Light Elements ......................................................
- 2. How do these two types of balloons differ? https://www.quezoncityflowershop.com/images/detailed/7/ new-birthday-balloon-6.jpg •https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com
- 3. Give evidence for and explain the formation of the light elements in the Big Bang theory (S11/12PS-IIIa- 1) Learning competency
- 4. 1. cite evidence/s that supports big bang theory; Specific objectives: 2. explain the formation of light elements; and 3. value the importance of light elements.
- 6. balloons balloon pump (optional) 3 different colors of marker ruler/tape measure Cosmic inflation
- 7. 1. Mark three dots of the different colors of marker on the surface of the uninflated balloon. 2. Inflate the balloon with a pump or your breath. 3. Measure the distance of the three dots. Procedure:
- 8. 1. What do the balloon and the three dots represent? 2. What did you observe with the distance of the three dots before and after the inflation of the balloons? 3. Why do the dots appear to be moving away from each other? 4. Are the dots moving across the balloon? 5. What evidence of the Big Bang model is being of the three dots? Guide questions
- 10. Big bang theory widely accepted cosmological theory
- 11. Big bang theory explains the primordial creation and expansion of space at the beginning of time
- 12. Big bang theory The vast universe grew out of something where all matter and energy were compressed to infinite density and heated to trillions of degrees.
- 13. Piece of Evidences Measurements showed that the universe is expanding and that galaxies are moving away from one another.
- 14. Originally discovered by the Austrian mathematician and physicist, Christian Doppler (1803-53), this change in pitch results from a shift in the frequency of the sound waves. The doppler effect
- 15. The radiation emitted by an object moving toward an observer is squeezed; its frequency appears to increase and is therefore said to be blueshifted. The doppler effect Blueshift: This spectrum shows hydrogen shifted to the blue end of the spectrum. This star is moving toward Earth.
- 16. In contrast, the radiation emitted by an object moving away is stretched or redshifted. The doppler effect Redshift: This spectrum shows hydrogen shifted to the red end of the spectrum. This star is moving away from Earth.
- 17. Blueshifts and redshifts exhibited by stars, galaxies and gas clouds also indicate their motions with respect to the observer. The doppler effect
- 18. Piece of Evidences Measurements showed that the universe is expanding and that galaxies are moving away from one another. Cosmic background radiation was detected.
- 20. The electromagnetic radiation emitted by a moving object also exhibits the Doppler effect. The doppler effect Redshift, a phenomenon of electromagnetic waves such as light in which spectral lines are shifted to the red end of the spectrum.
- 21. Piece of Evidences Measurements showed that the universe is expanding and that galaxies are moving away from one another. Cosmic background radiation was detected. Primordial helium was discovered.
- 22. NASA's Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite has given astronomers their best glimpse yet at the ghostly cobweb of helium gas left over from the big bang, which underlies the universe's structure. The helium is not found in galaxies or stars but spread thinly through the vastness of space. The helium traces the architecture of the universe back to very early times. This structure arose from small gravitational instabilities seeded in the chaos just after the big bang. These FUSE observations help confirm theoretical models of how matter in the expanding universe condensed into a web-like structure pervading all the space between galaxies.
- 23. Big bang
- 24. Big bang Just a few seconds after the big explosion, an unimaginably high density of matter and radiant energy filled the entire universe.
- 25. Big bang Protons and neutrons combined. Then matter began to take form light elements.
- 26. Light elements
- 28. Key concepts The big bang is the expansion of the space. As the universe expands, it cools. The identity of an element depends on how many protons it has. The more energetic the particles are, the higher their temperature will be.
