Let My Poeple Go Part 2 - In The Desert

Let My People Go
Exodus and the Birth of Israel
Part Two: In The Desert
A “Lessons-To-Go” Bible Study
By Mark S. Pavlin

Let My People Go
Lesson 4. Into The Desert

To Recap: The Hebrew people, their families and their non-Hebrew
friends, their livestock and possessions, lead by Moses, flee from the
army of Egypt across the Red Sea, its waters held apart by God’s power.

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch
your hand over the sea so that the
waters flow back over the Egyptians...”
Moses {did so}... and the sea went
back in place. - Ex. 14:27

The Israelites went through on dry ground, a wall
of water to their right and left. That day the LORD
saved Israel from the hands of the Egyptians...
And... the people feared the LORD and put their
trust in Him and His servant, Moses. -Ex. 14:29-31

“Sing to the Lord!
Exalted on high is
He. Horse and
driver both He
hurled into the
sea,” sang Miriam
and the women of
the newly-freed
people of Yahweh,
the people soon to
be forged into the
nation of Israel.

Our religious heritage
derives from that of
God’s people, Israel,
and reaches back
through them to these
momentous events.
Christians also acknow-
ledge God’s deliverance
from the bondage (to
selfishness and separa-
tion) to become people
living to serve our
brethren in Christ and
to bless the entire
world, even “Egypt”.

Into the Sinai desert
Scholars have
tried since before
Jesus’ time to
chart the path
the Hebrew
people took
through the Sinai
to the Promised
Land without
reaching a con-
sensus. Here are
two suggestions.
It is likely that
the route was of
no interest to the
editors of the
Pentatuch.

Desert is a symbol that recurs often in Scripture: as a refuge, an arena of
testing, a place for fasting, prayer, and visions.
“Desert” occurs 145 times in the Bible (NIV) mostly in the OT, and
“wilderness” 164 times. The latter is preferred by the NT (31 times).
John the Baptist appeared in the wilderness, preaching a baptism of
repentance for the forgiveness of sins. The whole Judean countryside...
went out to him. Confessing their sins, they were baptized... - Mk. 1:3-5
For the Hebrew people, the desert is a place of deprivations and repeated
grumbling to which God repeatedly response with gracious and threat.

Three rebellious grumblings
Moses led Israel.... and they went into the desert of Shur. For 3 days
they traveled without finding water. When they came to Marah
{Hebrew for “bitter”} they couldn’t drink its water because it was yucky.
So the people grumbled against Moses, saying, “No way we can drink
this {bleep!} What are we to drink?”
Then Moses cried out to the Lord. The Lord showed him a piece of
wood which he threw into the water which then became fit to drink.
- Ex. 15:22-25
The many passages describing the
rebellious grumblings of Israel are not
incidental to the narrative but central
and deliberate. What do you think?
What is the intent, the lesson, of such
text? Why is it central to the narrative?

A pattern of trust (= faith)
(1) The people complain (lack of trust?)
(2) Moses cries out to God (show of trust?)
(3) God provides miraculous relief (He is deserving of trust)

There is a promise:
There the Lord issued a ruling and instruction for them and put
them to the test.
He said, “If you listen carefully to the Lord your God and do what is
right in His eyes, if you pay attention to His commands and keep all
His decrees, I will not bring on you any of the diseases I brought on
the Egyptians, for I am the Lord, who heals you.” - Ex. 15:25-27
It is a strange promise, here called a “ruling”. Why is it here in
the story? Is it a foretaste of the laws to be given at Mt. Sinai?
What do you think? Why does God threaten the people He
just saved? Doesn’t He know they are just ordinary people
(like us) who will surely break His rulings sometimes? What is
meant by “diseases”? Why not say “plagues”? Why the
reference to “heal”? Neither thirst nor starvation is a disease.
Why the jarring switch of pronouns – from “His” to “I”?

They came to Elim, where there were springs and palm
trees, and they camped there near the water. - Ex. 15:27
An oasis that is a Edenic foretaste of the Promised Land, with plenty
of water, greenery, and grazing land for the livestock.

More Grumbling (more to come)
The Israelite community set out... and came to the Desert of Sin,
which is between Elim and Sinai, on the 15th day of the 2nd month
after they had come out of Egypt.
There, the whole community grumbled against Moses and Aaron.
The Israelites said to them,
“If only we had died by the
Lord’s hand in Egypt!
There we sat around pots of
meat and ate all the food we
wanted (really?) but you
brought us out into this
desert to starve to death.”
{In response} the LORD said to Moses....
- Ex. 16:1-4

“I will rain down bread from heaven. The people are to go out each
day and gather enough for that day only. In this way I will test them
and see whether they will follow my instructions.
What now?
On the 6th day they
are to prepare what
they bring in- it will
amount to twice as
much as they gather
on other days.”
- Ex. 16:4-5
“In the evening you will know that it was the Lord who brought you
out of Egypt, and in the morning you will see the glory of the Lord,
because he has heard your grumbling against him.”
Moses {added}, “Who are we {he and Aaron}? You are not grumbling
against us, but against the Lord. - Ex. 16:6-8

Meat and bread
That evening quail
came and covered
the camp.
In the morning there was dew around the camp and when it
evaporated flakes like frost covered the desert floor. When the
Israelites saw it, they said, “What is it?” - Ex. 16:13-14

Giuseppe Agnelli, “The Gathering of Manna in the Desert” (ca. 1750)
What is it?

Man hu
The name manna might derive from the question man hu,
meaning "What is it?“ This is perhaps an Aramaic etymology,
not a Hebrew one. Man is possibly cognate with the Arabic
term man, meaning plant lice, with man hu thus meaning "this
is plant lice", which fits one widespread modern identification
of manna, the crystallized honeydew of certain scale insects.
Moses said to them, “It is the bread the Lord has given you
to eat. This is what the Lord has commanded: ‘Everyone is to
gather as much as they need. - Ex. 16:14

Grumbling #3 (water again)
Moses replied, “Why do you quarrel with me?
Why do you put the LORD to the test?” - Ex. 17:1-2
The Israelite community
set out from the Desert
of Sin, traveling from
place to place as the
LORD commanded.
They camped at
Rephidim, but there was
no water for the people
to drink.
So they quarreled with
Moses and said, “Give us
water to drink.”

