Bash 4
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Bash is a widely used command line shell for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. The presentation discusses the history and evolution of Unix-based systems and introduces some of the key features of the Bash shell, including built-in commands, external commands, variables, expansion, loops, conditionals, I/O redirection, and user input handling. It highlights new features introduced in Bash version 4 such as associative arrays, expanded string manipulations, and coprocesses.
![Loops
#for VAR in items in list; do commands; done
#exit status - $?
#test - [ condition ]
#while [ test ]; do commands; done
#until [ test ]; do commands; done](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/load-101012054912-phpapp02/85/Bash-4-21-320.jpg)
![Conditional Statements
#Operators
>&&
>||
#if [ test ]; then commands
#elif [ test ]; then commands
#else commands
#fi](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/load-101012054912-phpapp02/85/Bash-4-22-320.jpg)
![Associative Arrays
#Declare -A array
#array[element]=hello
#echo ${array[element]}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/load-101012054912-phpapp02/85/Bash-4-28-320.jpg)
Bash 4
- 1. Bash 4 Linux Open Administration Days Pieter Colpaert_
- 2. #Understanding Bash >A little history >Reinventing UNIX #Speaking Bash #Bash 4 #_
- 4. A little history (1970)
- 5. And some UNIX today (2010) CC BY-SA – Larry Miller
- 6. But also #Routers #Mainframes #Servers #Smartphones #PDA's #Toasters #..._
- 7. Let's reinvent UNIX /rules/1# Writing software is one thing. Making it communicate is another_
- 8. Let's reinvent UNIX #Communication >Systemcalls to hardware through kernel >Systemcalls to user through a scriptinglanguage_
- 9. Why Bash? #Not much knowledge required #Combines C-shell, Bourne Shell, … #Free Software #_
- 10. What the hell is wrong with a GUI? #Nothing >For once in a life-time configurations >Living today is pretty awesome #Everything >When you have to configure 20 PC's the same way >When you don't want to install a demo-version of some proprietary tool >When you want to do things fast_
- 11. Speaking Bash_
- 12. Built-in commands &, (( )), ., :, [, [[, alias, bg, bind, break, builtin, caller, case, cd, command, compgen, complete, compopt, continue, coproc, declare, dirs, disown, echo, enable, eval, exec, exit, export, false, fc, fg, for, for, function, getopts, hash, history, if, jobs, kill, let, local, logout, mapfile, bind, printf, pushd, pwd, read, readarray, readonly, return, set, select, shift, shopt, source, suspend, test, time, times, true, typeset, ulimit, umask, unalias, unset, until, variables, wait, while, { cmd; }
- 14. man-pages #If you don't know how a command works >man command >info command
- 15. Hello World! On stdout: #echo hello world! On stderr: #echo hello world! >&2 To a file: #echo hello world! > HELLOWORLD To the end of a file: #echo hello world! >> HELLOWORLD
- 16. Input ###################In script #read a b c #set - Set your $IFS! ###################From CLI #Script.sh < file #Here document: #script.sh <<EOF
- 17. Scripting Basics #Magic - #!/bin/bash #Add -x to debug #Comments - # #; = EOL # escapes EOL #chmod +x #echo $PATH
- 18. Expansion #VARIABLE=value >All-caps not needed, just recommended #echo ${VARIABLE} >{} not always needed, but stops problems >$ is necessary #declare -i VARIABLE=value >Specifies variable is an integer
- 19. Expansion #Command Substitution >$(command) >`command` #Tilde >~ = your home directory >~user = user's home directory #Wildcard globs >man 7 glob
- 20. Expansion #Prevention > escapes a single special character >“” escapes all but $, ` and >'' escapes all special characters
- 21. Loops #for VAR in items in list; do commands; done #exit status - $? #test - [ condition ] #while [ test ]; do commands; done #until [ test ]; do commands; done
- 22. Conditional Statements #Operators >&& >|| #if [ test ]; then commands #elif [ test ]; then commands #else commands #fi
- 23. Conditional Statements #case VAR in >option) >commands >;; >*) >commands >;; >esac
- 24. I/O Redirection #Combining 1 and 2 >&> >&>> >2>&1 >>&2 #Channel 0 – STDIN >< >-
- 25. User Input #Arguments >$1, $2, ${10}, etc. >$* or $@ >$#
- 26. Bash 4_
- 27. Bash4 #Associative arrays! #Expansions ~ perl #Coproc #..._
- 28. Associative Arrays #Declare -A array #array[element]=hello #echo ${array[element]}
- 29. New expansions Substring #${#:0:1} Case modification #${var^^} #${var^} #${var,} #${var,,}
- 30. Chopping strings Get the extension of the current script #${0##*.} #${0#*.} (not correct) Get the filename without extension #${0%.*} #${0%%.*} (not correct)
- 31. Examples
- 32. Questions #CC BY-SA