Linux command line
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This document provides a summary of common Linux commands organized into categories including file commands, system commands, file searching commands, file encryption and compression, process management, keyboard shortcuts, SSH, disk space, and package installation. It describes the basic functions of commands like ls, cd, grep, tar, find, kill, top, du, and packages management tools. The document aims to uncomplicate Linux commands for newcomers to the command line.
Linux command line
- 1. File Commands System Commands File Searching Commands File Encryption and Compression Linux Command Line Cheatsheet Make Tech Easier Uncomplicating the complicated ls - List the content of the current directory uname -a - Show system and kernel ls -R - List the subdirectories recursively head -n1 /etc/issue - Show distribution ls -a - List all the content, including hidden files mount - Show mounted filesystems ls -l - List the content and its information date - Show system date pwd - Output the current directory that you are in uptime - Show system uptime cd folder1 – Change the working directory to folder1 whoami - Show your username cd - Return to the $Home directory w - Display who is online cd .. - Go up a directory man command - Show manual for command cd - - Return to the previous directory mount -o loop cdrom.iso /mnt/dir - Mount cdrom.iso at /mnt/dircp source destination – Copy source to destination cp -r source destination – Copy a folder recursively from source to destination cat /proc/partitions - Show all partitions registered on the system mv source destination - Move (or rename) a file from source to destination grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo - Show RAM total seen by the system rm file1 - Remove file1 grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo - Show CPU(s) info rm -f file1 - Remove file1 without prompt lspci -tv - Show PCI info rm -r folder - Remove a folder and its content recursively lsusb -tv - Show USB info mkdir foldername – Create a new folder foldername !! - Repeat the last command rmdir foldername – Remove an empty folder exit – Log out of current session file file1 – Show the file type of file1 cat file1 file2 – Concatenate file1 to file 2 cat > file1 – Concatenate standard input to file1 grep pattern files - Search for pattern in files less file1 - View and paginate file1 grep -i - Case insensitive search head file1 - Show first 10 lines of file1 grep -r - Recursive search tail file1 - Show last 10 lines of file1 grep -v - Inverted search chmod 777 file - Change file permission of file to 777 grep -o - Show matched part of file only chown user:group file - Change ownership of file to user and group group locate file1 - Find file1 whereis command - Find binary/source /manual for command ln -s source destination – Create a symbolic link from source to destination which app – Locate a command for the app look string file1 - Display any lines in file1 which contain string as a prefix. find /dir/ -user name - Find files owned by name in dir gpg -c file - Encrypt file find /dir/ -mmin num - Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dirgpg file.gpg - Decrypt file.gpg tar -cf archive.tar foo bar - Create archive.tar from files foo and bar find /dir/ -name name* - Find files starting with name in dir tar -xf archive.tar - Extract all files from archive.tar.
- 2. Process Management Keyboard Shortcuts SSH Disk Space Package Installation Do you like this cheat sheet? tar -czf archive.tar.gz foo bar - Create archive.tar.gz from files foo and bar, with Gzip compression ps - Show snapshot of processes tar -xzf archive.tar.gz - Extract a tar using Gzip top - Show real time processes tar -cjf archive.tar.bz2 foo bar - Create archive.tar.bz2 from files foo and bar, using Bzip2 compression. kill pid - Kill process with id pid pkill name - Kill process with name name tar -xjf archive.tar.bz2 – Extract a tar using Bzip2 killall name - Kill all processes with names beginning name gzip file1 – Compress file1 and rename it to file1.gz gzip -d file1.gz – Decompress file1.gz Ctrl + Shift + c - Copy a highlighted text Ctrl + Shift + v – Paste a copied text ssh $USER@$HOST – Connect to $Host as $USER Ctrl + z - Sleep program ssh $USER@$HOST command - Run command on $HOST as $USER Ctrl + c – Stop current command Ctrl + r – Start a search ssh $USER@$HOST -p 1234 – Connect to $HOST as $USER on port 1234 Ctrl + u – Cut from start of line Ctrl + k – Cut to end of line scp file1 $USER@$HOST:file1 – Secure copy file1 from local machine to file1 at remote $HOST Ctrl + a – Go to start of line Ctrl + e – Go to end of line scp $USER@$HOST:file1 file1– Secure copy file1 from remote $HOST to file1 at local machine scp -r foo $USER@$HOST:/bar – Secure copy the folder foo from local machine to the folder bar at remote $HOST df -h - Show free space on mounted filesystems df -i - Show free inodes on mounted filesystems du -h folder – Show file usage of each folder in folder du -sh folder – Show the total file size of folder dpkg -i package.deb - Install a deb package fdisk -l - Show disks partitions sizes and types (run as root) rpm -Uvh package.rpm – Install a rpm package free – Show memory and swap usage Visit MakeTechEasier.com for more useful tech tutorials, tips and tricks