God’s response #3
But the people were thirsty!
So they grumbled to him,
“Why did you bring us out
of Egypt so that we, our
children and our livestock
should die of thirst?”
Then Moses cried out to the
Lord, “What am I to do with
these people? They are
almost ready to stone me.”
The LORD answered Moses, “Go out in front of the people. Take with
you some of the elders of Israel and take in your hand the staff with
which you struck the Nile... I will stand there before you by the rock
at Horeb. Strike the rock, and water will come out of it for the people.
So Moses did this in the sight of the elders of Israel. - Ex. 17:3-6

“Do not be afraid... The LORD God, who is going before you, will fight
for you, as he did for you in Egypt and in the wilderness. There you
saw how the LORD God carried you, as a father carries his son, all the
way, until you reached this place.” - Deut. 1:31
The desert is not, like the oasis, Eden, but....

“Therefore I am going to allure her; I will lead her into the
wilderness and speak tenderly to her. There I will give her back her
vineyards... She will respond as in the days of her youth, as in the
day she came up out of Egypt. - Hos. 2:14
The desert can be a place where we....

Because of your great compassion you did not abandon them in the
wilderness.... the pillar of cloud did not fail to guide them, nor the
pillar of fire by night... and you gave them water for their thirst... you
sustained them in the wilderness; they lacked nothing. - Neh. 9:21
...learn of God and draw closer to Him.

Moses brought the people of God out of bondage in Egypt. Phase One
of his mission is complete. But now the 2nd phase, nation-building,
begins and requires the formulation of good Law (Torah) and its willing
adoption by the people who must obey it.

Moses has come full circle and God has fulfilled the promise He made
(in Ex. 3:12): “I will be with you. And this will be the sign to you that it
is I who sent you. When you have brought the people out of Egypt you
will worship God on this mountain.”

On the 1st day of the 3rd month after the Israelites left Egypt... they
came to the Desert of Sinai. After they set out from Rephidim, they
entered the Sinai camped in front of the mountain.” - Ex. 19:1-2

Mt. Sinai [Jebel Musa] is a 7,500 ft high mountain near
the city of Saint Catherine in the Sinai desert. It is next
to Mt. Catherine (the highest peak in Egypt at 8,625 ft.).

Parallels between the return of the Jews from exile in
Babylon and the journey of the Israelites out of captivity
in Egypt prompt us to equate Mt. Sinai with Mt. Zion.
The Israelites will stay in
camp before the mountain
for nearly 1 year (and 59
chapters of the OT).

Moses went up {Mt. Sinai} to God. The Lord called to him, “Say this to
the descendants of Jacob: ‘You have seen what I did to Egypt, and
how I carried you on eagles’ wings and brought you to myself.
Mention of a “covenant” here anticipates the giving of Torah in the
coming year but also looks back to the covenant between Yahweh
and Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
This passage places emphasis on the particularity and special value
to God of the Israelites but does not tell of God’s purpose in making
them a “treasured possession”. How odd of God to choose the Jews!
Mention of a priesthood here anticipates the establishment of the
Aaronic priesthood (Ex. 28:1 ff) after construction of the Tabernacle.
If you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then of all nations you
will be my treasured possession. Though the whole earth is mine, you
will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.” - Ex. 19:3-6
Treasured and holy

Moses... summoned the
elders... and set before them
the words the Lord had
commanded him to speak.
The people responded, “We
will do everything the Lord
has said.”
And Moses brought their
answer back to the Lord.
The LORD said to Moses, “I
will to come to you in a dense
cloud, so the people will hear
me speaking and will always
put their trust in you.”
Then Moses told the LORD
what the people had said.
- Ex. 19:7-9

You are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation,
God’s special possession, that you may declare the praises
of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful
light. Once you were not a people, but now you are the
people of God....” - 1Peter 2:9-10
All people are to be God’s people
Christians teach that believing non-Jews, too, are “Israel”, citizens of
the Kingdom of God, set free in Christ, with a duty, first, to give God
praise and, second, to love all, calling all to come live in the Kingdom
which has no borders, no walls and no gate other than Christ Himself.
As the Israelites set up camp at Mt. Sinai, God does a lot of talking to
Moses, giving instructions. Moses will be kept busy going up and
down the mountain (it is not a very tall one), because...

“Consecrate the people... Be ready by the third day, because on that
day the Lord will come down... in the sight of all the people.... Be care-
ful that you do not approach the mountain or touch the foot of it. Who-
ever touches the mountain is to be put to death.... Only when the ram’s
horn sounds a blast may they approach the mountain.” - Ex. 19:10-13
Warn the people so they don’t force their way to see the Lord- many
would perish! Even priests who approach the Lord must consecrate
themselves or the Lord will break out against them.” - Ex. 19:21-22
Something awesone is about to happen

The top of Mt. Sinai is a preview of the Holy of Holies in the Temple
atop Mt. Zion. One enters only by God’s bidding, only after ritual
purification, and only for the most serious of reasons.
From the start of the Exodus account on the “holy ground” beneath
“Mt. Horeb” through the encounters with God on this holy moun-
tain in the desert, the impression is that Yahweh lives there. Is this
an echo of the oldest stratum of the stories later “papered over?”

And God spoke all these words: “I am the Lord your God,
who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery....
- Ex. 20:1-3
What follows may be the most well-known, most
thoroughly-analyzed passage in the entire OT with
the exception of Psalm 23 and the Creation stories of
Genesis, even to non-Jews and non-Christians.
Commandments
No surprise, then, that there is much to think
about when reading this section of Exodus.

Let My People Go
End of Lesson 4

Lesson 5: Commandments & Covenant
Let My People Go

Previous lesson: God’s promise fulfilled
Nations in the modern sense did not exist until the 16th century
(Dutch, 1581). A nation is distinct from a "people“ (a single ethnic
group like a tribe) in being at its heart a political community in-
sisting on its autonomy, defended borders, law codes and culture.
In the desert Yahweh begins the process of building the
Hebrew people into the nation of Israel through shared
hardships and experiences of the power of their God.

