Lesson in art part 2 Q1 and Q2 by S. will

Walk Through on G10 Arts
Quarter 2
TECHNOLOGY – BASED ARTS

ACTIVITY
Spot the Difference:
Identify the differences of the following
pictures.

ANALYSIS
What did you observe from the
activity? Did you have a hard time
identifying the pictures?
Why?

Technology – Based Arts
TBA includes …
1. Computer/Digital Arts
2. Mobile Phone Art
3. Computer – Generated Images
4. Digital Photography
5. Video Games/Digital Painting/Imaging Videos

Technology – Based Arts
TBA is essentially computer-generated
or manipulated. Today’s computer artists
employ the ever-expanding powers of
image manipulation programs and
applications to create their works which
can appear in an entire range of media –
whether as a physical output or a virtual
experience.

Computer/Digital Arts
Computer/Digital Arts make
use of electronic and mechanical
devices, rather than the artist’s
own hand.

Polygon Drawings
Frieder Nake, 1965

Mountain and Staurolyte
Ronald Davis, 1997

Computer Programs and Applications:
1. Gimp (GNU Image Manipulation Program)
2. Paint.net
3. Inkscape
4. Xara Extreme
5. Artweaver
6. Draw Plus
7. Pencil
8. Picasa

9. Paint Star
10. Smooth Draw
11. Spray
12. Karbon
13. Adobe Photoshop
14. Corel Paintshop Pro X5

Things We Can Do:
1. Re – size
2. Crop
3. Skew/Warp
4. Rotate
5. Flip
6. Adjust brightness
7. Adjust sharpness
8. Change colors

Things We Can Do:
9. Gray scale
10. Sepia
11. Apply a texture
12. Superimpose text
13. Apply frames
14. Crop

SAMPLE OF EDITING ON A COMPUTER

•In photography there are no
definite rules. However to
enhance your photos and shots
there are guidelines which are
very useful.
•The only rule in photography is
that Sthere are absolutely no
rules.

PHOTOGRAP
HY• Photograph
y
is the science, art and practice of
creating durable images by recording light or other
electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by
means of an image sensor, or chemically by means
of a light-sensitive material such as
photographic film.

PHOTOGRAPH
Y
• Comes from the Greek word “phōtos”
which means light and “graphé” which
means “drawing”.
• Together they mean drawing with light

THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPH
(1826)
The first photograph, or the
earliest known surviving
photograph was taken by
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce,
in 1826. The image depicts
the view from an upstairs
window at Niépce's estate,
Le Gras, in France. It is
taken with a camera
obscure (pinhole camera)

THE EARLIEST CAMERA
(1840)
The first camera invented was mad by
Alexander Wolcott - his camera design
was patented on May 8th, 1840. His
invention made it possible for candid
photos to be taken and not fade away
with time. He also has the distinction of
opening the earliest photography shop –
that was known as a dagurran parlor –
in New York City.

THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPH OF A HuMAn ”BOuLEvARd
du TEMPLE” (PARIS, 1838)
•
Boulevard du Temple, taken
by Louis Daguerre in late 1838,
was the first-ever photograph of
a person. It is an image of a busy
street, but because exposure time
was over ten minutes, the city
traffic was moving too much to
appear.
The exception is a man in the
bottom left corner, who stood
still getting his boots polished
long enough to show up in the
picture.

THE FIRST LIGHT PICTuRE And HuMAn
POTRAIT EvER TAkEn [OCT,nOv 1839]
❖ Robert Cornelius, self-portrait,
Oct. or Nov. 1839,
approximate quarter plate
daguerreotype which is a
procedure invented in 1839
using silver on a copper plate.
The back reads, “The first
light picture ever taken.”
This self-portrait is the first
photographic portrait image of
a human ever produced.

