Lesson 3 Essay Questions

Lesson 3 Essay Questions
Lesson 3 Essay Questions: 1. Compare and contrast directional selection and disruptive selection
and provide an example of each. Both directional and disruptive selection is a type of natural
selection. Natural selection is the differential survival and/or reproduction of organisms as a
function of their physical attributes. (phenotype) This results in evolution over many generations.
Each mode of selection alters the mean or variance of a phenotypic trait in a population or species.
These distributions can be represented in bell curves. Both selection processes can be influenced by
human interaction. Directional Selection occurs when an extreme phenotype at one end of a
population distribution is favored over all other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jaws are believed to evolved from the first pair of gill arches. The presence of jaws permits a
predatory lifestyle. Early bony fishes or lobed finned fishes had lungs. Amphibians were the first
group to have jointed appendages and to invade land. Amphibian means living both on land and in
water. Besides the jointed limbs they have other features that are not seen in the fishes. Eyelids that
keep the eye moist, sound producing larynx, and ears adapted to pick up sound waves. Amphibians
have a great variety of reproductive strategies. This variety as well as the adaptations noted above
made them successful colonizers of the land environment. Reptile are the next step in the
evolutionary tree of chordates. The most outstanding adaptation of reptiles is that they have a means
of reproduction suitable to a land existence, Fertilization is internal and the female lays leathery ,
flexible shelled eggs. The amniotic egg made development on land possible and eliminated the need
for a water environment during development. Birds are considered feathered reptiles. They share a
common ancestor with the crocodile. Nearly every anatomical feature of a bird can be related to its
ability to fly. Birds lay a hard shelled amniotic egg rather than the leathery egg of other reptiles.
Mammals are amniotes as well and share a common ancestor with the reptiles. However they
represent a
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Janie and the Pear Tree in Their Eyes Were Watching God...
Janie and the Pear Tree in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston
In Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, the image of a pear tree reverberates
throughout the novel. The pear tree is not only a representation of Janie's life – blossoming, death,
metamorphosis, and rebirth – but also the spark of curiosity that sets Janie on her quest for self–
discovery. Janie is essentially "rootless" at the beginning of her life, never having known her mother
or father and having been raised by her grandmother, Nanny. Nanny even says to Janie, "Us colored
folks is branches without roots and that makes things come round in queer ways" (Hurston, 16).
Under a pear tree in Nanny's backyard, however, Janie, as a naïve ... Show more content on
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[she longed] to be a pear tree – any tree in bloom! With kissing bees singing of the beginning of the
world! She had glossy leaves and bursting buds and she... [was] waiting for the world to be made"
(11). Janie, feeling herself opening like the petals of a flower, yearns to delve into the unfamiliar – to
find the sweet marriage represented by the bees and blossoms.
Yielding, however, to the wishes of her aged grandmother – that she seek protection and security in
marriage – Janie marries Logan Killicks. The passion that Janie has dreamed of, however, is missing
from this marriage, and Logan's house is "a lonesome place like a stump in the middle of the woods"
(21). As her marriage slowly deteriorates and she enters the dying cycle of the tree, Janie never
forgets the blossoming pear tree. "Ah wants things sweet wid mah marriage lak when you sit under a
pear tree and think"(24), she exclaims. "The vision of Logan Killicks was desecrating the pear tree"
(14), so when the classy, charming Joe Starks offers her a marriage and a better life, Janie sets off
down the road with him, in another cycle of springtime bloom. The pear tree is reborn and she
believes that "from now until death she was going to have flower dust and springtime sprinkled over
everything. A bee for her bloom" (32). Though she initially finds the passion she had longed for,
Janie eventually becomes Joe's possession. He exercises arbitrary power over her, forbidding her
from wearing her hair

The Spandrels Of San Marco And The Panglossian Paradigm
In " The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A critique of the Adapationist
Programme" by Gould and Lewontin the article discusses about natural selection not being the
overall general reason for the evolution of species. Gould and Lewontin provide a pluralistic
approach of how species are evolved rather than basing on natural selection. Therefore, these
scientists used the central dome of St Mark's Cathedral in Venice to represent the other possible
explanations of the evolution in species. Most importantly, Gould and Lewontin used spandrels and
other findings as an analogy to parallelize the evolution of organisms as an unintentional byproduct
of the species. Gould and Lewontin introduce spandrels as triangular spaces between the arches and
dome. The spandrel is designed in such a way that is exclusively fitted towards its space. Also, the
spandrel shows severe complexity in intricate designs as well. If one were to look at the detailed
design on the spandrel; he or she would question how the spandrel was able to stay in its shape and
form without losing its detail. This is when Gould and Lewontin declare that the spandrel is just a
simple byproduct of the mounting dome. There was no adaptation of the spandrel to form its shape
and size. The reason why the spandrel is in its form is because it was an unintentional product of the
mounting dome. Gould and Lewontin used the spandrel as a metaphor towards biology to explain
that species are able to have

Negative And Negative Effects Of Pollination
Pollination is responsible for keeping humans alive. But many underestimate what pollination does
for them, and how complex it is. There are mainly two types of cross–pollination and that is
generalist pollination, where different species of pollinators go to the same flower, and specialist
pollination, where a species of flower relies on a single specie of a pollinator. Flowers have adapted
to the needs of pollinators, but specialized flowers have adapted to suit the single specie pollinator
that comes to them. But because the flower only has this specie of pollinator, it can have both a
negative and positive effect on the plant and pollinator. Plants and pollinators have a relationship
that helps keep ecosystems alive, so they are very ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another positive to selective pollination is that the animals that pollinate the plant will have a food
source that they will be able to get to, and if the animal spreads the pollen and increases the range of
the plant, the animals would have more food sources. When a flower is specialized, it has
opportunities to increase diversification rate, the range of pollen, and range of seed dispersal
(Armbruster, 2014). Angiosperms can also change which animal it specializes for (Niet et al., 2014).
The Costus is a plant that will permanently switch from a bee pollinator to a hummingbird because
hummingbirds can transfer pollen more efficiently (Niet et al., 2014). Angiosperms usually
specialize in a pollinator because it will benefit them, but it also benefits the pollinator because the
flower can give the pollinator rewards for coming, but sometimes specializing is not a good thing.
Even though selective pollination can be good, it also has some negative effects. Sometimes,
selective pollination can lead to reproductive isolation (Armbruster, 2014). This causes the species
of plant to have to self–pollinate, which lowers genetic diversity and sometimes range. It can also
affect the pollinator because they have to find another food source, and if they don't, the pollinators
can start dying off. Or if the species pollinator starts to die off,

Essay Compare And Contrast Directional Selection And...
Lesson 3 Essay Questions: 1– Compare and contrast directional selection and disruptive selection,
and provide an example of each. Directional selection occurs when one extreme of a trait is favored
and the distribution curve shifts in that direction. An example of this is the human struggle with
malaria. The mosquito Anopheles transmits the disease. A new drug for the disease and a insecticide
for the mosquito was created. But over the years they became resistant to it and multiplied, shifting
the distribution curve toward the resistant type of parasite. Disruptive selection is where any two
extremes of a trait are favored over any intermediate phenotype. For example, British land snails are
found in low vegetation areas. The thrushes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, if the plant entices an animal, say a bumblebee, to come to it by offering it some sweet nectar,
then plant can attach some of its pollen to the back of animal and it will carry it to a new