What do you think?
Are you seeing signs of the Israelites becoming “a holy nation”?
What do you need to build a nation anyway?
 Shared culture, ethnicity, history and language?
(yes – many years shared suffering as slaves)
 Defense? (yes – defeated the Amalikites)
 Government? (yes – under God, Moses as “Prime Minister”)
 Law, societal norms? (yes - Torah, other laws)
 Spiritual principle (yes – presence of and worship of Yahweh)
 Land with defended borders (no, not yet)
Nation a’building
Historical-critical aside: delineating and transcribing their laws
was one way for the exiled Jewish leaders and intellectuals in
Babylon to begin to re-build their defeated nation.

“AndGodspokeallthesewords...”-Ex.20:1

These ten commandments are the supreme expression of
God’s will in the Old Testament, not as the most important
commands among hundreds of others, but as a digest of the
entire Torah. The foundation of all the Torah rests therein.

“I am the Lord your God who
brought you out of Egypt out
of the land of slavery. You shall
have no other gods before me.
- Ex. 20:2-3
#1. Yahweh before all

Israel is the Lord’s
Commandment #1 is the basis for all others. Yahweh, “a jealous
God” and Israel, the covenant people, are bound to each other like
no other people-and-god in the ancient Middle East. Separation from
other peoples to avoid religious impurity characterized their history.
There are many gods in our lives but we must not listen to com-
mands they give but heed only the word of the One to whom
we belong, the One who defeated the god of Egypt decisively on
his own turf and will also defeat the gods of our culture today.
“Do not fear, for I have redeemed you, I have summoned you... you are
mine... For I am the LORD your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior;
Since you are precious and honored in my sight and because I love you, I
will give people in exchange for you... for your life. Do not be afraid, for I
am with you... Before me no god was formed nor will there be one after
me. I am the LORD, apart from me there is no savior. – Is. 43:1-11

Christians are to love
Love the Lord your God with
all your heart and with all your
soul and with all your mind
and with all your strength.’
The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’
There is no commandment greater than these.”
- Mk. 12:30-31
Jesus gave us this
as Commandment #1:
Interesting, don’t you think, that the primary commandment
given in the OT is a stern call to be bound to God by in a covenant
but in the NT it is a gracious call to be bound to God in love.

You shall not make for yourself an image in the form of anything
in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below.
You shall not bow down to them,
or worship them-
for I am a jealous God
Punishing children for the sin of the parents
to the third and fourth generation
of those who hate me,
But showing love
to a thousand generations
of those who love me
and keep my commandments.
- Ex. 20:4-6
Love, worship and obey God alone
Consider this
passage as poetry
and the talk of
punishing (3 or 4
generations) as
hyperbole, a lyrical
foil to emphasize
the much greater
blessing (to 1,000
generations).

You shall not make... an image in the form of anything...
God is no thing
We can’t help thinking of
God as some thing – if not
a large, powerful, old Man
(Father), then a Great
Magical Force (Holy
Spirit), or a gentle, kind,
wise human (Jesus).
This may not be too harmful of our spirits. What will harm us is
the worship of that which is not God. Each of us must examine
our hearts to confess what THING we put “before” God (Security?
Children? Career? TV? Facebook? Country? Ego?).
Do not make any gods to be alongside me; do not make for
yourselves gods of silver or gods of gold. - Ex. 20:23

You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God, for the Lord
will not hold anyone guiltless who misuses his name. - Ex. 20:7
#3. Even the Name of the Lord is holy
What do you think? While Jews hold the Tetragrammaton in such
respect that they never attempted to speak it, always substituting
“Adonai”, so that it’s correct pronunciation is lost, Christians do not
hesitate to try to pronounce it (usually “Yahweh” or “Jehovah”).
The tetragrammaton can be translated as the words of Rev. 22:13: “I am
Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End.

What exactly does this commandment prohibit? Of course, we can-
not know with certainty. What does it mean to respect, to honor
someone? How would that then apply to God’s Name?
Jesus commanded us: You have heard... ‘Do not break your oath...’
But I tell you, do not swear an oath at all: either by heaven (it is God’s
throne) or by the earth (it is His footstool), or by Jerusalem (it is the
city of the Great King)... All you need to say is simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’;
anything beyond this comes from the evil one. - Mt. 5:33-37
Luther’s Small Catechism : “not curse, swear, practice witchcraft, lie,
or deceive by His name, but instead call upon God in every trouble,
pray {to Him}, praise {Him}, and give {Him} thanks.”

Honoring God’s Name
by not treating it flip-
pantly or poorly or
inappropriately is
closely related to not
treating God Himself
in the same way.
Respecting Him as
Presence and Power,
Lord and Savior,
means at all times
accepting your
relationship with Him
as a gracious gift,
with thanks, in praise,
in turn, presenting
Him to the world as
their gift also.

In church (and especially from
the pulpit) we use the
expression “law” without
further clarification.
The law of the Lord is perfect
– Ps. 19:7
When Joseph and Mary had
done everything required by
the law of the Lord, they
returned to Galilee...
– Lk. 2:39
Problem #1. What law? The ten commandments?
All Torah? Or do we mean all ethical directives?
Problem #2. Let’s say we mean the 10 commandments...
Does anyone know what they are these days?

“Americans know Big Macs better than Ten Commandments”
A 2007 research survey determined that Americans were
not all that familiar with the Ten Commandments:
 Only 29% knew #2 “Do not make graven images.”
 Only 34% knew #4 “Keep holy the Sabbath”
 Only 45% knew #5: “Honor your father and mother”.
 Less than 60% knew #6: “You shall not kill.”
A 2010 poll added this about Americans:
 45% thought that the Golden Rule was one of the Ten.
 Only 45% could name the four Gospel writers correctly.
What about today? More or less knowledgeable?

Almost nine out of 10 households (87
percent) own a Bible, according to the
American Bible Society, and the average
household has three.
A 2017 LifeWay poll found that 53% of Americans have read
little or none of the Bible. What about today?

So the first three commandments are all of a piece:
#1. God is the holy One, Ground of all being, wholly Other.
SO
Holy - Holy - Holy
#2. He cannot be fixed in place, controlled, nailed down, used
manipulated, cheated, fooled, or taken advantage of in any way
(no magic!). Any representation {image} of Him in wholly
inadequate and is, therefore, to be shunned...
AND
#3. He likewise is not to be called on except with the most
profound reverence and respect, in praise and thanksgiving.
Trying to use Him by using His name is anathema, folly.
No surprise then that the next commandment also
invokes the word “holy”....

Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. Labor for 6 days, do
all your work. But keep the 7th day a Sabbath to the Lord God.
On it you shall not do any work.
#4. Keep holy the seventh day, ָׁ‫ש‬ָׁ‫ת‬ ַ‫ב‬
God made the heavens, earth, sea, and all in 6
days but rested on the 7th day. The Lord blessed
the Sabbath and made it holy. - Ex. 20:8-11
Not you, your son or your daughter, not your
male or female servant, not any foreigner
residing in your towns, not even your animals!
SABBATH
T.G.I.F.

The 4th commandment connects the 1st three
about God who loves, labors, then rests to the
last six about resting from the slavery of a hectic
and meaningless modern life, so that we can go
forward to a life of love of God and neighbor.
Sabbath is the
“bridge” command

There was no resting in Egypt
Only labor for
Pharaoh counted,
and only meeting
“the bricks quota”
mattered.
The god of Egypt (Pharaoh) had no such concept as Sabbath. All
slaves were his to use up in the ceaseless supply of goods (bricks)
and services (construction of buildings, digging of water channels).
Slaves were not to “waste” time on worship of their God.
Historical aside:
The pyramids were
likely built by well-
cared-for, patriotic
Egyptian volunteers.

There was no resting in Egypt
The god of Egypt (Pharaoh) had no such concept as Sabbath. All
slaves were his to use up in the ceaseless supply of goods (bricks)
and services (construction of buildings, digging of water channels).
Slaves were not to “waste” time on worship of their God.
Pharoah would have liked
the cruel Nazi euphemism,
“Arbeit macht frei.”

Use things, respect people
Always act in such a way that you treat human beings,
whether yourself or another person, primarily as an end,
{a subject} never primarily as a means
to an end {an object}.
Formulation of Humanity, the 2nd
formulation of the categorical
ethical imperative.
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
The 4th commandment (and v. 11 in
particular) can be understood as God
following His own law! He is treating
humanity with respect in insisting that
people rest from labor and take time
out for worship and fellowship.

What stance should followers of Jesus take regarding the Sabbath today?
Sabbath rest in the 21st century?
Follow the Pharaoh of commercialism? Even more than in Pharaoh’s
time, factories run day & night. Road systems, railways, and airports
operate around the clock. Services of all kinds are staffed 24/7 (except
Chick-fil-A, closed on Sunday, and the USPS which does not deliver mail on
Sunday). We can (& do) work from anywhere via laptop & smartphone.
Follow the Pharaoh of leisure and entertainment? Way more so than in
Pharaoh’s time, many in fortunate societies that mandate time off for
2 da./wk. are allowed time off on the Sabbath. But is Sabbath for
personal entertainment? Were the Puritans right? They gave over
almost all day for worship, a sermon, Bible reading and prayer.
History shows us that the Jewish people went to great lengths but never
reached agreement about exactly how to “keep” the Sabbath.

Jesus was not a Puritan
The Pharisees asked him, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?” He
said to them, “If any of you has a sheep and it falls into a pit on the
Sabbath, will you not take hold of it and lift it out? How much more
valuable is a person than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good
on the Sabbath.” -Mt. 12:10-12
Then he said to them, “The
Sabbath was made for man,
not man for the Sabbath.”
- Mk. 2:27-28
Whatever stance we take in regards the
Sabbath, we must not forget the “categor-
ical imperative” to give others the freedom
of choice that we would wish for ourselves
as free human beings (subjects not sheep).

Commandments #5 - to - #10
Common practice is to divide the Ten Commandments into
two sets: those [#1- #4] concerning our behavior towards God
and those [#5-10] dealing with people, with love of neighbor.
But this neat distinction is probably not worth much more than
an aid to memorization. As Jesus made clear, the robe of love
we must wear, of Adonai and of neighbor, is seamless.
Commandments #5 - #9 are notably brief (as is #10 if split into
#9 and #10) which makes their interpretation difficult. They
are ambiguous. Life throws us into situations that render these
commandments close to worthless as guides. Most likely they
were just as problematic to the ancient Israelites!
What do you think? Do we put unwarranted emphasis on these 10
rules, expecting too much from them? They are not, after all, all of
Torah. Are they best read as representative of God’s will for us?

If these commands are so important, why have so many others
in the OT, most of which we ignore these days?
Can we believe these really come from God when they sound
so much like other legal codes of the ancient Middle East?
The impression that Yahweh gave the Israelites 10 rules and no
others is reinforced by the concluding verses to the chapter...
All 10 come without details or explanation
and so call for interpretation (as do the 10 of
the US “Bill of Rights” amendments)
Could God have stopped there? Are these 10
sufficient? And why is there a 2nd somewhat
different list in Deut. 5?

Commandments concluded
When the people saw lightning and the mountain in smoke and heard
thunder... ... they trembled with fear and stayed at a distance.
They said to Moses, “Speak to us
yourself and we will listen. But do not
have God speak to us or we will die.”
Moses said to the people, “Do not be
afraid. God has come to test you. The
fear of God will be with you to keep
you from sinning.” - Ex. 20:19-22
The people are not to respond with ordinary fear (of danger) but with
“holy” fear of God (as their Lord). What is the distinction? They are to
obey Yahweh out of fear (not love). Moses sees obedience as a “test.”

Commandments concluded
The people remained at a distance,
while Moses approached the thick
darkness. There God {said}....
“Make an altar for me and sacrifice
on it your burnt offerings and
fellowship offerings, your sheep and
goats and your cattle.
Wherever I cause My Name to be
honored, I will come to you and
bless you.” - Ex. 20:23-24

Many of the Laws are “secular”, not “religious.” Western cultural think-
ing strictly separates these but ancient peoples saw the sacred in all
aspects of life. These laws, then, no matter how mundane or legal-
istic or social, were gifts from God to the people He released from
bondage in Egypt where
the word of an often cruel
Pharaoh was the only law.
God did not stop at giving 10 Commandments. The next 4 chapters
comprise a compendium of laws refer-
red to as the “Book of the Covenant.”
After a pause for “ratification” of the
covenant (Ex. 24), the bulk of the re-
maining 16 chapters comprise instruct-
tions for building and furnishing the Tabernacle (25-30, 34-40).
Israel is to be a nation
under God and Torah, a
people bound to their
Lord by a sacred covenant.
None of the laws in the Pentateuch de-
signate a ruler over Israel; it is a nation
under God/Torah, a “theocracy.” There
is no king, queen, emperor, or Pharaoh.
Back to the action? Well, no, not for a while.

