LESSON 4 CPAR ARCHITECTURES FOR GRADE 12
- 3. Architecture is considered to be one of the most functional branches of the visual arts. We can freely see architecture in our surroundings because architecture involves designing the form of a building while allowing the building to serve its function. It is considered to be the “art to inhabit.”
- 4. Francisco Mañosa a Filipino architect considered as one of the most influential Filipino architects of the 20th century, in designing homes and buildings. In addition to that, they sought ways to express these traditions and values in architecture.
- 6. FORMS OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 1. Domestic Buildings and Houses 2. Ethnic Houses 3. Commercial buildings 4. Government buildings 5. Public Buildings and Structures 6. Other Forms and structures
- 8. Domestic Buildings and Houses 1. Apartment - This refers to a building composed of many residences called units. This is usually built in populated urban areas. Condominiums are larger offshoots of apartments.
- 9. YAHBA AN OBTA BAHAY NA BATO
- 10. Domestic Buildings and Houses 2. Bahay na Bato - The bahay na bato is considered to be a residence of the wealthy. A typical two- storey bahay na bato generally has a ground floor that is made of brick or stone, and has a wooden upper level.
- 12. Domestic Buildings and Houses 3. Barong-barong - are houses of the landless poor that are built on any land or area. These are usually found near the esteros, riverbanks, and bayshores; spaces along high walls, railroad tracks; spaces near abandoned buildings, and garbage dumps; or any vacant lot.
- 14. Domestic Buildings and Houses 4. Bungalow This refers to one-story house with a wide front porch and large windows. It may also have a terrace, which may be roofed or not.
- 15. Ethnic Houses 1. Bahay Kubo - The bahay kubo is considered as an ethnic house of Christian peasant families living in the lowland areas. This is typically owned by families belonging in low income groups.
- 16. Ethnic Houses 2. Houseboat - The houseboat is basically a boat that also serves as dwelling. The Badjaos or Sama Laut typically reside in houseboats.
- 17. Ethnic Houses 3. One-and-a-Half Story House - The one-and-a-half story is characterized by an upper level or story covering just a half of the lower level.
- 18. Ethnic Houses 4. Split-level House - The split-level house in the Philippines has two main levels. The lower level houses has the kitchen, living and dining areas, while the upper level has the bedrooms. These levels are separated by about half or less- than-half a story.
- 19. Ethnic Houses 5. Tsalet - The term tsalet came from the term “chalet” which refers to a peasant house in Switzerland that has upper levels jutting over the lower levels, a steep roof and a decorated gable.
- 20. Commercial Buildings 1. Market (Palengke) This refers to a place or building for buying and selling goods. This is also referred to as tindahan, and tiyangge. Nowadays, the palengke has evolved into the supermarket, which puts the wet market and the grocery together in the same complex.
- 21. Commercial Buildings 2. Buildings that house banks, business offices, and factories These buildings have plain wall surfaces and large windows. These also have bold rectangular forms and clean lines.
- 22. Government Buildings 1. Capitol (Kapitolyo) This refers to the building of the provincial government. Most of the kapitolyo in the country use columns and pediments in the exterior of the buildings.
- 23. Government Buildings 2. Town Hall (Munisipyo) This refers to the building of the municipal government. The offices of the mayor, the municipal council, the municipal court and jail, and other important offices such as the municipal registrar’s office are located here.
- 24. Public Buildings and Structures 1. School (Eskwelahan) This refers to a place where young people are educated to become productive members of the community. The most common style of the eskwelahan is American-influenced, which featured a concrete structure elevated on stilts.
- 25. Public Buildings and Structures 2. Kamalig The Kamalig is the Tagalog term for a building used for storing grain. This is considered to be the most economically significant structure among the tribes in Northern Philippines. In some provinces, especially those in the lowland areas, the bahay kubo or nipa hut can be used as a form of kamalig.
- 26. Public Buildings and Structures 3. Masjid The masjid or mosque refers to a place of worship of the Muslims. A typical Philippine mosque has the following features: a tower called minaret, a prayer niche called mihrab , the dome, arches that are reinforced with pillars, and a pulpit called mimbar.
- 27. Public Buildings and Structures 4. Cemetery (Sementeryo) The cemetery is a place where people bury the dead. It has other names, such as kampo santo, pantyon, and libingan. A cemetery had a small chapel and vaults or nichos surrounding the chapel. Nowadays, memorial parks are developed.
- 28. Public Buildings and Structures 5. Church (Simbahan) The simbahan is a place of worship for a Christian congregation. How a church was designed usually depends on the religious denomination it belongs.
- 29. Public Buildings and Structures 6. Movie House (Sinehan) The sinehan is a place where people watch film or motion pictures.
- 30. Public Buildings and Structures 7. Theatre (Teatro) The teatro is a building for dance, musical, and theatrical presentations. This is different from an auditorium because the teatro is essentially a separate building compared to the former.
- 31. Other Forms and Structures 1. Fort (Kuta) These are structures that are built to defend a community against enemies. These are usually found in areas with natural barriers, such as cliffs, hills, narrow passes, mountains, and waters.
- 32. Other Forms and Structures 2. Lighthouse (Parola) The lighthouse is a structure built on an island, peninsula, or rock to ensure that ships will be able to pass through a narrow area safely.
- 33. Other Forms and Structures 3. Bridge (Tulay) The tulay is a horizontal structure that serves as a passageway between two areas separated by a body of water, a hollow area, or a road.
- 34. Government Buildings 1. Capitol (Kapitolyo) 2. Town Hall (Munisipyo)
- 35. Public Buildings and Structures 1. School (Eskwelahan) 2. Kamalig 3. Masjid 4. Cemetery (Sementeryo) 5. Church (Simbahan) 6. Movie House (Sinehan) 7. Theatre (Teatro)
- 36. Other Forms and Structures 1. Fort (Kuta) 2. Lighthouse (Parola) 3. Bridge (Tulay)
- 37. ACTIVITY : ARCHITECTURE Instructions: From the different forms of architecture, Choose 1 to draw and explain it.
- 38. CRITERIA FOR GRADING CONTENT- 4 CREATIVITY- 3 EXPLANATION-3 10 PTS.
- 39. Activity : ½ CROSSWISE 1. What is Architecture? 2. What is the importance of Architecture in our everyday living ? 3. Can you describe the arrangement and construction of your own house.
Editor's Notes
- #3: - the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction.
- #5: Throughout Philippines history, both foreign and Filipino architects introduce innovations when it comes to creating buildings and large structures
- #9: Nowadays, in order to maximize the use of space and because of the increased buying power of the population, condominiums were developed. These condominiums are larger offshoots of apartments.
- #16: The Bahay Kubo is a house built using local materials such as wood, bamboo and nipa grass.
- #17: DWELLING -A dwelling is a home — where someone lives.
- #18: This may also become a split-level house if half of the ground level is higher in such a way that it is halfway between the ground level and the upper level. - is a detached home that has a second floor that is about half the size of the main floor, but is off to one side.
- #19: split-level homes have three or more levels or floors while bi-level homes only have two.
- #20: The Philippine tsalet refers to a suburban house that has one story, a two-story house with living quarters on the upper level, or an elevated one-story house. a type of house or cottage made of wood with a heavy, gentle sloping roof and wide edges set at right angles in the front. European-inspired home,