Wormwood, or Artemisia Maritima Essay
Wormwood, or Artemisia Maritima, is a low maintenance plant that is easy to grow. This plant is
great for beginning herbologists. In the wild, sea wormwood grows along the seashore in Europe
and Asia. Wormwood is a hardy plant that can tolerate drought, maritime exposures and
temperatures as low as –15C. It has a sweet lavender–like smell but is very bitter to the taste. It is
easy to identify from a distance by its silver–gray colour. It is a flowering plant, growing close to
two metres high. The leaves are narrow, covered with silver velvety fur. It has small yellow oblong
flowers, containing three to six florets, in August and September. They are hermaphrodite and are
pollinated by the wind. In the following, I shall ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to treating the wizarding community for their ailments, I could use a wormwood potion
to help increase the appetite of cows as well as repel slugs, insects, and mice. Its fragrant branches
can be put into linen closets and mattresses to drive out moths and fleas, and in shoes to prevent
tired feet.
I grow this plant in light sandy, medium loamy, salty soil that is well–drained but moist with a pH of
6 to 7.6. I keep it in full sunlight. I sow the seeds from late winter to early summer in my
greenhouse. I must ensure that the compost does not dry out. When they are large enough to handle,
I plant the seedlings into individual pots. There can up to 50,000 seeds on each stem which are
viable for three to fours years! I keep them in the greenhouse during their first winter.
In the late spring to early summer of their next year, I plant them outside. The plants must be planted
two feet apart. I prune half of the ripe wood in July or August and divide the plants in the spring or
the fall. They regrow from ground level each spring. It is difficult to manage wormwood once it is
established, as it reduces biodiversity.
This plant is poisonous in large qualities and must be kept out of the reach of children and pets.
Ingesting small quantities may cause nervous disorders, convulsions and insomnia. The scent may
cause headaches in some sensitive people as well as allergies and asthma. This plant is

Compare And Contrast Roses And Roses
In a flower garden, the roses are considered to be the most famous and the queen of all the countless
flowers. Roses vary in different colors that come in white, orange, red, pink, maroon, beige and
yellow. They have very soft and delicate petals with so much fragrance in it that can be used as
perfume. They bloom nicely and attractively in perfect shape that you can't help but fall in love with
it.
Even though there are flowers that match the roses' characteristics such as appearance and fragrance,
they cannot be compared when it comes to their uses and meanings. The petals of a rose can be
combined with milk which is good for the skin. And their colors also have their special meanings
such as white which indicates pureness and innocence, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And they grow best in under the direct exposure of the sun and soil that is very well–drained.
Lisianthus is a wildflower that grows natively in warm areas of Mexico, Southern United States,
northern South America and Caribbean. In addition to that, some Lisianthus flowers are bicolored
and some are rarely found in carmine–red or yellow.
These Lisianthus flowers begin to blossom during the early summer but there are also some that
continue to blossom during the later days of summer. The fascinating part is this flower can last
from 2 to 3 weeks in a bud vase when it is cut. The Lisianthus flower is also known as Texas
bluebell, Lisianthus, gentian, tulip gentian and prairie gentian.
4. Begonias
Tuberous Begonias or simply Begonias are one of the most amazing species. This specie includes
1,795 different kinds of plants. These Begonias grows best in soils that are moist in tropical and
subtropical areas under the filtered sunlight. But if these plants will be exposed in too much
sunlight, it will only produce a small number of flowers. Although in cooler temperature, some of
these species are being cultivated and grown inside the house to be used as decorative house plants.
However, there are also times that these flowers are grown outside during the summer season to
produce bright and colorful flowers in which there are only sepals instead of

The Differences Between Vascular And Nonvascular Plants
Land plants can be divided into three different groups. One of these groups are nonvascular plants
which include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. The other two which are the focus of this paper
are vascular seedless plants and vascular seed plants. The difference between vascular and
nonvascular plants is that vascular plants have vascular tissue which enables them to grow up and be
bigger than nonvascular plants. The difference between seed and seedless vascular plants is the
presence of a seed. A seed is defined by the 10th Edition of Campbell Biology as "an adaption of
some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a
protective coat." This includes anything from apple seeds to dandelion seeds. The absence or
presence of a seed changes how a plant reproduces and also leads to different advantages and
disadvantages to the plant. Seedless vascular plants include such plants as ferns, horsetails, club
mosses, and whisk ferns. They live in wet environments because they require water for
reproduction. They reproduce through the use of spores. Using ferns as an example the spores are
found on the underside of the leaves. They are found in cases called sori and each sorus holds many
spores which are haploid. Spores are released and they form gametophytes. Gametophytes make
gametes which are also haploid and both the egg and the sperm of the fern are created in the
gametophyte, but in different parts. The egg is made in the

Analysis Of The Bany Of Desire By Michael Pollan
The incredible Michael Pollan is the accredited author for the high–rated novel, "The Botany of
Desire: A Plants–Eye View of the World". Michael Pollan was born on February 06, 1955 into a
Jewish family in Long Island, New York with 3 other siblings and his father Stephen M. Pollan and
mother Corky Pollan. Michael Pollan lived a normal childhood and attended Bennington College
and received a Bachelor's of the Arts (B.A) in Literature of 1977 and went on to graduate school at
Columbia University, graduating with a Master of the Arts (M.A) in 1981. Pollan has always been
intrigued by the art of writing after he witnessed his father, an author of over 20 books, as a child
and immediately knew he would begin writing after receiving both ... Show more content on
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The author helps visualize his idea with the story of Jonny Chapman, also known as "Jonny
Appleseed". Mr. Appleseed was known for the expansion of apples all across Northern–
Pennsylvania to Mid–West Ohio by traveling and planting apple seeds all along the Mississippi
River because of the high demand for apples in the early 1800's. Apples were in such high demand
because apples had such a bitter taste which was good for making hard–cider also known as "booze"
which sold–out before the Prohibition Era.
Tulips have been placed with a class of plants that shape foods grown from the ground called
angiosperms, which initially dates approximately 100 million years back. Most plants recreated the
way our forefathers would have done it, through spores that made hereditarily indistinguishable
clones of their folks. Yet, angiosperms hit upon another method for spreading their qualities that
gave them a transformative favorable position. They delivered female cells that remained on the
plant and male cells in dust that could be spread to treat neighboring plants. In the meantime, the
angiosperms made themselves appealing to bugs, flying creatures, and honey bees, which brought
about these animals conveying dust, starting with one plant then onto the next, making an
unfathomable blast of assorted variety. Through some secretive, however exact transaction of
shading, fragrance, and symmetry, these cunning angiosperms advanced to

