LESSON-4-ANTI-GLOBALIZATIONwgrhrehgWT4WTWERG
- 2. The anti-globalization movement is not simply a reaction against globalization but a proactive movement for global democracy and justice. It seeks to create a more equitable and sustainable world. The movement targets neoliberal globalization, a model based on unfettered markets and free trade, which critics argue has led to economic inequality and environmental degradation. The anti-globalization movement is a diverse and pluralistic movement, encompassing a range of perspectives and concerns. It is often referred to as the global justice movement or the alter- globalization movement. What Is Anti-Globalization?
- 3. When Did Anti-Globalization Begin? The Battle of Seattle (1999) The "Battle of Seattle" in 1999 is widely considered the unofficial start of the anti- globalization movement. Protests against the World Trade Organization (WTO) shut down the city, highlighting concerns about the organization's impact on labor, environmental, and human rights standards. J18 (1999) One of the first international anti- globalization protests, organized in dozens of cities around the world on June 18, 1999, coincided with the G8 Summit in Cologne, Germany. This event, known as the Carnival against Capital or J18, further galvanized the movement. Early Protests Protests against the WTO and other global institutions continued to grow in the years following the Battle of Seattle, demonstrating the increasing momentum of the anti- globalization movement.
- 4. Causes of Anti- Globalization Movement Corporatist Agenda Many anti-globalization activists see globalization as promoting a corporatist agenda that restricts individual freedom in the pursuit of profit. Unequal Globalization Critics argue that globalization has led to the globalization of money and companies but not of people and labor unions, exacerbating inequality and exploitation. Undermining Local Decision-Making Anti-globalization activists believe that international agreements and institutions like the IMF and WTO undermine local decision- making and autonomy. Addressing Disadvantages The movement aims to address the negative consequences of globalization, such as exploitation of developing countries, environmental harm, and increasing global inequality.
- 5. PROS AND CONS OF GLOBALIZATION PROS CONS Globalization broadens access to goods and services Workers can lose jobs to countries with low-cost labor Globalization can lift people out of poverty Globalization hasn't protected labor, environmental or human rights Globalization increases cultural awareness Globalization empowers multinational corporations Information and technology spread more easilywith globalization Gap between rich and poor
- 6. Criticisms Disorganization Critics argue that the anti- globalization movement lacks coherent goals and suffers from conflicting views among different groups of protestors. Lack of Solutions Critics point to the movement's lack of detailed solutions and effective action implementation, questioning its ability to bring about meaningful change. Violence and Misuse of Force Critics highlight instances of violence and terrorism associated with the movement, as well as the misuse of police force and the resulting casualties.
- 7. Capitalism Private Ownership Capitalism is an economic system where private entities own and control the means of production, aiming to generate profit. Free Markets Capitalism relies on free markets where supply and demand determine prices, theoretically leading to efficient resource allocation. Economic Growth Capitalism is often associated with economic growth, technological innovation, and increased productivity, leading to a wider availability of consumer goods. Criticisms Despite its benefits, capitalism faces criticism for its potential to create inequality, environmental damage, and exploitative labor practices.
- 8. Why Do People Oppose Capitalism? Grounds for Opposing Capitalism Explanation Environmental Harm Capitalism's focus on profit can lead to environmental degradation and unsustainable practices. Ignoring Social Needs Critics argue that capitalism prioritizes profit over social needs, neglecting issues like healthcare and education. Wealth Inequality Capitalism can exacerbate wealth inequality, concentrating wealth in the hands of a few while leaving many in poverty. Ineffectiveness and Instability Critics argue that capitalism is prone to economic crises and instability, leading to cycles of boom and bust. Unequal Opportunity Capitalism can perpetuate inequality by limiting opportunities for those without access to resources or capital.
- 9. Why Does It Make Sense To Be Anti-Capitalist? Moral Justness Anti-capitalists argue that their stance is morally just, seeking to address the injustices and harms inherent in the capitalist system. Lack of Success They contend that capitalism has failed to improve the lives of many people, particularly those at the bottom of the economic ladder. Seeking Alternatives Anti-capitalists believe that a fundamental shift away from capitalism is necessary to create a more equitable and sustainable future.
- 10. Origin of Anti-Globalization in Asia Critique of Globalization Practices The anti-globalization movement in Asia does not oppose globalization itself but criticizes the way it has been implemented, leading to unfair and detrimental conditions in many nations. Corporate Power and Exploitation Activists argue that multinational corporations have gained excessive power and wealth at the expense of developing nations, exploiting low-wage workers and contributing to poverty. Job Displacement Globalization has led to job displacement in industrialized countries as corporations seek cheaper labor in developing nations, exacerbating unemployment and economic hardship.
- 11. Southeast Asian Movements against Globalization Philippines The National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP) has been a prominent force in the anti-globalization movement, advocating for social justice and economic equality. Japan While the anti- globalization movement in Japan is less prominent than in other Southeast Asian countries, groups like ATTAC have emerged to raise awareness about the issues. Malaysia The Malaysian anti- globalization movement is divided into two factions, one focusing on globalization itself and the other advocating for a combined pro-democracy and anti-globalization approach. Indonesia The anti-globalization movement in Indonesia faces challenges due to political instability and the influence of international institutions like the World Bank and IMF.