Lighting Update: LEDs, OLEDs, and Controls

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Lighting Update
LEDs, OLEDs, and Controls
Senior Advisor, E Source
E Source Forum 2014
September 29–October 2, 2014
Ira Krepchin

www.esource.com || © 2014 E Source 2
Troffers Are Ubiquitous
The most common fixture:

Operate 10.5 hours/day

Draw 25 to 113 watts

Contribute to peak load

42 percent of lighting energy

Converting all to LEDs saves the equivalent of 27 million homes
Source: US Department of Energy (DOE), http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/caliper_21_t8.pdf
© E Source

Lots of LED Troffer Choices

Tubes

Use existing ballasts

Tubular kits

Tubes and drivers

Bypass ballasts

Driver may be internal or external

May or may not use existing sockets

Retrofit kits

Use existing housing; may include lenses

Luminaires
Source: LIthonia

LED Tubes, Existing Ballast

Pros

Lowest-cost LED

Easy to install; no rewiring

Considerations

Persistence

Life and efficacy similar to HP T8s

Need to confirm ballast compatibility and light distribution

Ballast life and losses

Check condition of lenses or louvers

Thermal management challenges
Source: Cree

Tubular Retrofit Kits

Pros

Moderately easy to install

Less expensive than troffers and full kits

Considerations

Life and efficacy similar to HP T8s

Installation requires electrician

Need to check light distribution

Check condition of lenses or louvers

Apply labels to inform maintenance
Source: Cree

LED Retrofit Kits

Pros

More efficient than HP T8s

Optics designed for LEDs

Easier to install than full troffers

Considerations

More costly than HP T8s, LED tubes

Need to verify physical fit and light distribution

Ensure UL is preserved
Source: LG Electronics

LED Luminaires

Pros

Most efficient

Luminaires designed for LEDs

Opportunity for redesign of lighting layout; improved quality

Longest warranties

Considerations

Most expensive

Look for modularity

Products should be UL listed

DOE Recommendations for LED Tubes

Findings from the recent DOE study on LED Linear Lamps and Troffer Lighting:

Choose carefully: good and bad products out there

Tube performance will vary with fixture type

Consider retrofit kits and high-performance fluorescents

LED T8s may be cost effective: high electricity rates, long hours, low installation costs

Do a mock-up or pilot

Lookin’ for Tubes in All the Wrong Places?

Acrylic lens: good chance

High-performance troffer: fairly good chance

Volumetric troffer: good chance

Parabolic louver: marginal

Recessed indirect: no

LED Tubes Are Getting Better, But…
Metric
High-performance T8
Philips InstantFit LED
Cree T8 series
LG retrofit kit
CRI
80s (R9~10)
85 (R9~20)
90 (R9~50)
82
Life (hours)
24,000 to 75,000
40,000
50,000
50,000
Efficacy (lm/W)
98
100 (95 to 116)
100
130
Cost ($)
5
24 to 39
30
130 to 175
Dimmable
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Ballast compatibility
All
IS; some PS; no dimming (yet)
90% of IS; PS; dimmable
NA
Notes: LEDs and fluorescents use different definitions of “life. CRI = color rendering index; IS = instant start; lm = lumens; NA = not applicable; PS = programmed start; W = watt.
© E Source

LED Troffer References
LED Applications: Tubes and Troffers, E Source, TAS-RB-79 (2014)
LED Linear Lamps and Troffer Lighting, US Department of Energy (2014)
Tubular LED Guide (PDF), Sacramento Municipal Utility District (2014)
A Guide to LED Retrofit Options for Linear Fluorescent Luminaires, California Lighting Technology Center (2014)

Prescriptive Rebates for LED Tubes

From E Source DSMdat

8 prescriptive programs for LED tubes

Rebate per tube: $4 to $10; some give more for T12

All tubes/fixture $18 to $90 for 4-lamp

Requirements

DesignLights Consortium listing

Same lumen output and distribution

Labels must be displayed

Save more than 25 percent for T8 and more than 50 percent for T12
Source: Philips

Natural Allies: LEDs and Controls
LEDs are easier to control than high-intensity discharge (HID) or fluorescent

Instant response

Insensitive to frequent on/off cycling

Easy to dim; dimming may increase lamp life

Check for compatibility; there have been some problems with incandescent dimming

Can change color temperature

Mimic incandescent dimming

Health and productivity impacts

LED High-Bay Case Study: Ace Hardware

Project with Pacific Gas and Electric, the Emerging Technologies Coordinating Council, and Digital Lumens

Baseline: metal halide; no automatic controls

Installed: intelligent LED fixtures

Networked, software, sensors, wireless communications

93 percent energy savings (50 percent light source, 43 percent controls)

3.6-year payback
Source: Digital Lumens

Challenges with Controls

State of the art

Advanced controls: sensors, graphical user interfaces (GUIs), flexible grouping, networked; Required by 90.1, Title 24, LEED

Marginal use (for example, less than 0.5 percent in northeast utility programs)

Challenges: many systems still don’t work right

Lack of electrician training

Poor documentation

Lack of standards

Hard to predict savings

Harder to justify because LEDs reduce energy to lower levels to begin with

Moving Forward with Controls

Green Light New York: 25 percent could use daylight; working with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory on some demos; www.greenlightny.org

Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships: Commercial Advanced Lighting Controls (CALC) Initiative

Education

Program offerings

Savings calculator

Qualified products list

Demonstration projects

Smart Bulbs, Smart Apps
Q: How do you make a profit with a bulb that lasts a lifetime? A: Make it a consumer electronics item or a service

Smart bulbs

For example, hue from Philips: iPhone control, networked, color- changing, lots of applications

Demand-response applications?

Others: GE, Osram with Comcast, GreenWave Reality, Lumen Bluetooth, Bluetooth Bulb, LIFX, TCP
Source: Philips

Philips hue
www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVGDckDhXEM

OLED Are Coming

Organic LED (OLED) features:

Thin, flat, flexible, diffuse

New possibilities: wearable lights, illuminated wallpaper

A few years behind LEDs

The US Department of Energy reports prototype at 131 lm/w, L50 = 55,000 hours

Osram prediction

Mainstream for autos within 2 years

Performance parity by 2016

Price parity by 2020

Market report—$6.7 billion by 2023
Source: Acuity

Source: Acuity
OLEDs Set the Mood

Source: Acuity
OLEDs Are Friendly

Source: LG Display
OLEDs Are Flexible

Ira Krepchin
Senior Advisor, E Source
617-739-6723 ira_krepchin@esource.com
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