Beyond the 10 Commandments
 Servants/Slaves
 Personal Injury/Killings
 Possessions (animals)
 Society
 Justice
 Sabbath
 Festivals
If a thief is caught breaking in at night and is
struck a fatal blow, the defender is not
guilty of bloodshed but if it happens after
sunrise, the defender is guilty of bloodshed.
If you lend money to one among you who is needy,
charge no interest. If you take your neighbor’s cloak as
a pledge, return it by sunset, because that cloak is the
only covering your neighbor has.
If you find a stray ox... that belongs to your enemy return it. If you see the
donkey of someone who hates you fallen down... help them with it.
Do not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.
Do not oppress a foreigner. You know how it feels to be foreigners!
Three times a year all men are to appear before the Lord God. No one is to
appear before Me empty-handed.

What’s with the guardian angel?
I {God} am sending an angel ahead of you to guard you along the
way and to bring you to the place I have prepared. - Ex. 23:20
Here is another
jarring insertion in
the narrative of a
(divine?) being
separate from God.
The very next
verse, however,
blurs any distinc-
tion. Perhaps we
are to think of
“angel” as we do
“spirit of God” in
the OT; not a sep-
arate entity but, rather, a manifestation of the Divine Power.

... and no sickness?
My angel will go ahead
of you and bring you into
the land of {various tribes}
and I will wipe them out.
Do not bow down before
their gods or follow their
practices. You must
demolish them!
Worship the Lord your
God, and His blessing
will be on your food
Pay attention to him, listen to what he says... If you listen carefully to
what he says and do all that I say, I will be an enemy to your enemies
and will oppose those who oppose you.
and water. I will take away sickness from among you.... I will give you
a full life span. - Ex. 23:20-26

Tradition says Moses is the transcriber
Then the Lord said to Moses, “Come up to the Lord, you, Aaron,
Nadab, Abihu, and 70 of elders of Israel... worship at a distance...
Moses alone to approach... the people may not come up with him.”
When Moses told the people the Lord’s words and laws, they
responded with one voice, “Everything the Lord has said we will do.”
Moses then wrote down everything the Lord had said. - Ex. 24:1-4
{Moses builds an altar and sacrifices a young bull} Then he took the
Book of the Covenant and read it to the people. They responded,
“We will do everything the Lord has said; we will obey.” {Moses
then sprinkles the blood of the sacrificed bull on the people and
proclaims}. “This is the blood of the Covenant...” - Ex. 24:8
This simple sentence is yet another clue that Exodus was not written
by Moses or anyone else in about 1500 BC. Why? (Hint: no alphabet )

The Lord said to Moses, “Come up to me on the mountain and stay
here and I will give you the tablets of stone with the law and the
commandments I have written....” - Ex. 24: 12
Communing with God
In verses 9-11 the
narrative tells us
that Nadab,
Abihu and the 70
elders of Israel all
“saw the God of
Israel under
whose feet was
something like a
pavement of
sapphire.” This is
a flat contradic-
tion of God’s
order in v. 24:2.

Communing with God
Moses set out with Joshua his aide {saying}... to the elders, “Wait
here for us until we come back to you. Anyone involved in a dispute
can go to Aaron and Hur.”
To the Israelites the glory
of the Lord looked like a
consuming fire on top of
the mountain. Then
Moses entered the cloud
as he went on up the
mountain. And he stayed
on the mountain forty
days and forty nights.
- Ex. 24:13-18
When Moses went up on the mountain, the cloud covered it and
the glory of the Lord settled on Mount Sinai...

How sacred was the Law?
God wrote ALL of
Torah on the
tablets not just
the Big 10. Since
stone is very
dense, for Moses
to be able to carry
the tablets, God
must have written
with His pinkie.
Just kidding! We read theologically, not literally.
“Written in stone” should impress on us how
sacred and permanent these laws were. God
Himself wrote them and they will last forever!
When the Lord finished
speaking to Moses on
Mount Sinai, he gave
him the two tablets of
the covenant law, the
tablets of stone
inscribed by the
finger of God.
- Ex. 31:18

Faithless, fickle people
When the people saw that Moses was so long in coming down from
the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and demanded, “Make us
gods who will go before us! As for this Moses fellow..., who knows
what has happened to him.” Aaron answered them,
“Take off your gold
earrings and bring them
to me.” So all the people
brought them to Aaron.
He took what they gave
him and cast an idol in
the shape of a calf...
Then they said, “These
are your gods, Israel,
who brought you up out
of Egypt.” - Ex. 32:1-4

Faithless, fickle people
When the people saw that Moses was so long in coming down from
the mountain, they gathered around Aaron and demanded, “Make us
gods who will go before us! As for this Moses fellow..., who knows
what has happened to him.” Aaron answered them,
“Take off your gold
earrings and bring them
to me.” So all the people
brought them to Aaron.
He took what they gave
him and cast an idol in
the shape of a calf...
Then they said, “These
are your gods, Israel,
who brought you up out
of Egypt.” - Ex. 32:1-4
What gives? Just like that the people break the Law of God after
promising to obey. Did they panic, having lost contact with Yahweh
for 40 days through the only intermediary they’ve known (Moses)?
This calf thing is certainly not a false god of a neighboring tribe. It is a
(poor) representation of a throne (of sorts) for Yahweh. Given it was
made from earrings, it was not as big as in most dramatic paintings.
And Aaron goes along with the sacrilege. Shows you what kind of
backbone he has (none). Can things get any worse?

This god is gold
When Aaron saw this, he built an altar in front of the calf
and announced, “Party time!”
Not just kidding. He actually said the
equivalent: “Tomorrow there will be
a festival to the Lord.”
So the next day the people rose
early and sacrificed burnt offerings
and presented fellowship offerings.
Afterward they sat down to eat
and drink and got up to indulge in
revelry. - Ex. 32:5-6
What will Yahweh do
to His wayward people?

Let My People Go
End of Lesson 5

Let My People Go
Lesson 6: Strike the camp

Israel to be a holy nation
Israel, then is to be a theocracy, a people bound
to their Lord by a sacred Covenant freely,
gratefully accepted. What are the core principles
governing life under this Divine rule?
There is to be no monarch
over the emerging nation of
Israel. The people are led by
Yahweh Himself (Moses
acting as spokesperson), their
laws the laws of Torah.