Arsenic Contamination Essay
Introduction
Beside the natural activities, almost all human activities also have potential contribution to Arsenic
contamination in the environment as side effects occurs in many parts of the world and is a global
problem. In many areas As level has crossed the safe threshold level. Large–scale groundwater
pollution by geogenic arsenic (As) in West–Bengal and Bangladesh has recently promoted this
element into an environmental pollutant of prime concern. Epidemiological studies have
documented various adverse effects on the human population. Arsenic contaminated soils,
sediments, and sludge are the major sources of arsenic contamination of the food chain, surface
water, groundwater, and drinking water (WT Frankenberger & Arshad, 2002). Other potential
sources of arsenic contamination are the chemicals used extensively in agriculture as pesticides,
insecticides, defoliants, wood preservatives, and soil sterilants (AZCUE & NRIAGU, 1994).
Currently available techniques for the remediation of As contaminated soil are very expensive and
time–consuming, often hazardous to workers, and capable of producing secondary wastes (LOMBI,
ZHAO, DUNHAM, & MCGRATH, 2000). Phytoextraction, the use of green plants to clean up
contaminated soil, has attracted attention as an environmentally– friendly, low–input remediation
technique. It uses plants that extract heavy metals from the soil and accumulate it in the harvestable,
above ground biomass.
Several comprehensive reviews on

A Comparison between Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
Reproduction Research Assignment Sac 5
PART 1 : Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction [ 4 marks ]
– Discuss the differences between, and the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual
reproduction :
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Sexual Reproduction is the formation of a new organism from two parents usually, and involves the
joining of gametes [ e.g. sperm, pollen, egg] to form a single cell called a zygote [ or fertilised egg ].
The offspring are similar, but not identical to the parents. Sexually Reproductive organisms include
mammals, most reptiles, and flowering plants. ADVANTAGES
There is greater genetic variation of the offspring and therefore, greater chance of survival in
changing environments. Asexual Reproduction is the process by ... Show more content on
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The sperm she receives is stored in a little pouch connected to the genital tract and closed off by a
muscular valve. Whether or not she chooses to release the sperm to fertilise her eggs, and create
female bees is her choice. Otherwise, only male drones are hatched.
PART 2 : Structure And Function [ 6 marks ]
– This section must include 3 labelled diagrams of the human male reproductive system, female
reproductive system and the reproductive system of a flower.
PARTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTIS –
There are two testes situated in a sac called the scrotum. Due to the testes needing an optimum
temperature for sperm production, the sac is located outside the body. This is because the core body
temperature is far too warm to keep producing healthy sperm. EPIDIDYMIS –
This stores the large numbers of sperm until they are ejaculated out through the penis. In these two
ducts, sperm complete their maturation. SPERM DUCT/VAS DEFERENS –
The sperm duct, or vas deferens transport sperm from the testes to the urethra. SEMEN–
PRODUCING GLANDS –
Semen is the fluid produced to protect the sperm from dehydration and the acidic environment of the
female vagina after sexual intercourse. Semen allows the sperm to swim more easily. URETHRA –

This is the tube that normally carries urine from the urinary bladder. When semen containing sperm
is ejaculated, it also travels out through the urethra, but the

Where the Red Fern Grows
Where the Red Fern Grows by Fgosal Where the Red Fern Grows tells about a man named Billy
Colman, whose mind drifted away back on his boyhood memories when he got his dogs. The young
Billy was a boy who wanted two coon hunting dogs of his own more than anything in the world. He
worked very hard by selling wares and saved money to pursue his dreams. After two years, he
finally had enough money for two dogs. Billy made a difficult journey to get his dogs. He loved his
dogs very much and spent almost a whole time to train his dogs. Eventhough there were many
problems came to him and his dogs, they could passed them. This strong bonds between them
finally reached the climax when Billy joined the coon hunting championship and won it. In this

Protect Pollinator Populations
Why Regulations Are Needed to Protect Pollinator Populations
Currently, an estimated 3.2 million tons of pesticides are used each year (Hicks, 2012).
Pesticides are normally misused by people with little knowledge or care for their harmful effects.
Without effective enforcement of regulations, pesticides are easily spread beyond their projected
areas. According to research, the overuse of pesticides causes many human diseases, animal
diseases, and disruptions in our ecosystem. Well defined regulations, along with consumer
education, could limit the misuse of pesticides and protect our fragile pollinator populations from
continued decline to help ensure future food sources for many generations to come.
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used pesticides in the world. Neonicotinoid toxins can remain in
soil and water for up to two years ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fifty–two percent of pesticides are in your drinking water due to the use of chlorine to "disinfect it."
Farmers only use 17% (Lah, 2011). Chlorine is also harmful to bees, which are the main animal
species that pollinates. Most chlorine contains neonicotinoids which are chemicals that are active
ingredients in many pesticides. Multiple pesticide products used by homeowners have manufacture
recommended rates for applications 120x higher than rates for agriculture crops (Jennifer Hopwood,
2012).
An estimated 2.2 million people are at risk due to exposure from agricultural pesticides, with the
majority of this population being located in developing nations (Hicks, 2012). Most people affected
by pesticides contract them by consuming food contaminated with a high concentration of
pesticides. In humans, pesticides can cause headaches, blurred vision, vomiting, abdominal pain,
immune system suppression, blood and liver diseases, asthma, and even nerve damage. Pollinators,
and other animals living around the streams where pesticides accumulate experience many of these
same

The Medicinal Plant Of Medicinal Plants
What is your favorite medicinal plant? There are hundreds of medicinal plants throughout the world
and have been used for thousands of years by many people. There are numerous of medicinal plants
still used today and we are constantly finding new uses for these plants. Medicinal plants are
common plants that most people use every day, but you do not know that they are in your vitamins
and other medicines. One such plant is the Blood Flower which is a very beautiful flower that has
very important medicinal purposes and has interesting facts that the vast majority of the population
does not know.
The beautiful Blood Flower is sometimes called, Silky Milkweed, Common Milkweed, Tropical
Milkweed, Cotton Bush, Garden Silkweed, Redhead or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has naturalized in subtropical and tropical regions and has been growing like a weed in those
countries (Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower), 2017). It is actually considered to be one of the
worst weeds in Australia. It is an invasive species so it is lives almost everywhere where it can
survive. The seeds travel a very long distance because of the wind (Asclepias curassavica
(bloodflower), 2017).
The Blood Flower is a beautiful flower that looks like a tiny sun because of its vibrant colors. The
actual bud of the flower before it blooms is a gorgeous light red or purple. The petals of the flower
are bright orange and the bloomed bud is yellow (Blood Flower, 2017). Like most other plants and
weeds, the Blood Flowers stem and the leaves beneath the flower are green. It can grow to be as
short as one foot or as tall as three feet from the ground up to the end of the flower. It can be one
foot wide or grow as wide as two feet wide from one leaf to the other (Blood Flower, 2017). The
flowers on the plant are a lot shorter than the leaves and are also a lot smaller. The flowers have two
different layers, the yellow one which is a lot smaller and is on top and the orange one which is
bigger and is on bottom. The yellow flowers house the pistol and stamen. The Blood Flower blooms
during mid–summer but does not have to bloom during mid–summer and might bloom in the spring
or fall (Blood Flower, 2017).
A very useful way to use the