First Color PhotograPh [1861]
❖ Although color photography was
explored throughout the 19th
century, initial experiments in
color resulted in projected
temporary images, rather than
permanent color images.
Moreover until the 1870s the
emulsions available were not
sensitive to red or green light.The
first color photo, an additive
projected image of a tartan ribbon,
was taken in 1861 by the Scottish
physicist James Clerk Maxwell.

First high sPeed PhotograPh [1878]
•
In 1887, using a series of trip wires,
Eadweard Muybridge created the first
high speed photo series which can be
run together to give the effect of
motion pictures. High speed
photography is the science of taking
pictures of very fast phenomena. In
1948, the Society of Motion Picture
and Television Engineers (SMPTE)
defined high-speed photography as
any set of photographs captured by a
camera capable of 128 frames per
second or greater, and of at least
three consecutive frames.

iNtrodUCtioN
A CAMERA is a device that records images, either as a
still photograph or as moving images known as videos
or movies.
A device for taking photographs by letting light from an
image fall briefly onto sensitized film, usually by
means of a lens-and-shutter mechanism.
➢ The term camera comes from the word camera
obscura
(Latin for "dark chamber")
➢ An early mechanism of projecting images where an
entire room functioned as a real-time imaging system
➢ The modern camera evolved from the camera obscura.

historY
➢ Alhazen (Ibn Al-Haytham) invented
the
Camera Obscura in AD 1021 and explained why
the images were upside down.
➢ The first camera that was small and portable
enough for practical use was built by Johann Zahn
in 1685.
➢ The first permanent photograph was made in 1826
by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.
➢ The first colour photograph was made by Scottish

woRKing oF
CAMeRA
•As Light wave enters the lens at an angle , it
bends in One direction. It bends again when it
exits the lens due to space b/w glass & air……
1St Lens 2nd Lens

TYPES OF
CAMERA
FOLDING
CAMERA
BROWNIE
BOX
CAMERA
VIEW
CAMERA
POLAROID
INSTANCE
CAMERA

Folding Camera
➢ Compact design and movable
bellows
➢ Have been in use for many
years.
➢ Lens incorporated into bellows,
which is slid back and forth to
change focus.
➢ Dark cloth blocks out
undesirable light

BroWnie BoX Camera
➢ Earliest cameras used by the
general public.
➢ Relatively simple in design and
operation.
➢ Consist wooden or plastic box,
Drop-blade shutter, Holding
device for the film.
➢ Easy operation makes it
popular camera for casual
photographers.

VieW Camera
➢ Used for portrait and still-
life photography.
➢ Geared track, precision
lenses,long bellows make
the camera fairly
complicated.
➢ Capture difficult subjects
such as buildings with a
minimum of distortion.

Camera lenSeS
➢ The camera lens owes to the human eye.
➢ The lens focuses a parallel light beam to form
an inverted image.
➢ Lenses helps to avoid blurredness and far-off
photographs can be easily taken.
➢ Focal length of lens affects the field of view,
magnification, and depth of field of a lens.
➢ Light in weight and compact.
Available in the best brands.

TYPeS oF lenSeS
Range (in mm) Known as Properties
20 to 35 Wide-angle lenses Provide greater depth of
field and include larger
angle of view but provide
relatively low magnification.
45 to 55 Normal lenses Produce an image that can
be clearly seen by human
eye.
Constrict the field of view
and decrease the depth
of field.
Can be adjusted
continuously between two
fixed limits.
Approx. 85 Telephoto lenses
More than 85 Zoom lens

A digital camera contains
hundreds of parts but it is
important to understand the most
essential parts of the camera that
you will have to deal with as you
explore its features.

Body – made up of high grade plastic or metal. It holds all the
other parts together and provides protection to the delicate
internal parts of a camera.
Lens assembly – consists of several layers of lenses of varying
properties which allows for zoom, the ability of a camera to
magnify or demagnify an image to a certain range.
•The lenses also permit focusing and correcting distortion.
Focusing – is a process at which the camera lenses are moved
until the subject becomes clear and very sharp.
Mode dial – this part contains several symbols which allow you
to select a shooting mode, automatic or manual, or a choice
between one of the predefined settings.

