![Directory Oriented commands
Ls
This command is used to list the contents of specified
directory.
General format is,
ls [-options] <directory _name>
Where options can be,
a- list all the directories including the hidden files.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linuxcommands-170509203558/85/Linux-commands-3-320.jpg)
![Mkdir
This mkdir command (make directory) is used to make new
directories.
General format is,
Mkdir [-p] <directory_name1><directory_name2>
The option –p is used to create consequences of directories using
a single mkdir command.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linuxcommands-170509203558/85/Linux-commands-7-320.jpg)
![Rmdir
This rmdir (remove directory )command is used to remove
the specified directories .
A directory should be empty before removing it.
General format is,
Rmdir [-p] <directory_name1> <directory_name2>
The option –p is used to create consequences of directories
using a single rmdir command.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linuxcommands-170509203558/85/Linux-commands-8-320.jpg)
![df
Disk free command reports the available free space on the
mounted file systems.
General format is,
df [-options]
Where options can be
L shows local file systems only
K displays the size in kilobytes.
m displays the sizes in megabytes.
I reports free,used and percentage of used i-nodes.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linuxcommands-170509203558/85/Linux-commands-11-320.jpg)
Linux commands
- 1. 1)COMMAND FORMAT 2)WILD CARD CHARACTERS 3) DIRECTORY ORIENTED COMMANDS LINUX COMMANDS 1bhatvijetha
- 2. Command format A command is an instruction given to the shell. The general format of a command is, command –options command_arguments A command is normally entered in a line by typing from the keyboard. Commands , options and command arguments must be seperated by white space or tabs. Several commands are written in a single line.They must be seperated by semicolon(;).
- 3. Directory Oriented commands Ls This command is used to list the contents of specified directory. General format is, ls [-options] <directory _name> Where options can be, a- list all the directories including the hidden files.
- 4. l- lists the files in long format. r-list the files in reverse order. t-lists the files sorted by the last modification time. R-Recursively lists all the files and sub-directories as well as files in sub-directories. p-puts a slash after each directory. s-Displays the number of storage blocks used by a file. x-lists the contents by lines instead of by columns in sorted order F-marks executable files with * If directory name is not specified the contents of the current directory are displayed.
- 5. Wild Card Characters * represents any number of characters ? Represents a single character. For example, $ ls pgm* This command will list out all the file names of the current directory which are starting with “pgm”. $ ls *s This command will list out all the filenames of the current working directory which are ending with “s”. Prefix to s may be any number of characters.
- 6. $ ls ?gms This command will display four characters filenames which is ending with “gms” starting with any of the allowed character. Note: prefix to “gms”is a single character.
- 7. Mkdir This mkdir command (make directory) is used to make new directories. General format is, Mkdir [-p] <directory_name1><directory_name2> The option –p is used to create consequences of directories using a single mkdir command.
- 8. Rmdir This rmdir (remove directory )command is used to remove the specified directories . A directory should be empty before removing it. General format is, Rmdir [-p] <directory_name1> <directory_name2> The option –p is used to create consequences of directories using a single rmdir command.
- 9. Cd This is change directory command used to change the current working directory to the specified directory. General format is, Cd <directory_name>
- 10. Pwd This pwd (print working directory )command displays the full pathname for the current working directory. General format is, Pwd Example $pwd /home/bmi Your present working directory is /home/bmi.
- 11. df Disk free command reports the available free space on the mounted file systems. General format is, df [-options] Where options can be L shows local file systems only K displays the size in kilobytes. m displays the sizes in megabytes. I reports free,used and percentage of used i-nodes.