Speech About Plant Kamias
Plants provide nutritional factors to the human body. Fruits and vegetables are good for our health.
But aside from eating or make it a dessert it is also the main source of drugs that is being use from
the ancient times as herbal remedies for the health care, prevention and cure of various diseases and
ailments. Use of various plants parts like its bark, flowers, fruit, seeds, roots, leaves or let's say the
whole plant as such for medical purpose is been a long tradition in different culture. Use of plants as
a medicine is being used by the Filipino. Our ancestors used plants as their medicine when they get
sick because that time no ready–made medicine is available so they need to use the parts of plants as
cure for their illnesses. Plants ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fruit of kamias have medical properties for the effective management of several human ailments.
Different parts of the plants is used for various conditions. The fruit conserve is used as a treatment
for coughs, and biliousness. Syrup prepared from the fruit is taken as a cure for fever. The leaves are
applied as a paste or poultice on itches, swellings of mumps and rheumatism, and on skin eruption.
They are applied on bites of poisonous creatures. In Malaysia, people there take the leaves fresh for
fermented as a treatment for venereal disease. A leaf infusion is a remedy for coughs. The flower
infusion is said to be effective against

Essay on Chapter Five Forensic Science
January 24th, 2014 Forensic Science/ Mod 3
Chapter 5 Test
True or False:
1) Pollen is an example of trace evidence.
Answer: True
2) Through microscopic examination of pollen or spores, it is possible to identify a specific plant
that produced that pollen or pore.
Answer: False
3) All Pollen & Spores are produced continuously throughout the year.
Answer: False
4) With the exception of bacterial endospores, pollen & spores are reproductive structures.
Answer: True
5) Spores are produced only by fungi.
Answer: False
6) Flowering plants or angiosperms are the only plants that produce pollen.
Answer: False
7) Pollen & Spore identification can provide important trace evidence in solving crimes dues to their
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Answer: Animal pollinated plants are strong, which make them easier to be found during evidence
collection but not a plentiful as wind pollen. Wind dispersed pollen produces large amounts of
pollen, which makes it easier to be found in forensic science during evidence collection, but it's
harder to direct find a suspect with this type of pollen. Water dispersed pollen absolutely has to stay
in water or it will degenerate. So this type of pollen doesn't exactly help in forensic science unless a
victim was drowned.
17)Describe how pollen can be used to determine if a crime occurred in the city or in the country or
during the day or night.
Answer: Pollen can be used to determine if a crime occurred in the city or in the country or during
the day or night because country & city conditions are different. The air is more polluted in the city
than in the country, which can affect plant cycles. Also, the city has a lot more sidewalks & other
pavements, shaded areas and not very much fertile soil for plants to even grow. This majorly limits
the types and survival of plants in that environment. Plants mostly flower in the daytime opposed to
the night time because there is sun only in the daytime. This means that there is more pollen in the
air during the

My Favourite Plant: My Favorite Plant
Have you ever planted something before? Well if you have or haven't, I have and I love planting
whether it's a fruit, vegetable, or plant. My favorite plant is a goldenrod its very bright and it so
happens to be my favorite color which is yellow.
The goldenrod attracts bees to it from its nectar and pollen, even though I'm not to fond of bees its
interesting to watch how they work, the goldenrod also is genus of about 100 to 120 species of
flowering plants the plant usually located in meadows, prairies, and savannas but I have some in my
backyard, there mostly native to north America including Mexico, my goldenrod stands about 5cm
and 2 inches tall. One reason the goldenrod is my favorite plant is because it's an herb like plant to
cure any ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even if you're not low on funds planting can become a fun outdoor activity for yourself and or
others like it was for me or shall I say "fun" hobby because I made planting into a hobby for me
that's my talent. Being outdoors becoming one with nature to me feels like a never ending lifetime
of adventures and fun because you can make anything out of nothing. I have allergies so sometimes
being outside nurturing my plants can sometimes bother my sinuses, but being able to make a tea
out of my goldenrod helps me feel well so as long as I got a goldenrod plant in my back yard it will
never stop me from doing what I love to do which is

The Importance Of Genes In The Evolution Of Plants
2011). The genes have been awoken in multiple angiosperm plants throughout the evolution of
today's modern plants. These genes have not been found in gymnosperms. The genes are only being
utilized when in seed form for most flowering plants. Being able to switch these genes on like a
light switch, in the tissue and fiber of conventional crops will aid in our fight against world hunger.
During severe desiccation periods, plant lose all the available protoplasmic water. This loss of water
causes structural stress as decreased cell volume places tension on the plasmalemma as it shrinks
form plasmadesmatal attachments to the cell wall, the ultimate rupture of which allows entry of
extracellular hydrolases and cell death (Jill F. 2016). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A plant that could essentially lose more than 90% of its molecular H2O, regenerate and begin
growing again after long periods of drought could possibly change how whole nations do
agriculture. Agricultural regions that are rain fed would be able to incorporate an additional growing
season. This can be achieved by leaving the plants that have died from lack of water till the next
year when the rain falls thus causing an early crop that will be simultaneous with planting the next
year's crop or a spread out cropping throughout the year because different plants will be a different
maturation stages. The effects this process will have will ensure that no plant is wasted due to heat
stress. The amount of plants that die from heat stress will vary, never the less implementing the
desiccated crops in with the crops that survive from the current year will benefit yield production.
Resurrection plants can remain in the dead, fringed state for months to years. Even after being
"dead" it can still regenerate, become green and continue to grow. Like the seeds of all angio sperm
plants, the seeds are desiccation tolerant. Only 135 flowering plants have the regenerative tissue. As
of 2016 there are 391,000 vascular plants in the world. 369,000 of those

Factors That Affect The Growth And Germination Rates Were...
Plants are an essential part of survival for humans and animals and contribute significantly to
various areas of the lives of organisms. In order to better understand the different plants and its
requirements the growth and germination rates were investigated. The hypothesis stated that if the
dicotolydeons and monocotyledons are placed in the same environment and watered regularly, then
the dicotyledons will have a faster growth and germination rate.
In order for plants to survive, it is a necessity for the process of photosynthesis to occur.
Photosynthesis is the process wherein plants create oxygen and food for themselves (glucose) using
carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun. Once this process is completed, plants are able to
grow using the nutrients provided by photosynthesis.
Word equation: carbon dioxide + water (SUNLIGHT AND CHLORYPHYLL) glucose + oxygen
There are many factors that affect photosynthesis such as light availability, carbon dioxide
concentration and temperature. Light is a limiting factor as if there is not enough light available, the
rate of photosynthesis will decrease. This is because without the light, the chlorophyll (not be
created) will be unable to absorb energy from the sun, resulting in no food which is required for
survival. Temperature plays an essential role in photosynthesis as well. As the temperature increases,
so does the rate of photosynthesis. As it is a chemical reaction, an increase in temperature will cause
enzymes and

General Introduction to Mushroom Culture
General Introduction to Mushroom Culture Definition WITHOUT LEAVES, WITHOUT BUDS,
WITHOUT FLOWERS: YET THEY FORM FRUIT. AS A MEDICINE, AS A FOOD, AS A
TONIC: THE ENTIRE CREATION IS PRECIOUS. [pic] Life Cycle [pic] Introduction Cultivation
of mushrooms as a research endeavor in Pakistan Only Institute of Horticultural Sciences, a degree
program: Mushroom Science Common in Asian countries, in Horticulture departments. Mushrooms
may be unpalatable, and others even poisonous, the mushrooms of many species are not only edible
but delicious and nutritious. HISTORY Consumption of mushroom probably occurred during
prehistory, in hunting and foraging ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You have to consider whether to convert existing buildings for mushroom growing. This also
depends upon the type of production system to be adopted Variable costs For the purchase of spawn
For the purchase of substrates for the preparation of composts. Capital investment for the
construction of building and purchase of machinery. Energy costs Labour costs Production systems
Which production system you will choose? Some requires high investments, other less, but you
must exceed a break even yield to be profitable. Training A start–up programme and training is
essential before any new production system unit will achieve economic yield. Related Business
Supply of fresh and dry mushrooms for local market and export. Spawn production industry. Supply
of fresh mushrooms in tins. Development of mushroom products. Development of medicinal
mushroom products. Compost preparation industry for the supply of fresh and spawned
compost/casing soil. Specialized business for the construction of mushroom houses with
environmental control systems. Problems Pests and diseases can be devastating and their control in
mushroom is a constant cost which is involved and complicated. Growers cannot depend chemical
pesticides as the crop is extremely sensitive. Two stages where the growers face hardships/problems