One medieval Jewish scholar formulated "13 principles of faith“ from
various Talmudic sources, summarizing the beliefs of Judaism:
1. God’s existence
2. God's unity (indivisibility into elements).
3. God's spirituality (incorporeality)
4. God's eternity
5. God's awareness of human actions and thoughts
6. God alone should be the object of worship
7. Revelation through God's prophets
8. The preeminence of Moses among the prophets.
9. The extant Torah is the one dictated to Moses by God
10. The Torah is not to be replaced, added to, or subtracted from
11. The reward of good and punishment of evil.
12. The coming of the Messiah
13. The resurrection of the dead
Fundamentalism (Jewish)
Are these
principles also
those of
Christianity?
Which (if any)
are not?

Law given, immediately broken
Even as Yahweh
engraved His laws
on two stone
tablets, the people
made an idol,
sacrificed to it
and....
Afterward they sat down to
eat and drink and got up to
indulge in revelry. - Ex. 32:5-6

What will Yahweh do to them?
Then the LORD said to
Moses, “Go down! Your
people... have been quick
to turn away from what I
commanded them and
have made themselves an
idol in the shape of a calf.
They have bowed down to
it and sacrificed to it...

Yahweh will destroy them!
“I have seen these people and they are a stiff-
necked people. Now leave me alone so that
my anger may burn against them and that I
may destroy them. Then,” God continued, “I
will make you, Moses, into a great nation.”
- Ex. 32:9-10
Likely, the narrative is not about the nature of God’s psyche. Instead, like
the story of the three strangers visiting Abraham and Sarah, the focus is
on the conversation (disputation) of Moses with God that follows....
One moment the Israelites are God’s cherished
nation, a people set apart, redeemed and freed
for service, the next they are no better than the
Egyptians, Amorites, etc. God’s statement is chilling. Israel is,
it seems, His nation to bring into being, His nation to destroy.

But Moses sought the favor of the LORD his God.... “Turn from your
fierce anger; relent and do not bring disaster on your people.”
“Calm down, God” - Moses
 You really want to waste all that effort You expended to bring
Israel out of Egypt “with great power and a mighty hand”? No.
 You want the Egyptians {to get the last laugh} and say, ‘It was
with evil intent that {Yahweh} brought them out {into the
desert}, to wipe them off the face of the earth’? No.
 Must I remind You? You swore to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob by
your own self: ‘I will make your descendants as numerous as
the stars in the sky and I will give your descendants all this land
I promised them, and it will be their inheritance forever.’ Right?
Then the Lord relented and did not bring on his people
the disaster he had threatened. - Ex. 32:11-14

Share with the class what you know about one
famous person named “Moses” (possible answers follow)
Pause for Trivia

Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon (Maimonides)
Maimonides (1135- 1204), a medieval
Sephardic Jewish philosopher, astron-
omer and physician and one of the
most prolific and influential Torah
scholars of the Middle Ages.
He was also a Born in Cordova, a city of
the Almoravid Empire (now Spain), he
worked as a physician, philosopher, and
rabbi in Morocco and Egypt, becoming
the most revered leaders of the Jewish
community in Egypt.
During his lifetime, Jews greeted his
writings on Jewish law and ethics with
acclaim and gratitude as far away as
Iraq and Yemen.

Moses Ben Mendel Dessau (Moses Mendelssohn)
His grandchildren included
composers Fanny and Felix
Mendelssohn and the
founders of the influential
banking house bearing his
name.
Gotthold Lessing
Johann Lavater Moses Mendelssohn
Moses Mendelssohn (1729 –
1786) was a German philo-
sopher whose ideas sparked
the 18th & 19th century
movement called “the Jewish
enlightenment”. He was a
contemporary of Immanuel
Kant and Gotthold Lessing.

Moses Horwitz (Moe Howard)
Moses Harry
Horwitz (1897 –
1975, stage name
Moe Howard) was
an American actor
and comedian best
known as the
leader of the Three
Stooges, the
comedy team who
starred in motion
pictures and
television for four
decades. The team
originated as a
1921 touring
vaudeville act.
Curly Howard Moe Howard Larry Fine

tablets of the testimony in his
hand, tablets that were written on
both sides; on the front and on
the back they were written and
the writing was the writing of
God, engraved on the tablets.
When Joshua heard the noise of
the people as they shouted, he
said, “There is a noise of war in
the camp.”
But Moses disagreed, saying, “It is
not shouting for victory, or the cry
of defeat, but the sound of singing
that I hear.” - Ex. 32:15-17
Back to the action
Then Moses turned and went down from the mountain with the two

And as soon as Moses came
near the camp and saw the
calf and the dancing, his
anger burned hot and he...
smashed {the tablets of the
Law} at the foot of the
mountain.
He took the calf that they
had made and burned it with
fire and ground it to powder
and scattered it on water
and made the people of
Israel drink it.
- Ex. 32:18-20
Moses Breaking The Tablets
of The Law (Marc Chagall)

Consequences
Moses argues God out of utterly destroy-
ing His own people but then loses his
temper and destroys God’s Law tablets.
Smashing the tablets of the Law was his
acting out a parable or a prophecy, that
his people (and all people?) were (are)
incapable of keeping it.
He then proceeds to break the 5th
commandment (“don’t kill”) by having
the Levites execute the (we must
suppose) instigators of the apostasy.
Still, God is (apparently) so miffed (or
heart-broken?) at the Israelites that He
flat-out tells them a stunner...

The LORD said to Moses, “Depart; go up
from here, you and the people... to the
land of which I swore to Abraham, etc...
“Leave Mt. Sinai but I’m not coming” - God
I will not go up among you, lest I consume you
on the way, for you are a stiff-necked people.”
When the people heard this disastrous
word, they mourned, and no one put on
his ornaments. - Ex. 33: 1-5
I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out
the Canaanites, the Amorites, Hittites, etc. Go up
to a land flowing with milk and honey; but....

Yahweh takes an odd “compromise” position. He
will not be with the Israelites “in person” but will
govern through intermediaries, an angel (again,
whatever that is) and through Moses (as before).
Now what?
He apparently cannot control His own anger.
The Israelites – by their own nature – will
certainly break His Law again and He will (if
He was near them) obliterate them!
The people are upset; the removal of their
jewelry is a sign that they really are sorry.
They want His protection and blessing.

