LessonWeather Climate and Adaptation 2.ppt
- 2. The day- to-day condition of the atmosphere at a place with respect to the temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed is called weather at that place
- 3. How to measure Temperature- Rainfall
- 4. How to measure Humidity Wind speed ANEMOMETER HYGRO METER
- 5. All changes in the weather are driven by sun Weather is generally not the same on any two days and week after week
- 6. The average weather pattern taken over a long time is called climate
- 7. CLIMATE HAS A PROFOUND EFFECT ON ALL LIVING ORGANISMS. THE POLAR REGIONS AND TROPICAL REGIONS ARE THE TWO REGIONS OF THE EARTH WHICH HAVE SEVERE CLIMATE CONDITIONS ANIMALS ARE ADAPTED TO SURVIVE IN THIS CONDITIONS IN WHICH THEY LIVE.
- 8. THE POLAR REGIONS PRESENT AN EXTREME CLIMATE.THESE REGIONS ARE COVERED WITH SNOW
- 9. Animals in polar regions are adapted to the severe conditions of the polar region
- 10. ARCTIC LANDSCAPE
- 12. ANIMALS IN ARCTIC REGION Arctic fox The arctic fox ranges throughout the Arctic. They are found on land. They also live on sea ice, sometimes traveling hundreds of miles from land. Its coat is white in winter and brown in summer. Arctic foxes do not hibernate in the winter. They are a scavenger and tend to eat animals that are already dead. They often travel in packs.
- 13. Arctic hare Hares are similar to rabbits. Preyed on by many of the larger animals, Arctic Hares help to alleviate the pressure on lemmings and are an alternative food. This animal is one of the few that does not range below the Arctic Circle. When living in the northern part of the Arctic Circle this species remains white throughout the year, but further south in the circle its coat darkens in the summer. This animal also has the unique talent of running solely on its hind legs.
- 15. Seals There are a wide variety of seals living in the Arctic, six different ice-inhabiting types in all. There are also seals in the Antarctic. The largest hair seal of the Arctic is the bearded seal, reaching 2.5 meters in length. Seals are one of the most mysterious animals, possessing many talents that have yet to be explained. Seals are well adapted to the Arctic habitat. They give birth to their young on the sea ice, but feed in the ocean. Leads in the ice provide a perfect habitat for seals, open ice to rest on, and sea to feed in and escape predators such as polar bears.
- 16. Polar Bear Polar Bears are one of the major predators in the Arctic and one of the few animals that openly preys on humans. They are twice the weight of a tiger and are the size of an Alaskan brown bear. They are the top of the food web. The eat a wide variety of large animals, such as seals and caribou. In order to eat seals, polar bears depend on sea ice that allows them to go out into the water where the seals normally live and feed. Their fur is so thick that water will hardly ever reach their skin. They are one of the two Arctic animals that range all of the Arctic. Females give birth in the winter every three to four years, and have two cubs at a time.
- 17. Adaptations of polar bear
- 18. Polar Bear Polar Bears are one of the major predators in the Arctic and one of the few animals that openly preys on humans. They are twice the weight of a tiger and are the size of an Alaskan brown bear. They are the top of the food web. The eat a wide variety of large animals, such as seals and caribou. In order to eat seals, polar bears depend on sea ice that allows them to go out into the water where the seals normally live and feed. Their fur is so thick that water will hardly ever reach their skin. They are one of the two Arctic animals that range all of the Arctic. Females give birth in the winter every three to four years, and have two cubs at a time.
- 19. The Polar Bear has white fur so that it is not easily visible to it predators
- 20. The white fur helps it to catch prays as they do not see the polar bear in its white back ground
- 21. It has two thick layers of fur. These keep it warm in the cold weather. The fat insulates the body from cold and keeps it warm.
- 22. •It has a strong sense of smell. •It has long curved and sharp claws.
- 24. The lion and the tiger have thick skin and sensitive hearing. They have good sense of smell and their body colour is matching its surroundings so that its preys do not easily identify them
- 25. Adaptations of Penguine 1. The penguins huddle together to keep themselves warm. 2. They have black and white body which blends with the surroundings.