The Importance Of Gene Imprinting
Gene imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon when two alleles of a certain gene are expressed at
different level depending on their parent–of–origin. Gene imprinting has been documented in
mammals and flowering plants. In the 1980s, biologists' attention to imprinting has greatly increased
due to the recognition of its importance during mammalian development [1]. Imprinted genes
regulate cell growth, cell signaling, cell cycle regulation, and influence nutrient acquisition and fetus
growth. In mammals, many imprinted genes are found in the placenta and brain, which is consistent
with growth and neurodevelopmental defects observed in human imprinting disorders [2,3].
In addition to mammals, gene imprinting is also found in flowering plants. ... Show more content on
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However, you are required to have at least one heading. Please ensure that either British or
American English is used consistently in your chapter.
The angiosperms (flowering plants) are the most diverse group of land plants, with over 250,000
species [5]. Double fertilization is a unique feature distinguishing angiosperms from their seed–plant
predecessors (gymnosperms). This feature might have provided angiosperms an evolutionary
advantage to become the dominant form of land plant life, although the selection force of this trait is
poorly understood.
Unlike animals that define all cell lineages during embryogenesis, plants are able to establish novel
cell fates throughout their entire life cycle, especially during sexual reproduction. Sexual
reproduction in flowering plants comprises of a process divided into three phases: sporogenesis,
gametogenesis and embryo–/ endosperm–genesis.
Sporogenesis is initiated in both male and female reproductive tissues. In ovule primordium, a
subepidermal nucellar cell differentiates into a megaspore mother cell (MMC), the MMC then
undergoes meiosis to form four haploid megaspores. Only one megaspore survives to become
functional megaspore (FM) and proceeds to gametogenesis, while the other three degenerate. In
stamen primordium, one subepidermal nucellar cell gives rise to a microspore or pollen mother cell
(PMC). The PMC then undergoes meiosis to form four haploid microspores which will continue to

Anatomy of an Orchid Flower
Anatomy of an Orchid Flower
Despite the astonishing diversity found in the thousands of wild species and man–made hybrids,
orchid flowers show an unmistakable family resemblance. Orchid flowers are generally bilaterally
symmetrical–only a single imaginary line can be drawn through a flower to create a mirror image.
A typical orchid flower has three sepals (the outer segments that protect the bud before the flower
opens), alternating with three petals. The petals and sepals may be similar or not, showy or
inconspicuous.
The middle petal, which is always opposite the column, is usually quite different from the others.
Called the lip or labellum, it comes in a variety of shapes, depending on the species, and can be
wavy or fringed or covered ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So in appealing to sex, these orchids limit their potential pollinators, which would seem to be a
reproductive disadvantage.
Despite the apparent drawback, sexual deception has evolved several times in different types of
orchids. So there must be some selective advantage, and researchers Salvatore Cozzolino and
Giovanni Scopece of the University of Naples Federico II, Steven Johnson of University of
KwaZulu–Natal (South Africa) and Florian Schiestl of the University of Zürich appear to have
figured out what it is.
Schiestl and his team observed populations of 31 orchid species with varying pollination strategies
in Italy and Western Australia. They measured the amount of pollen that was taken from each
orchid, and the amount of pollen that made it to its intended destination –– another orchid of the
same species.
They found that populations of sexually deceptive orchids had higher "pollen transport efficiency"
than the species with multiple pollinators. In other words, a higher percentage of the pollen that was
taken from sexually deceptive orchids actually made it to another orchid of the same species. The
orchids with multiple pollinators had more pollen taken from their flowers, but more of that pollen
was lost –– dropped to the ground or deposited in flowers of the wrong species.
So it appears that specializing with

Descriptive Essay On Trantopea
In a land far, far away there was a beautiful magic forest in a world called Trantopea. In this forest
there were many magical creatures, with different jobs. One creature who was especially important
in Trantopea was Pepper Mint. She was a large red and white creature, who was a farmer of a very
rare plant that she called mint. At that time mint had only existed in her world. Many of the other
creatures in the forest were very jealous of Pepper and her farm, many even tried to steal it. One
creature in particular, Joseph, wanted Pepper's farm very much. He was also a farmer, but his farm
was not as successful as Pepper's farm, as a result he had devised a detailed plan to steal Pepper's
farm. In Trantopea to seal something from someone all you had to do was take it from them and it
was yours forever, so in this case all Joseph had to do is pick one plant from her farm and the farm
was his forever. One day as Pepper was taking her daily walk, she saw a bush rumble in the forest.
She was very confused, but she continued her walk and eventually forgot about it. What Pepper had
not realized was that there were two little eyes peeking out of the bush and watching her. These two
eyes belonged to Joseph, who was trying to find out a perfect time to try and steal Pepper's farm.
Every day for a month, Joseph would watch Pepper take her walk just to make sure that she took
one everyday. He would keep track of the time that she started her walk, what time she ended her
walk, and how

Gergor Mendel's Incredible Understanding of the Principles...
Gergor Mendel realised that he had incredibly found the basic understanding and principle of
heredity. He came to three conclusion 1.
After this incredible breakthrough and discovery, he carried out a second experiment. Mendel
wanted to observe whether several different traits could be hereditary together, whether traits will
show in the offspring or not. He observed seven important traits that could be easily identified, these
are known as the phenotypes. These traits or characteristics were 1. Colour of the flower Purple or
white 2. Axil and terminal position of the flower 3. Short and long stem length 4. Smooth or wrinkle
seeds 5. Yellow or green seeds 6. If the pods were inflated or constricted 7. Yellow or green pods.
In this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By using maths and statistics, he was able to determine an average, for every three purple flowers
one white flower will occur, a ratio of 3:1.
Gregor Mendel first wanted to achieve a pure breed of flowers, but also wanted to observe the
outcome by crossing the white and purple flowers. For this, we have to understand the basic
principle of how the pea plant fertilizes itself. The stamen is the male part of the plant. The stamen
of the plant is drop pollen into the plant when the start to mature. The pollen falls upon the pistil,
which is the female region of the plant. It then fertilizes the plant and becomes matured plant.
However to cross–fertilize the pea plants Gregor Mendel used a slightly different method whereby
he opened an immature pea plant. Mendel then took out the stamen before they could become
mature and drop pollen upon the pistil. Thereafter using the pollen, which he had taken out, he then
dusted and brushed the pollen on to the pistil of another pea plant transferring them with the aid of a
small brush. The cross–fertilizing of the two plants was named as the parental generation (P) as they
were the first to be pollinated and fertilised.
He transferred and cross–fertilized pea plants, which only had white and purple flowers. He was
very careful within his experiment and insured the controls were accurate and precise at all time.
This can be found within his journal Versuche über PflanzenhybridenVerhandlungen he mentions