- 29. Nucleosynthesis refers to the process of creating new atomic nuclei from pre- existing nucleons primarily protons and neutrons. BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
- 30. is the process or formation of elements after the big bang BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
- 32. Big bang nucleosynthesis hydrogen to helium-4
- 33. Big bang nucleosynthesis Hydrogen to Helium-4 n + p → 2 H + y 2 H + n → 3 H + y 2 H + p → 3 He + y 2 H + 2 H→ 3 He + n 2 H + 2 H → 4 He + y 3 H + p → 4 He + y 3 He + n → 4 He + y 3 H + 2 H → 4 He + n 3 He + 2 H → 4 He + p
- 35. How is lithium-6 formed? Drill exercise 2 H+ 4 He → 6 Li+ y
- 36. Drill exercise How is lithium-7 formed? 3 He + 4 He → 7 Li + y
- 37. How is beryllium-9 formed? Drill exercise 2 H+ 7 Li → 9 Be + y
- 38. How do these two types of balloons differ? https://www.quezoncityflowershop.com/images/detailed/7/ new-birthday-balloon-6.jpg •https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com
- 39. Evidence that Hydrogen and Helium are primordial elements
- 45. EVALUATION: 1. 7 Be + n → 7 Li + ___ 2. 2 H + 3 H → ___ + n 3. 3 H + ___ → 7 Li + y 4. n + ___ → D + y 5. 1 H + ___ → 2 H + y Complete the following equations (in the formation of light elements).
- 46. EVALUATION: 1. 7 Be + n → 7 Li + 1 H 2. 2 H + 3 H → 4 He + n 3. 3 H + 4 He → 7 Li + y 4. n + p → D + y 5. 1 H + n → 2 H + y Complete the following equations (in the formation of light elements).
- 47. Index of mastery
- 48. THANKS FOR JOINING THE CLASS!
- 49. I am not ready for your comments and suggestions.
- 50. THANKS FOR JOINING THE CLASS! +123-456-7890 @reallygreatsite hello@reallygreatsite.com
Editor's Notes
- #9: Very good, groups 1&2. Let us see later on during our discussion if your answers are correct.
- #11: Also known as the theory which states the universe was created billions of years ago as a result of a giant explosion.
- #12: According to BBT, the universe began from an extremely hot, dense point smaller than a subatomic particle and heated to trillions of degrees..
- #13: *1964 – cosmic background rad is electromagnetic radiation that fills all space which was discovered by US physicist, Arno Allan Penzias and radio astronomer Robert Woodrow Wilson . The radiation observed was the same in all directions and found to be independent of direction. Scientist considered it as an echo or shockwave of the big bang. Remnants * Consistent with the belief that h and he were the first elements to be formed in the early stages of the evolution of the universe
- #18: *1965 – cosmic background rad is electromagnetic radiation that fills all space which was discovered by US physicist, Arno Allan Penzias and radio astronomer Robert Woodrow Wilson . The radiation observed was the same in all directions and found to be independent of direction. Scientist considered it as an echo or shockwave of the big bang. “Remnants”
- #22: * Consistent with the belief that h and he were the first elements to be formed in the early stages of the evolution of the universe
- #23: Quarks that combine = protons and neutrons
- #25: The combination of protons and neutrons leads to the formation of light elements through the process of BBN
- #28: Distribute the periodic table of elements.
- #30: In short, BBN
- #31: The elements or product of BBN are
- #32: Recall atomic number and atomic mass, charges of protons and neutrons. Insert isotopes discussion
- #38: Ask again. Through the application of concept:
- #39: What do you think is the most common product of hydrogen here on earth? Hydrogen is a crucial component of water (H₂O). The abundance of hydrogen in the universe contributes to the formation of water molecules, a substance vital for all known forms of life on Earth. Water is used in various daily activities, such as drinking, cooking, and hygiene.
- #40: Hydrogen implication to us. What do you think is the importance of primordial elements?
- #41: Due to its abundance, hydrogen cell technology – clean air (costly)
- #42: Medical field? Hydrogen peroxide H2O2
- #43: Supplying hydrogen to industrial users is now a major business around the world. Demand for hydrogen, which has grown more than threefold since 1975, continues to rise – almost entirely supplied from fossil fuels, with 6% of global natural gas and 2% of global coal going to hydrogen production. As a consequence, production of hydrogen is responsible for CO2 emissions of around 830 million tons of carbon dioxide per year, equivalent to the CO2 emissions of the United Kingdom and Indonesia combined.