Mode
dial
Flash
mount
Shutter
release
buttonFlash
Body
Lens
assem
bly
Apert
ure
ring
Focusin
g
ring

Flash mount (hot-shoe) – this is the standard holder with contact
plates for optional flash accessory.
Shutter release button – this is the ͞trigger͟ or the Đaŵera ǁhiĐh
iŶitiates the
image capturing process.
Flash – this part is usually built-in on the body of the camera. It
provides an
instantaneous burst of bright light to illuminate a poorly lit scene.
Aperture ring – this part is found around the old manual lens of SLR
camera which functions as a way to select an aperture opening.
Focusing ring – this also found around the lens of DSLR camera. This
is turned manually to focus the lens.

APERTURE
An aperture of the camera is a hole or an opening
through which light is admitted.

Viewfinder – this is a small viewing window that
shows the image that
the Đaŵera’s iŵagiŶg seŶsor sees.
LCD display – this is the small screen at the back of
the camera used for framing or for reviewing
recorded images.
Control buttons – this comprises a set of directional
keys and a few other buttons to activate certain
functions and menus. This is used to let the users
iŶteraĐt ǁith the Đaŵera’s Đoŵputer sǇsteŵ.
Zoom control – this is usually marked with W (wide)
and T (tele). This part alloǁs the user to ĐoŶtrol the
Đaŵera’s leŶses to zooŵ-out. For DSLR cameras, the

Viewfind
er
LCD
display
Contro
l
button
s
Zoom
control

Power switch – this part turns on or off the camera. This
may also
contain a record/play mode selector on some cameras.

Battery compartment – this part holds the
batteries. The size and shape of battery
compartment differ in every camera model.
Memory card slot – this is where expansion
memory cards are inserted. The proper position of
the card is often indicated. A mechanical catch
usually holds the card in place and a spring helps it
eject.
Tripod mount – this part allows the user to attach
or monopod for
added stability.

Battery
compartme
nt
Memory
card slot
Tripo
d
mou
nt

Diopt
er
adjust
er
Diopter adjuster – this part is usually available in mid to
high end sub- compact cameras and DSLRs. This is
located beside the viewfinder. This varies the focal
length of the lens in the viewfinder in order for people
wearing eyeglasses see clearly through it even without
the eyeglasses.

Elements of a Good Photograph by
Jan DeVille
Composition
Composing a good photograph can be
accomplished by clearing your mind and
viewing the image as a whole.
•Focus on the entire scene as opposed to the
main
subject
•Taking moment to breathe, pause and
evaluate the details in the photograph

Rule of Thirds
•It is one of the first things taught in any
photography program.
•To employ the rule of thirds in your
photography, mentally divide up your
frame into three distinct vertical sections
and three distinct horizontal sections.
Then when composing your photograph,
keep the action and important figures
confined to where those sections overlap.

The Rule of Thirds is a basic principle
of photographic composition we should
know. It’s so simple rule that allows even
novice user to create a good composition
in a simple and effective way.
The method consists in dividing the image
into 3 equal parts, horizontally as vertically,
resulting in a grid like this:

Example:
Lake landscape – the sky in the upper
third, the tree in
the middle third and the water in the
lower third.
•The Rule of Thirds divides up the
landscape and framing the
road leads the eye to the mountains.

Framing
FraŵiŶg is used to draǁ Ǉour ǀieǁer’s eǇe to
the suďjeĐt of the photograph. It can also be
used to take natural elements to frame your
subject.
• Be careful not to let the frame overpower
the photograph or
detract from your subject.