Essay On How To Grow Tomato From A Seedling
How to Grow Tomatoes from a Seedling
Growing tomatoes is a simple and rewarding task, and more people should be growing them. This
paper walks readers through the main steps for growing and maintaining patio tomatoes from a
seedling.
The first step in growing tomatoes is determining if you have the appropriate available space and
sunlight to grow them. All tomato varieties require full sunlight, which means at least six hours of
direct sun every day. If you have south–facing windows or a patio or backyard that receives direct
sunlight, you should be able to grow tomatoes. Choose the location that receives the most sun.
Next, you need to find the right seedling. Growing tomatoes and other vegetables from seeds can be
more complicated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The containers can be used in the house, on a patio, or anywhere in the backyard, and they are
portable. Containers also tend to better regulate moisture and drain excess water. Choose a container
that is at least 10 inches in diameter and at least 1 foot deep. This will provide sufficient room for
root development.
In addition to the container, you also need the appropriate soil mixture and draining mechanisms.
For the best drainage, fill the bottom of your container with 2 or 3 inches of gravel. On top of the
gravel, fill ¾ of the container with soil. Choose a well–balanced organic soil. The three main
ingredients you will find described on soil bags are N–P–K–that is, nitrogen, phosphorus, and
potassium. Without going into too much detail about the role of each element in plant growth, I will
tell you that an average vegetable will grow fine in a 10–5–5 mixture. This ratio, too, will be easy to
find at your local nursery.
Once you have the gravel in the bottom of the container and the soil on top, you are ready to
transplant the tomato. Pick up the tomato in the plastic container it comes in from the nursery. Turn
it upside down, and holding the stem between your fingers, pat the bottom lightly several times, and
the plant should fall into your hand. Next, you should gently break up the root ball that formed in
the nursery container with your hands. Be gentle, but be sure to

Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
PRACTICAL 6
Seed Plants (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms)
OBJECTIVES: 1. To describe the features of seed plant life cycle and the concept of the dominant
generation. 2. To describe the life histories and related reproductive structures of gymnosperms and
angiosperms. 3. To summarize the features that distinguish gymnosperms and angiosperms. 4. To
discuss the advantages of seed plants to dominate land and their evolutionary adaptations on land.
EXPERIMENT 1: Gymnosperms
INTRODUCTION:
Gymnosperms (720 species in 65 genera) are ancient seed plants that include ginkgos (Division
Ginkgophyta), cycads (Division Cycadophyta), conifers (Division Coniferophyta), and gnetophytes
(Division Gnetophyta). The term gymnosperm derives from the ... Show more content on
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You will find that many of the vegetative structures are quite similar to those of more ancient plants
shown. The roots, stems, and leaves of flowering plants function just as those of ferns and cone
bearing plants. Flowers and fruits, however are unique adaptations of angiosperms. Biologists
believe that the extraordinary adaptiveness of these structures has led to the proliferation of the
incredible diversity found among flowering plants.
MATERIALS: 1. Living specimens of angiosperms (dicots & monocots) with roots, stems,
leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. (Imperata cylindrical, zea mays, Carica papaya, Phaseolus sp.) 2.
Prepared slide of angiosperms (dicots & monocots) 3. Compound microscope 4. Dissecting
microscope 5. Slide and coverslip 6. Forceps 7. Distilled water
PROCEDURE:
Roots:
1. A root of dicots and monocots are obtained for morphology and anatomy study. 2. The root
systems of representative dicot and monocot are looked. 3. Cross section of dicot root shows the
central stele is surrounded by a thick cortex and epidermis. The following: epidermis, cortex,
parenchyma cells, starch grains, pericycle, endodermis, phloem, and xylem are identified. 4. Cross
section of monocot roor shows this root has a vascular cylinder of xylem and phloem that surrounds
a central pith. The following: epidermis, cortex, endodermis, Casparian strip, pith, phloem, and
xylem are identified. 5. A prepared

Jojoba Research Paper
Jojoba (Simmondsia chinesis): Structure: Jojoba (also known as Goat nut or Coffeeberry) is a
drought tolerant evergreen shrub that grows between ten to fifteen feet tall. This perennial woody
shrub thrives in the arid climate of the Sonoran Desert. The long tap root provides water and
minerals as far down as forty feet below the surface of the soil. The plant is mainly dioecious as the
male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. Male jojoba plants have larger yellow flowers
as compared to the small pale green flowers of the female. Jojoba have thick gray–green waxy
leaves that stand vertically only exposing the tips to the hot sun. Reproduction: Jojoba are either
male or female. The jojoba plant pollinates by wind and insects. The female plants seeds are
pollinated by the male pollenating plants (leaves are aerodynamic allowing wind to take pollen from
male plant to female plants) between February and March. Jojoba seeds are encapsulated and
contain up to three seeds. After ripening the seeds, pods split revealing the brown seeds. The seeds
ripen during the spring months and then fall in late summer. Longevity: ... Show more content on
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It is a plant built to survive the harsh weather conditions of the Sonoran Desert with the help of its
long tap root and leaves specially adapted to cope with the dry heat. Habitat: Wild jojoba plants
occur on light or medium textured soil with good drainage in the Sonoran Desert. Jojoba are limited
to frost free zones, when temperatures drop below 20 degrees Fahrenheit, flowers and young
branches can be damaged. Range map: The Sonoran Desert is where jojoba calls home and extends
into coastal mountain ranges of southern

Speech On Nature Is Precious
God created the world perfectly. We are so bless to have such a precious gift like this. Nature
provides us what we need to survive each day of our living, like our mother. It give us a food to eat,
water to drink, air to breathe, shelter to stay and many more for our life to become better and easier.
Our nature have many beautiful scenery. Our eyes won't get tired mesmerizing on it. No wonder
why many artist, writers, poets, and painters choose it to be their subject. Human are the real user of
the nature. We are dependent on it that's why we will not survive on earth without it. Having this
precious gift means also a big responsibility. A big responsibility for a human to fulfill. That's why it
is right and just to take care on it. As I said nature is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We should not allow our selfishness to take over. We should enjoy our beautiful nature without
hurting it. Let's help each other to take away it from the damages. So that our future generation can
also witness how beautiful it is. Human should not take it for granted. Let's value the worth of it
while it is not too late. Let's help each other to take care of it so that we can enjoy it forever.
Nature is everything which surround us and one of this is the flower. Flower is a part of a plant. It is
a reproductive organ that produces eggs and pollen grains. Many flower have brightly colored petals
and sweet fragrant which make them unique from the other living things. They produce nectar that
attracts insect, animals and human too. While the animals eat on the nectar, some pollen grains stick
on their bodies. When they move to another flower they carry the pollen and help pollinate those
flowers. The pollination by animals are more effectively than pollination by the wind. Why?
Because the animals directly move from flower to flower and not like in wind where the pollen can
be carry anywhere. There is an assurance if it is