- 26. 3. To conserve heat, penguins may tuck in their flippers close to their bodies. 4.They also may shiver to generate additional heat 5. There is thick fat layer which prevents the loss of body heat 6.The dark colour of penguin's dorsal surface absorbs heat from the sun, which increases body temperature 7. It has webbed feet to swim in water
- 27. Migration of Birds The periodic movement of birds in search of suitable climate and breeding Birds migrate to warmer region when winter sets in. Generally they fly high where the wind flow is helpful and the cold condition allow them to disperse the heat generated by their flight muscles.
- 28. Arctic Tern Arctic Terns migrate over the sea and are rarely seen from land except during breeding season. It is said that their migration path is over 22,000 miles (35,000 km) each year
- 29. The Siberian Crane migrates to Bharatpur in Rajasthan and Sultanpur in Haryana
- 31. Distribution of Tropical Rainforest of the World
- 32. Rain forests belong to the tropical wet climate group. The temperature in a rain forest rarely gets higher than 93 °F (34 °C) or drops below 68 °F (20 °C); average humidity is between 77 and 88%; rainfall is often more than 100 inches a year. There is usually a brief season of less rain. In monsoonal areas, there is a real dry season. Almost all rain forests lie near the equator.
- 33. EMERGENT LAYER This layer is the highest layer. It is made up of the tops of the tallest trees. CANOPY Most of the trees grow up to about 25 - 35 metres tall. The tops of the trees group to form a ceiling called a canopy. UNDERSTORY This layer is made up of trees that are growing up to reach the canopy. They stop just below the canopy and wait until a gap appears which they can then grow into. The trees are small with thin trunks. The trees here are about 20 metres tall. This layer is the home to birds, butterflies, frogs and snakes.
- 34. SHRUB LAYER This is the layer that grows between the smaller trees of the understory and the forest floor. This layer is made up of ferns and small shrubs. FOREST FLOOR( LitterLayer) The forest floor is very dark. This is due to the trees above stopping the sunlight from entering the forest. It is estimated that only 2% of the sunlight actually reaches the floor. The soil on the floor is covered in a layer of leaves, twigs and dead plants, which rot down quickly to provide nutrients for the plants. The leaf litter is alive with invertebrates and microorganisms, which quickly rot down this surface layer. Mosses and ferns grow on the forest floor where it is warm, damp and shady. The soil is very sandy with only a thin layer of rotting vegetation. Without the trees, the soil quickly loses its ability to support plants and turns to desert-like conditions. The forest floor is home to some of the larger animals of the forest such as tigers and elephants in Asia, gorillas and leopards
- 35. Western Ghats The Western Ghats mountain range marks the point at which the central upland of the Deccan Plateau falls steeply down to the costal strip of the Malabar Coast. This view of the rugged Ghats near Mahabaleshwar shows the heavy erosion of the exposed mountainsides by the high rainfall of the area.
- 36. Animal life is highly diverse. Common characteristics found among mammals and birds (and reptiles and amphibians, too) include adaptations to an arboreal life (for example, the prehensile tails of New World monkeys), bright colors and sharp patterns, loud vocalizations, and diets heavy on fruits. Many tropical animals have Sensitive hearing Sharp eye sight Camouflage Thick skin
- 37. Adaptations of The red eyed frog The red eyed frog has sticky pads on its feet to help it climb trees on which it lives
- 38. Adaptations of Monkeys Long tail to hold on to branches. Feet suitable to hold on branches.
- 39. Lion Tailed Macaque The lion tailed macaque lives in the Rainforests of Western Ghats. It is a good climber and spends most of the time on the tree. It feeds mainly on fruits. It also eats seeds, young leaves, stems and flowers.
- 40. Adaptations of toucan Toucans posses long, large beak. This helps them to reach the fruits on tips of thin branches
- 41. The lion and the tiger have thick skin and sensitive hearing. They have good sense of smell and their body colour is matching its surroundings so that its preys do not easily identify them
- 42. Adaptations of elephant 1. Strong sense of smell. 2. The nose is modified into a long trunk which helps the animal to pick up food. 3. The tusks are modified teeth which help the elephant to tear the bark of trees. 4. Large ears help to listen to even soft sounds. 5. Ears help to cool the body.