Now what?
Step back from the details of this captivating narrative (in which the
writers present God in an all-too-human light!) and think theologically.
forth a great leader (Moses), then “gives nations” as a ransom for
them, moves seas and mountains to save and succor them, writes a
Law for them with His own hand... Israel is what He made them!
And yet (surprise?) they don’t obey Him or His servant, Moses. They
are not likely to do better in the future. Surely this is true even today.
What more can a God do?
God’s love for these
long-suffering people,
a people that He has
brought into being, is
so intense (He is so
“jealous”) that He calls

Moses used to take his tent and pitch it far outside the camp. He called
it the “Tent of Meeting”. Everyone who sought the Lord would go to the
Tent of Meeting... and watch Moses until he had gone into the tent.
When Moses entered the tent, the
pillar of cloud would descend and
stand at the entrance of the tent, and
the LORD would speak with Moses.
In this way the Lord would speak to
Moses face to face, as a man speaks
to his friend. - Ex. 33:7-11
Talking God out of it
Like a scene in a play, these verses set
the stage for another disputation.
A distraught Moses will once again try
to change the mind of Almighty God.

Moses said, “You say to me, ‘Bring up this people,’ but You have not let
me know whom You will send with me. Yet you have said, ‘I know You
by Name, and You have also found favor in my sight.’ Well, if I have
found favor in your sight,
show me now Your ways,
that I may know You... Con-
sider, too, that this nation
is Your people.”
And he {added}, “... Is it not
Your going with us that
makes us distinctive, I and
your people, from every
other people on the face of
the earth?” - Ex. 33:12-16
Then the Lord replied, “This very thing you have spoken I will do,
for you have found favor in my sight, and I know you by name.”
- Ex. 33:17

Then the Lord replied, “This very thing you have spoken I will do,
for you have found favor in my sight, and I know you by name.”
Moses said, “You say to me, ‘Bring up this people,’ but You have not let
me know whom You will send with me. Yet you have said, ‘I know You
by Name, and You have also found favor in my sight.’ Well, if I have
found favor in your sight,
show me now Your ways,
that I may know You...
Consider too that this nation
is Your people.”
And he {added}, “... Is it not
in Your going with us, so that
we are distinct, I and your
people, from every other
people on the face of the
earth?” - Ex. 33:12-16
In this confusing passage, God seems to be
persuaded by Moses to relent and now
agrees to “go with” Israel.
But isn’t God omnipresent? Isn’t He “with”
Israel all the time wherever they go?
What exactly has Moses done to “find favor
in God’s sight”?
This phrase certainly emphasizes that Moses
is the “good guy” in this story.
But does it means that God will only “go
with” us if we do something to “find favor”
in God’s eyes?
- Ex. 33:17

The Lord said to Moses, “Cut for yourself two tablets of stone like
the first, and I will write on the tablets the words that were on the
first tablets, which you broke. ...Come up in the morning to the top
of Mt. Sinai, and present yourself there to Me. - Ex. 34:1-2
New tablets, renewed covenant
The Lord descended in the cloud and stood with him there, and...
passed before him and proclaimed, “The Lord, the Lord, a God
merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast
love and faithfulness, keeping steadfast love for a thousand
generations, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin...
... but who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of
the fathers on the children and the children's children, to the third
and the fourth generation.” . - Ex. 34:4-7

“Behold, I am making a covenant {with you}. Before your people I will do
marvels such as have not been in all the earth or in any nation. And all the
people among whom you live shall see the work of the Lord... - Ex.34:10
And so Yahweh is once again “with” His people. The tablets
of the Law are in a tabernacle (sacred tent) made with
great effort and expense to exacting specifications and with
rich materials including hard-to-obtain sea cow hides.

Let My Poeple Go Part 2 - In The Desert

Moving on
Throughout all their journeys, when-
ever the cloud was taken up from
over the tabernacle, the people of
Israel would set out.
If the cloud was not taken up, then
they did not set out until the day that
it was taken up.
The cloud of the Lord was on the
tabernacle by day and fire was in it by
night, in the sight of all Israel
throughout all their journeys.
- Ex. 40:36-38
So strike the camp! Time to move on to the Promised Land!

Moving fast
To keep a focus
on the action, we
must now
pass over:
 All 27 chapters
of Leviticus (de-
tails on how to
make 5 kinds of
offerings)
 12 chapters of
Numbers (details
on the camp, the
Levites, lamps,
etc.)

Moving in?
The Lord said to Moses, “Send men to spy out the land of Canaan, which
I am giving to the people of Israel. From each tribe of you shall send a
man, every one a chief among them.”
So Moses sent them according to the command of God. - Num. 13:1-3
{Moses gave them these guidelines to follow} “Go up into the Negeb
and into the hill country and see what the land is like:
 whether the people who dwell in it are strong or weak
 whether they are few or many
 whether the land that they dwell in is good or bad,
 whether their dwellings are camps or strongholds
 whether the land is rich or poor
 whether there are trees therein or not...
And {while you are at it} bring back some of the fruit of the land.
- Num. 13:17-20

Sneaking around
branch with a single cluster
of grapes. They carried it
on a pole between two of
them. They also brought
pomegranates and figs.
After 40 days they returned
from spying out the land.
They came to Moses, Aaron and all
the people of Israel in the wilder-
ness of Paran at Kadesh. They
brought back word to them and
showed them the fruit of the land.
- Num. 13:21-25
So they went up and spied out the land... They went up into the Negeb and
came to Hebron... They came to the Valley of Eshcol and there cut down a

Good news, bad news
before Moses and said, “Let us
go up at once and occupy it,
for we are well able to over-
come it.” - Num. 13:27-30
{They reported} that ...”the land to which you sent us flows with milk and
honey, and... fruit. However, the people who dwell {there} are strong and
the cities are large and fortified. We saw descendants of Anak. Amalekites
dwell in the land of the Negeb. Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites dwell in the hill
country. Canaanites dwell by the sea and along the Jordan.”
Caleb {the son of Jephunneh from the tribe of Issachar} quieted the people

before Moses and said, “Let us
go up at once and occupy it,
for we are well able to over-
come it.” - Num. 13:27-30
Good news, bad news
{They reported} that ...”the land to which you sent us flows with milk and
honey, and... fruit. However, the people who dwell {there} are strong and
the cities are large and fortified. We saw descendants of Anak. Amalekites
dwell in the land of the Negeb. Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites dwell in the hill
country. Canaanites dwell by the sea and along the Jordan.”
Caleb {the son of Jephunneh from the tribe of Issachar} quieted the people
Yahweh had repeatedly told Moses that He, Him-
self, personally would drive the inhabitants of
Canaan out so that His people could take over
the Promised Land (hence the name) right?
So, what was the reaction of the people to the
report of the spies and especially to Caleb’s
advice to invade ASAP?