Analysis: Smashed Chickpea Avocado Dip
Smashed Chickpea Avocado Dip In today's world of abundant fatty foods and highly expensive
quality foods, getting a nutritious meal can be difficult. However, it only takes a few extra minutes
to find the perfect recipe that will be both healthy and budget appropriate. One such recipe includes
one of my favorite appetizers, the Smashed Chickpea Avocado Dip. This recipe is the all in one
Holy Grail of quick healthy snacks. As mostly any other plant–based recipe, this healthy appetizer is
notorious for its use of highly nutritious fruits and vegetables, which as we know, would not exist
without the help of our beloved plant companions. Moreover, this recipe, unlike any other, is quick
and often fun to make. In fact, it can often serve as a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Persea Americana is the fruit also known as the berry of the tree and containing a single seed.
Interestingly enough, Persea Americana is a flowering plant of the Lauraceae family. In addition,
according to the Medical Health Guide website, "In a study published in 'The Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry, 2005', it has been found that avocado contains bioactive substances that include
carotenoids, which has cancer preventive properties." Among these, carotenoids were found to
prevent the growth of both, androgen–dependent and androgen–independent prostate cancer

Effects Of Flowers With Scent Versus Flowers
Effects of Flowers with Scent Versus Flowers without Scent on Insect Activity
Flower communities are an example of a limited ecosystem that vary from one to another based on
species of flower as well as microclimate differences. The main component of a flower community
is the flowering plant itself. This plant is the main dictator of all activity in the community. Other
aspects of this limited ecosystem include the species that interact with this plant and the resources it
provides. These species may then also interact with each other influencing aspects of the ecosystem
such as species behavior, resource abundance, and competition (Watt, 1947). As a community the
flowering plant and organisms are also affected by microclimate ... Show more content on
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The flower is in bloom from September to November in habitats with relatively dry soils receiving
little sunlight. Although the flowers do not produce a scent, they do provide a nectar source and are
known to attract butterflies. It is also know to be a plant that attracts predatory insects that prey upon
pest insects the same as the Sweet Everlasting ( Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium). Additionally, it is
of special value to pollinators, and known to attract large numbers of native bees ("Native Plant
Database," n.d.).
The ability of both of these flower communities to exist in similar habitats makes them ideal for
comparing differences in insect activity without the influence of outside factors such as temperature,
light, and humidity. Both flower communities are also known to attract similar species, which
allows the quantity of species visiting one site to be easily compared to the quantity of species
visiting the other site. This is essential because the study aims to determine whether the property of
scent, characteristic of the Sweet Everlasting (Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium), had an effect on the
amount of species interacting with each flower community. If certain species are attracted to scent,
then the sweet everlasting will attract larger numbers of species than the white aster
(Symphyotrichum ericoides).
Methods
For this study two sites were chosen to compare the different insects, spiders, and other invertebrates
that inhabit the limited ecosystem

The Importance Of Plants In Canada
Plants are extremely important to the growth and development of Canada because as a source of
food, the country requires the nutrients the plants provide and they are irreplaceable. Plants are
crucial as they are a component of everything people eat, whether people eat the plants or the animal
they eat or get food from rely on plants. The more food and plants available to better the
reproduction, and therefore more population growth in communities. Having more food available
for the entire population has shown to decrease poverty and increase the overall development of the
community (2). In Canada, there is a large discrepancy between the food security of the southern
provinces and northern territories. This has stuck many northern Canadians in difficult situations
when trying to buy the proper food. There is also an economic factor of food and plants. In current
society, most food in imported from country to country, creating many economic benefits in
countries that import food (3). That money can be used to create a better community and country.
On another level, plants and crops also have religious and symbolic value in our culture, which
helps to increase development on a social level. Increases in variety and quantity can help to
develop communities. Certain pants and foods help to give communities and countries their identity.
For example, many foods are crucial to our identity like maple syrup. Overall, food and plants is
extremely important to Canada as a society

The Breeding of the Red-Fleshed Apples
The breeding of the red–fleshed apples was originally from Kazakhstan and improvements of the
apple was breed in order for the breeders to produce a apple that has high in Vitamin and as a
healthy diet snack. The scientists have collected the apple's seeds in order to let those seeds to grow
in New Zealand. The red–fleshed apples were usually small back in Kazakhstan and it has a
different taste which was a bit bitter and had a lack of quality in the commercial marketing. Also
they have improved the apple's taste just by crossing the original red–fleshed apple with another
white–fleshed varieties fruit in order to improve the characteristics of the apple since it will be
important for commercial and consumer with its long storage life. Generally, the red–fleshed apple
will breed in order to improve the quality of the apple and also to provide nutrition which are high in
vitamins and antioxidants, which then it reduces the risk of some diseases, but there are some red
fleshed apple that can be healthier than other apples that have been produced. Although, breeders are
able to use genetic information in order to make the breeding process faster and more effective. By
investigating the DNA from the apples seed the scientists are able to predict that many apple
characteristics including the red fleshed apple long before the seeds produces fruit, in order to
decided which seeds are able to grow well and which can be redundant.
The process that has been done producing the

The Great Family of Araceae
One living organism that has a very important function for the environment and all the living
creatures on Earth is the plant. This is because other living organisms such as animals and human
beings greatly depend on them for food and oxygen. Furthermore, they are also able to provide
living creatures the shelter that they need. As well as medicines that can be taken from medicinal
plants. There are approximately 250,000 different species of plants and they are all part of the
kingdom Plantae which has many different types. ("Plants in Peril – Plants and People", n.d., p.
xx)One of them is the Angiosperms which can be further classified into Magnoliids, Eudicots, and
Monocots. Under the Monocots are further classifications and one of them is the family of Araceae.
("Araceae", n.d., p. xx)
One interesting family that belongs to the division of flowering plants or Angiosperms is the
Araceae. The term Araceae came from the word Arum, a plant genus, and it also came from Aron, a
common name for plants in the said genus. The suffix –aceae is added to the name since it is the
suffix used in constructing the name of the families of plants. ("Araceae", n.d., p. xx) This is where
the name Araceae came from. The family Araceae has its own classification. It belongs to the big
group of kingdom Plantae, then is further classified to the subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular
plants), then is lowered down to the super division of Spermatophyta (Seed plants), then further
classified to the

Essay On Plants Of Plants
India is a land of diversity. We have diversity in every phase whether it's culture, climate or
language. The natural beauty of India is exquisite due to the beautiful plants and trees found here.
The plants in India are famous for their admiring beauty. Apart from that, many of the plants found
here in India have a religious importance. Their religious value is what makes them special and
different from the plants found in other countries. The common Indian garden plants bloom during
spring and are lovers of the warm weather. Most of them are flowering plants.
Below is the list of the top 10 plants in India.
BASIL OR TULSI
Basil or commonly called as tulsi is one of the most famous plants in India. It is possible to find it in
every other house because of it's religious significance. The tulsi plant is considered holy by many.
Basil is used for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has high religious importance and is offered to Gods and Goddesses. Many a times, it is used as a
decorative item. Marigold needs plenty of bright sunshine. It has many medical uses. Marigold
generally blooms from July to September. It is planted as a sapling and makes the garden shine
bright with it's beautiful yellow and orange flowers.
MONEY PLANT
Money plant is of the kind which is very easy to care for and doesn't need any pampering. They
have a great foliage and are lively climbers. Lots of water is needed by the money plant and it is best
used as a household plant. Money plants have gleaming leaves which are green in colour and have a
few yellow spots on the surface.
HIBISCUS
Hibiscus plants are easily recognizable with their flowers in a trumpet like shape and alluring look.
They are one of the most famous plants of India and are widely available. They have a religious
significance which makes them even more famous. Hibiscus saplings are readily available and are
quite easy to grow. Lots of water and sunshine is needed for their