Lighting
•Lighting can make or break a
photograph.
•The sun can be your best friend when
shooting outdoors.
•Indoors, things become a bit trickier
•Using natural light is preferable

Exposure
• Proper exposure is vital for creating a good photograph
• Overexposure photos have their white areas blown out,
which washes out the picture
• Underexposure photographs can be very dark
• Most modern cameras have a built-in exposure meter,
and even point-and- shoot cameras will usually set your
exposure automatically once you focused on your
subject.
Example:
Silhouette photograph – a picture of something showing it
as a dark shape on a light background.
• You may have to expose for the sunlight behind your
subject as opposed to any light on the subject itself, and
then lock in your exposure before setting your focus.

Rule of thirds :
 This is where your frame is divided into 9 equal
segments exactly like a naughts and crosses board.
You should position the most important
elements/objects in the photo where the lines
intersect/ cross over. Most cameras offer you to
allow a 9 square grid to allow you to use the rule of
thirds rule to make it even easier.

Balancing Elements:
 To create a more interesting photo , placing your
main object off centre usually works but can
make the photo feel a bit isolated. So to solve
this add a less important object in the
background so the empty space is filled.

Leading Lines:
 To enhance your photos composition adding lines
can pull the audiences attention towards the
main subject. There are many different types of
line including radical, curvy , zigzag , diagonal
and of course straight lines.

Symmetry and Patterns:
 Eye catching compositions can be
successfully made by using focal points
and breaking the patterns in photos
sometimes.

VIEWPOINTS:
 Viewpoints can massively effect the
composition of the photo taken so shoot
from different angles from high to low from
side to side to get interesting shots.

Backgrounds:
 A poor background can impact on the centre focus
of the photo which makes it lack impact but having
a plain but simple background will be effective and
the background wont distract or detract from the
subject.

Depth:
The human eye automatically
detects different layers in
depths and naturally separates
these layers out creating more
depth.

Framing:
By framing your selected photo
the result is a more focused
image which the main point of
interest is drawn into by your eye.

Cropping:
 By cropping your image , any excess
background wanted to be not shown may be
taken out to make the image more
aesthetically pleasing to the viewer grabbing
their attention more.

Experimentation:
 As technology our days is very advanced with our
cameras , we don't have to worry about running out
of shots , you can fire as many shots needed then
delete the unwanted shots so you have got a variety
of similar shots you can choose from.

CLOSE-UP
 A picture which shows a fairly small part of the scene, such as a
character's face, in great detail so that it fills the screen
 A framing in which the scale of the object shown is relatively
large.
 In a close-up a person's head, or some other similarly sized
object, will fill the frame.
 These shots can be used to stress the importance of a particular
character at a particular moment in a film or place her or him as
central to the narrative by singling out the character in CU at the
beginning of the film.
 Connotation: This shot creates intimacy between the characters.

EXTREME CLOSE-UP
 A framing in which the scale of the object shown is very large;
most commonly, a small object or a part of the body usually
shot with a zoom lens.
 Again, faces are the most recurrent images in extreme close-
ups.
 However, this shot can also be used to show an extreme close
up of a text on a mobile phone.
 These shots have a symbolic value, due to their recurrence
during the film. How and where they recur is revealing not
only of their importance but also of the direction or meaning
of the narrative or to signal out at important person or object.
 Connotations: ECU’s show emotion, usually fear or happiness.

MEDIUM CLOSE-UP
 The medium close up is half way between a mid shot and a close
up.
 A medium close up is framing the shoulder, chest to head. It
would fill most of the screen.
 Conventions: Medium shots are frequently used for the tight
presentation of two or three actors.
 This shot is very commonly used in indoor sequences allowing
for a visual signification of relationships between characters.
 Connotations: Intimacy, coming together.
If there are a series of shots which show two people in an MCU and then one person in a
sequence using MCU . This may co notate the closeness or intimacy of the two characters
against the distance they feel to the characters shown in a single shot.