Then all the people raised a loud cry and the people wept that night....
Israel grumbled against Moses and Aaron.
{They} said to them (sound familiar?), “Would that we had died in the
land of Egypt! Or would that we had died in this wilderness!
Why is God bringing us into this land to fall by the sword? Our wives
and our little ones will become victims. Better that we were to go back
to Egypt! .... “Let’s choose a leader and go back to Egypt.” - Num. 14:1-4
In Exodus and now in Numbers, God is not a god with Whom a Christian
can be comfortable or believe is the same as the God Jesus called “Abba”.
Yahweh is vengeful, capricious, jealous, spiteful, and cruel, slaughters
innocent children and animals in Egypt (and soldiers just doing their duty),
kills Hebrews who disobey Him and non-Hebrews who oppose the ones
who don’t. And He threatens to do so again soon to all of Canaan.
So, guess what He is planning to do now to the rebellious Israelites?
Rebellion!

“Kill them all.”
Just then the bright Glory of God appears at the Tent of Meeting. Every
Israelite sees it. God says to Moses, “How long will these people treat me
like dirt? How long refuse to trust me? After all I’ve done for them!
I’ve had enough! I’m going to hit them with a plague that will
kill them all. But I’ll make you, Moses, into a nation bigger and
stronger than they ever were.” - Num. 14:11-12 (The Message)

I’ve had enough! I’m going to hit them with a plague that will
kill them all. But I’ll make you, Moses, into a nation bigger and
stronger than they ever were.” - Num. 14:11-12 (The Message)
“Kill them all.”
Just then the bright Glory of God appears at the Tent of Meeting. Every
Israelite sees it. God says to Moses, “How long will these people treat me
like dirt? How long refuse to trust me? After all I’ve done for them!
We MUST resist taking these stories of the
anger of Yahweh as meaning God is like that!
Read literarily, not literally. These are “tall
tales”, memorable and even funny in places.
But they tell us more about the Hebrew story-
tellers than about the Almighty God.
And don’t forget that “the bad guys” in these
chapters are the Israelites themselves, not the
Egyptians or the peoples of Canaan.

Moses saves the people again
Moses said to the Lord....
{Hey! You’ve heard it before and so has God!}
(1) Reputation Nations will hear of it... {all} will say, ‘It is because the
Lord was not able to bring this people into the land that he swore
to give to them that he has killed them in the wilderness.’
(2) You promised! Let the power of the Lord be great as you have
promised, saying, ‘The Lord is slow to anger and abounding in
steadfast love, forgiving iniquity and transgression...’
(3) I beg You! ”Please pardon the iniquity of this people, according
to the greatness of your steadfast love, just as you have forgiven
this people, from Egypt until now.”
Then the Lord replied, “I have pardoned, according to your
word. But truly, as I live....

 “Since {you fear} the Amalekites and the Canaanites who dwell in
the valleys, turn {away from the Promised Land} and head back for
the wilderness by the way {you came} to the Red Sea.”
 “As I live,” declares the Lord, “your dead bodies shall fall in this
wilderness and not one of all from age 20 and up who grumbled
against me, except Joshua and Caleb, shall come into the land
where I swore that I would make you dwell.”
 “You shall know my displeasure according to the number of the
days you spied out the land, a year for each day; you shall bear
your iniquity 40 years. All this wicked congregation ... shall die.”
 “Your {children} I will bring in to the land that you have rejected.
Your children shall be shepherds in the wilderness forty years and
shall suffer for your faithlessness.”
 Then the spies who brought a bad report of the land died by
plague before the Lord (God spared Joshua and Caleb).
Punishment (Num. 14:21-45)

 “Since {you fear} the Amalekites and the Canaanites who dwell in
the valleys, turn {away from the Promised Land} and head back for
the wilderness by the way {you came} to the Red Sea.”
 “As I live,” declares the Lord, “your dead bodies shall fall in this
wilderness and not one of all from age twenty and up who have
grumbled against me, except Joshua and Caleb, shall come into the
land where I swore that I would make you dwell.”
 “You shall know my displeasure according to the number of the
days you spied out the land, a year for each day; you shall bear
your iniquity 40 years. All this wicked congregation ... shall die.”
 “Your {children} I will bring in to the land that you have rejected.
Your children shall be shepherds in the wilderness forty years and
shall suffer for your faithlessness.”
 Then the spies who brought a bad report of the land died by
plague before the Lord (God spared Joshua and Caleb).
Punishment (Num. 14:21-45)
As told in Exodus, Yahweh did not make His promise of the
Promised Land conditional on good behavior of the people.
But In Numbers, everything depends on the people’s strict
adherence to every detail of the many terms of the Covenant.
Here, the people are punished (and some executed) be-cause
they grumbled against God even though “Thou shalt not
grumble” was not one of the Ten Commandments.

Thus begins a long time of “wandering” (which, if based on an
historical event, likely took place) in the eastern portion of the
Sinai, north of the Gulf of Aqabah, near the Land of Edom.
Little of this is described in Numbers which runs for 22 more
chapters (!) most of which is about ordinances, lists of tribes,
skirmishes with local tribes, and an extended story of Moab.

Let My People Go
End of Lesson 6

Let My People Go
END PART TWO
This “Lessons-To-Go” Bible Study of the epic saga
of the birth of the nation of Israel continues in
“Part Three: Over Jordan” available on SlideShare
Direct comments and questions to me
(Mark Pavlin) at msp.291@charter.net

Let My Poeple Go Part 2 - In The Desert

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Let My Poeple Go Part 2 - In The Desert (20)

More from Mark Pavlin (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Let My Poeple Go Part 2 - In The Desert