Sugary Mints History
Have you ever wonder about the facts of the sugary candy called breath mints and the reason they
turn your mouth cold Well this essay is for you. it has what the mint is, history about mints, type of
mint flavors and everything else about mints. I would recommend reading this because candys cool.
Mint scientifically called Mentha is Herbaceous plant that belongs to the family Lamiaceae. Mint is
small plant that can reach 4 to 47 inches in height. The stem is square–shaped and divided in nodes.
The mint can come as many different flavors such as, peppermint, spearmint, pennyroyal.
In the 1950's, the perfect combination of mint and candy was combined: American Chicle
introduced Certs to the world. Toothpaste and mouthwash were not portable

Chemical Structure- Steroid Lactone
Chemical Structure
It was in the year 1979 a steroid lactone which was termed as Brassinosteroid was isolated from
pollen of Brassica napus (Grove et al, 1979). Later its structure was determined by different
spectroscopic analysis mainly by NMR, EI–MS, FAB–MS and also by X–ray diffraction, which was
found to be (22R, 23R, 24S)–2α, 3α, 22, 23, tetrahydroxy–24–methyl–β–homo–7–oxa–5α–
cholestan–6–one. Since the discovery of brassinosteroid more than 69 naturally occurring
compounds of this hormone family has been discovered. (Yokota 1999a) BR's are derived from a
common 5–choleston skeleton and the structural difference which is present in the different
members of this hormone family mainly comes from the side chain present in A/B ring and also
from different functional groups present in the ring which is shown in the figure ( Yokota, 1995,
1997).
From– The chemical characteristic and distribution of brassinosteroids in plants
Natural Occurrence and Distribution in the Plant Kingdom
Brassinosteroid molecules although present at low concentration in plants but still they have been
reported throughout the plant kingdom and also they are broadly distributed from lower to higher
plants. They have also found to be present in different plant organs such as flowers, anthers, seeds,
pollens, roots, stems, leaves and grains, although brassinosteroid level varies among them according
to organ type and tissue age. Like young and growing shoots contain higher brassinosteroids as

The Practice and Participation of Alternative Medicine Essay
The practice and participation of alternative medicine or complementary medicine is becoming more
and more accepted, accessible, and utilized on a worldwide scale. Some possibilities to explain this
are the perception of alternative medications and therapies as being more effective when reversing
or treating chronic conditions and having fewer and less harmful or painful side effects as the
pharmaceuticals which the majority of doctors prescribe to their patients in need (Belew, 1999).
Estimations have been systematically calculated claiming that the earth contains approximately
600,000 species of plants with only five percent of them investigated chemically or
pharmacologically (Bunce,1987). During current times, many have shifted ... Show more content on
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This root is not intended for use during pregnancy in fact it is not advised so avoidance of this plant
during pregnancy is highly recommended. Other than the removing of its use during pregnancy, no
health hazards are documented with the intake of appropriate measurements although minor lower
intestinal discomforts may occur if consumed in doses over what is instructed. Common forms that
False Unicorn Root is administered with are liquid extracts which are most often resorted to (Milner,
et al., 2001), tinctures, and capsules containing dried residues. False Unicorn Root is a key
ingredient in numerous medicinally compiled phytotherapeutic supplementation products that focus
on the relief of undesirable symptomatology experienced during the months of pregnancy. The exact
purpose of this plant (medicinally speaking) and the reason behind the use of it is to treat female
reproductive health problems including side effects during pregnancy and pain inflicting or unusual
menstruation (Matovic et al., 2011). Additional uses of the medically active portions of the plant are
described as strengthening and cleansing of male reproductive organs and the prevention of
miscarriage. Some minor contributors to the alleged beneficial outcome after its consumption are the
contents of essential minerals such as copper, sulphur, cadminium, cobalt, zinc, and molybdenum;
All of which are factors in the plants

Bee Hiving Scenarios
Scenario One: In this scenario, a student decides to test the accuracy of an advertisement from a
fertilizer company. The ad says their fertilizer increases the growth of a tomato plant by 25%. This is
an incorrect method of advertisement since you should never put a guarantee within an ad, but that's
not very relevant. The student decides to run the following experiment to test the advertising claim:
1. Choose three similar–sized tomato plants.
2. Plant each tomato plant in a small pot.
3. Place all three small pots into one container and place on a window sill.
4. Add fertilizer mixed with water to Plants 1 and 2.
5. Add only water to Plant 3.
6. Record the heights of the three plants after four weeks.
The student finishes her experiment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When more and more of these "Green standards" became incorporated, the numbers rose up (2013).
Works Cited
Doran, J.W., and T.B. Parkin. "Soil Quality Indicators: Measures of Soil Functional State." Soil
Quality: Indicators. SSSA, Inc., 1996. Web. 08 Sept. 2015.
Lean, Geofrey, and Harriet Shawcross. "Are Mobile Phones Wiping out Our Bees?" The
Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, 15 Apr. 2007. Web. 08 Sept. 2015.
Syngenta. "Bee Population Rising around the World." Bee Population Rising around the World. AG
Professional, 19 Jan. 2015. Web. 08 Sept. 2015.
Woody, Todd. "Scientists Discover What's Killing the Bees and It's Worse than You Thought."
Quartz News. N.p., 24 July 2013. Web. 08 Sept.

Viola Odorata's
In a controlled experiment, how is a plants growth affected by its surroundings? Environmental
factors such as light, water, temperature, and nutrition all take part in plant growth. But do plants
affect each other? If there are three Viola odorata's in a container, then they will grow faster and
more efficiently compared to a container holding nine Viola odorata's whereas they would most
likely absorb more water and other environmental factors.
A Viola odorata is an annual plant that is also known as a sweet violet 'Wellsiana'. These plants
naturally complete their life cycles in about the span of one growing season; in which the plant
sprouts, grows, flowers, sets seed and then dies. Some annuals, including Viola's, thrive in cold
weather ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is not to be confused with plant fertilization which is a common mistake. For normal growth
plants are in need of these eighteen elements: hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen which are found in air
and water. The next six elements are known as macronutrients: nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus,
calcium, sulfur, and magnesium which are found in soil. The last nine elements are called the
micronutrients: iron, zinc, molybdenum, nickel, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, and chlorine
which are found in the soil. All these elements are crucial. Majority of the plants nutrients are
dissolved in water and immersed by the roots. Active absorption is important and essential for the
plant to grow healthy, but the nutrients can be absorbed passively. Some factors that may affect the
absorption of nutrients throughout the roots are the soil pH, type of ion, solubility of ion pairs,
oxygen, water, soil, sugar supply, temperature, and plant stress.
In conclusion, if a container holds a total of three Viola odorata's and absorb more water and other
environmental factors that contribute to plant growth and development, then they will grow faster
and more efficiently than a container that carries nine Viola odorata's that will take in less water,
sunlight, and nutrients since they are all fighting for it. The fact that all the environmental factors
play such a key role in plant growth signifies their importance and the very reason that plants would
die without

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