LONG SHOT and WIDE SHOT
• A framing in which the scale of the object shown
is small; a standing human figure would appear
nearly the height of the screen.
• It makes for a relatively stable shot that can
accommodate movement without reframing
• Allows the audience to see a large number of
components of the arena

MEDIUM LONG SHOT
• Framing such an object four or five feet high
would fill most of the screen vertically.
• Also called plain américain, given its
recurrence in the Western genre, where it was
important to keep a cowboy's weapon in the
image.
• Gives clear sense of character in a given
location and emphasises body language.

EXTREME LONG SHOT
• A framing in which the scale of the object shown is very small;
a building, landscape, or crowd of people will fill the screen.
• Surroundings now have as much if not more importance,
especially if the shot is in high-angle.
• This means that the closer up the shot, the more the
spectator's eye is directed by the camera to the specified
reading, extreme long shots give an overall view and do not
necessarily direct the viewers eye to what the characters are
doing.
• Usually the first or last shotsof a sequence, that can also
function as an establishing shot.

Mid shot
• Its from the waist and usually used in
conversations and is a common shot.
• In film, a medium shot is a camera shot
from a medium distance. The dividing line
between "long shot, and "medium shot"
is fuzzy, as is the line between "medium
shot" and "close-up"

Aerial shot
• A camera shot that is filmed from
an airplane or a helicopter.
• Not necessarily a moving shot.

Point of View shot
• (POV) Point of view shows what the character sees.
These are often freehand and are used in horror
films.
• The editor may change the audience’s point of view
to create certain effects.

Over the shoulder shot
• Shot filmed from behind character's shoulder: a
cinematographic shot taken from over the shoulder of
a character whose back can be seen at the side of the
frame.
• This type of shot is very common when two characters
are having a discussion and will usually follow an
establishing shot, which helps the audience place the
characters in their setting.

TWO SHOT
 There are a few variations on this one, but the basic idea is to
have a comfortable shot of two people. Often used in
interviews, or when two presenters are hosting a show.
 A "One-Shot" could be a mid-shot of either of these subjects. A
"Three-Shot", unsurprisingly, contains three people.
 Two shots are good for establishing relationships between
characters
 two-shot could also involve movement or action. It is a good
way to follow the interaction between two people without
getting distracted by their surroundings.

High Angle
• A high angle is a power position.
• Not so extreme as a bird's eye view. The camera is elevated
above the action using a crane to give a general overview.
• High angles make the object photographed seem smaller, and
less significant (or scary).
• The object or character often gets swallowed up by their setting
- they become part of a wider picture.
• These shots allow you to see more of the picture the mise en
scene.
• A high angle shot, can make a character seem more superior
and the subject more subject more vulnerable.

Low Angle
• Low angles help give a sense of confusion to a viewer,
of powerlessness within the action of a scene.
• The background of a low angle shot will tend to be
just sky or ceiling, the lack of detail about the setting
adding to the disorientation of the viewer.
• The added height of the object may make it inspire
fear and insecurity in the viewer, who is
psychologically dominated by the figure on the
screen.

Centred Angle
• Sometimes the camera is tilted (i.e. is not placed
horizontal to floor level), this shot suggest imbalance,
transition and instability (very popular in horror
movies).
• This technique is used to suggest POINT-OF-View shots
(i.e. when the camera becomes the 'eyes' of one
particular character, seeing what they see — a hand
held camera is often used for this.

https://www.slideshare.net/Slideshare
log in and search Handouts in Arts Q1 to
Q2 By S. Will

According to study, not all video
games are bad for teens;
some games encourage
positive behavior.

Programs we can use in video games include:
- Twine
http://twinery.org/
- Stencyl
http://www.udemy.com/create-your-first-
computer-game-with-stencyl/
- Game Maker
http://www.yoyogames.com/learn

•͞Eǀeryďody iŶ this ĐouŶtry should learŶ hoǁ to
prograŵ a Đoŵputer… Because it teaches you
how to thiŶk͟
Steve Jobs

Lesson in art part 2 Q1 and Q2 by S. will

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Lesson in art part 2 Q1 and Q2 by S. will