Light & luminous
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The document discusses different types of lighting used in architecture, including natural lighting from the sun and artificial lighting sources. It describes several types of architectural luminaires - soffits, valances, and coves - that are used to direct light downward or both upward and downward to provide wall washing and general lighting. Precautions for installing different luminaires and options for shielding lighting elements are also covered.
Light & luminous
- 1. Submitted By: PRERNA SHARMA II Year, IV Semester
- 3. Light is all around us, and it increasingly affects our daily lives. For example, we have started to carry personal light sources around with our smartphones, & in our homes many electrical machines now utilize light to display information and simply to appear more attractive. In a larger context, architecture and cities have also developed a new dimension with the advent of electrical lighting for work and entertainment.
- 4. For appropriate lighting, the luminaires must have optics, reflectors and lenses which produce a wide range of lighting effects: from very focused beams of light for small objects or lighting details, to wall washer lighting effects for evenly lighting walls and vertical display surfaces. The introduction of LEDs throughout the range of architectural lighting luminaires is a response to the need to combine light quality and energy efficiency. The LEDs are selected from the best in the world to guarantee top performance in terms of lifetime, unchanging colour and energy efficiency.
- 6. Natural Light Artificial Light
- 7. The most important source of natural light is the sun. The sun gives the earth light and energy. The moon and stars receive light from the sun and reflects it to the earth. A firefly also produces light.
- 8. Artificial light sources are categorized by the technology used to produce the light. There's dozens of sources, with a few common in household applications and others more suitable for industrial uses. The five most common light sources are as follows: Incandescent lamp. Compact fluorescent lamp. Fluorescent tube. Discharge lamps. Light Emitting Diode (LED).
- 9. Incandescent lamp Compact fluorescent lamp.
- 10. Fluorescent tube Discharge lamps.
- 11. LED
- 12. General Lighting Natural Lighting Local Lighting Task Lighting Accent Lighting Ambient Lighting Asthetic Lighting
- 13. General Lighting: Lighting designed to provide a uniform level of illumination.
- 14. Natural Lighting. Sunlight, Candlelight and Firelight. The quality of Sunlight will depend on the time of the day and the season within the year. Candlelight/ Firelight is light that moves and is sometimes referred to as kinetic light.
- 16. Local Lighting: Lighting designed to provide a relatively high level of illumination over a small area, with a surrounding area of lower intensity from spilled light.
- 18. Task Lighting: Lighting designed to provide a strong illumination for visually demanding activities. It needs to be glare-free. Effective task lighting enhances visual clarity and keeps the eyes from getting tired
- 20. Accent Lighting: Lighting that calls attention or adds interest to a particular object or unusual feature of interest in a room. Highlight emphasizes illumination with a strong light; backlight illuminates from behind in order to embrace depth or to separate the object from the background; sidelights is light coming the side.
- 22. Ambient Lighting: A hidden source of light that washes the room with a glow. It flattens an interior and creates very little shadow.
- 23. Aesthetic Lighting. Lighting itself can be a work of art. A neon sculpture would be purely decorative and is an example of aesthetic lighting.
- 26. Architectural luminaires are built-in lighting systems. A simple architectural luminaire houses one or more inexpensive linear fluorescent lamps. The luminaire mounts to the ceiling or wall; a shielding board conceals the lamps.
- 27. There are a variety of ways to secure architectural luminaires. Fastening a luminaire for linear fluorescent lamps directly to the ceiling or wall reduces the weight on the shielding board, which can be attached to perpendicular walls using angles, hinges, or wood blocking. For longer shields or when luminaires are attached to the shielding board, metal brackets or wood blocking screwed or lag bolted to the rear wall support the additional weight. Build the luminaires so that lamps can be replaced without removing the shielding board. CAUTION - Architectural luminaires wash walls and ceilings, highlighting finish imperfections such as taping and sanding irregularities.
- 28. Architectural luminaires that direct light downward are called soffits. Soffits wash walls and provide general lighting in rooms with low ceilings. Soffits can be used for direct lighting over a counter or a table in many work areas. Recessed soffits can be installed between joists that run parallel to the wall. In the given image, Bedroom with soffit luminaire.
- 29. Valances (architectural luminaires that direct light both upward and downward) provide general lighting and wall-washing. The top of a valance can be aligned with the tops of windows and doors. In the given image, home office with architectural luminaires. A valance luminaire is over the desk; a soffit luminaire washes the bookshelf.
- 30. Coves are architectural luminaires that direct light upward. Coves fit well in rooms with high or vaulted ceilings and above kitchen cabinets. For best results the top of a cove should be at least 18 inches from the ceiling and its base at least 6 feet 8 inches from the floor. In kitchens, install the cove right atop the cabinet, although the clearance often will be only 12 inches. In the given image, Kitchen with cove luminaire above the cabinets with a valance luminaire over the sink and under-cabinet lighting .
- 31. Architectural luminaires can often be left open above and below the shielding board. Baffles, louvers, and diffusers can eliminate most direct views of the lamps from normal viewing positions and landings overlooking the room. Baffles are parallel blades that come in different sizes, finishes, and blade heights, and spacings. One-inch-high white blades separated by a 1-inch space are usually appropriate. Baffles are manufactured 6 inches to 10 inches wide and 4 feet long. In the given image, Dinette with baffled recessed troffer luminaire containing linear fluorescent lamps.