LESSON 3 THIS IS HOW IT IS BUILT!!!!!pdf
- 1. LESSON 3 This Is How It Is Built! LESSON 3 This Is How It Is Built!
- 2. Describe the relationship among the concepts of earthquake, volcanism, and orogeny Demonstrate how plate tectonics forms the basis for the geologic activities during earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain formations. OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES
- 4. The shaking of the ground caused by tremendous release of energy due to pressure in Earth’s crust. EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE
- 5. Tectonic plate movement causes the most inducing stress activity for earthquakes to occur. EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE
- 6. Fault - the slipping of a block of Earth’s crust with another block, also causes a sudden shake in the surface of Earth (rocks break) EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE
- 7. Hypocenter/focu s - origin at which the earthquake occurs. EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE
- 8. Epicenter - the point directly above the focus on the surface. EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE
- 9. 1. BODY WAVE a. Primary waves / Compressional waves - travel through interior of the earth and through solid and fluid materials. SEISMIC WAVES SEISMIC WAVES
- 10. 1. BODY WAVE a. Primary waves / Compressional Wave - Faster than s-wave, because it travels faster it is the first to arrive at any seismic station, making it first to detected wave that the earthquake produces. SEISMIC WAVES SEISMIC WAVES
- 11. 1. BODY WAVE a.Primary waves - Longitudinal, forward and backward manner as it propagates horizontally. SEISMIC WAVES SEISMIC WAVES
- 12. 1. BODY WAVE b. Secondary waves / Transverse Waves- travels through solid materials only within the interior of the Earth. SEISMIC WAVES SEISMIC WAVES
- 13. 1. BODY WAVE b. Secondary waves / Transverse Waves - Its vibration are perpendicular to the direction of the motion of the waves. SEISMIC WAVES SEISMIC WAVES
- 14. 2. SURFACE WAVE Occurs on the surface of the lithosphere. a. Love wave - sweep the surface in a side - side movement. SEISMIC WAVES SEISMIC WAVES
- 15. 2. SURFACE WAVE Occurs on the surface of the lithosphere. a. Love wave SEISMIC WAVES SEISMIC WAVES
- 16. 2. SURFACE WAVE Occurs on the surface of the lithosphere. b. Rayleigh wave - shake the ground in an up-and-down movement, similar to ocean. SEISMIC WAVES SEISMIC WAVES
- 17. 2. SURFACE WAVE Occurs on the surface of the lithosphere. b. Rayleigh wave SEISMIC WAVES SEISMIC WAVES
- 18. The instrument that detects and measures seismic waves. The internal part of seismograph is called the seismometer SEISMOGRAPH SEISMOGRAPH
- 19. MAGNITUDE - quantitative measures of the amount of energy released by an earthquake. RICHTER SCALE - most common scale for the magnitude of an earthquake. MAGNETIDE AND INTENSITY MAGNETIDE AND INTENSITY
- 20. INTENSITY- strength of ground shaking during an earthquake. MODIFIED MERCALII INTENSITY SCALE MAGNETIDE AND INTENSITY MAGNETIDE AND INTENSITY
- 22. The process wherein magma escapes from Earth’s interior to form cool and hard rocks. VOLCANISM VOLCANISM
- 23. VOLCANO - is a landform with an opening at its tip. LAVA - magma that has finally reached the surface VOLCANISM VOLCANISM
- 24. EXTRUSIVE VOLCANISM - When it flows on the surface of earth INTRUSIVE VOLCANISM - entrapped lava flow that does not reach the surface VOLCANISM VOLCANISM
- 25. VISCOSITY - magma’s ability to flow The more viscosity, the greater the resistance to flow, means it will flow more slowly. A fluid with low viscosity, flows easily. VOLCANISM VOLCANISM
- 26. 2 types of lava flows 1. aa - rough and jagged, and is dangerous due to its sharp edges. 2.pahoehoe - flows smooth-surfaced chracteristics. VOLCANISM VOLCANISM
- 27. OROGENY OROGENY
- 28. The process of mountain building. MOUNTAIN - large surface feature that rises above its relative MOUNTAIN RANGES - series of mountain chains. OROGENY OROGENY
- 29. The first type of mountain is the island arc-type mountain building - deep-ocean trenches and volcanic arc (above the ocean floor) OROGENY OROGENY
- 30. Island arc - occurs when 2 oceanic plates converge. OROGENY OROGENY
- 31. Continental volcanic arc - compression of the crust above the other in the collision process (it appears on the surface of the lithosphere plate) OROGENY OROGENY
- 33. FOLDING FOLDING
- 34. happens when a force compresses the crust, causing the crust to bend from its sides. (bending of rock without breakage) FOLDING FOLDING
- 35. DIFFERENT DIFFERENT TYPES OF TYPES OF GEOLOGIC FOLDS GEOLOGIC FOLDS
- 36. 1. ANTICLINE - peak of any folded rock layer. DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOLOGIC DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOLOGIC FOLDS CAN BE FOUND IN MOUNTAINS FOLDS CAN BE FOUND IN MOUNTAINS
- 37. 2. SYNCLINE - which is trough – the lowest point of the fold. DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOLOGIC DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOLOGIC FOLDS CAN BE FOUND IN MOUNTAINS FOLDS CAN BE FOUND IN MOUNTAINS
- 38. 3. TIGHT FOLD - sharp-peaked anticline fold. DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOLOGIC DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOLOGIC FOLDS CAN BE FOUND IN MOUNTAINS FOLDS CAN BE FOUND IN MOUNTAINS
- 39. 4. OVERFOLD - bending or warping of rock layers. DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOLOGIC DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOLOGIC FOLDS CAN BE FOUND IN MOUNTAINS FOLDS CAN BE FOUND IN MOUNTAINS
- 40. 5. RECUMBENT FOLD - result of too much bending that no vertical regions can be seen. DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOLOGIC DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOLOGIC FOLDS CAN BE FOUND IN MOUNTAINS FOLDS CAN BE FOUND IN MOUNTAINS
- 41. 6. NAPPE - a fold that has overturned, causing rock layers to be fractured. DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOLOGIC DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOLOGIC FOLDS CAN BE FOUND IN MOUNTAINS FOLDS CAN BE FOUND IN MOUNTAINS
- 43. fracture between two blocks of rock (break or fracture) FAULTING FAULTING
- 46. horizontal line that is drawn in the sloping surface. STRIKE STRIKE
- 47. rock that falls above the fault line. HANGING WALL HANGING WALL
- 48. rock that falls under the fault line FOOT WALL FOOT WALL
- 50. movement of hanging wall DIP-SLIP FAULT DIP-SLIP FAULT
- 51. whose hanging wall falls down the surface of the earth NORMAL FAULT NORMAL FAULT
- 52. if the movement of the hanging wall is upward REVERSED FAULT REVERSED FAULT
- 53. when a fault on the surface causes the rock to move horizontally, it occurs with little or no vertical movement STRIKE-SLIP FAULT STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
- 54. Conclusion Conclusion Disaster preparedness is everyone's responsibility. AWARENESS + PREPAREDNESS = SAFETY Take action now before it's too late. Thank You, Thank You, Any Question? Any Question?