Long term memory testing
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The document discusses testing of long-term memory. It describes different types of memory including explicit, implicit, procedural, declarative, semantic and episodic memory. It provides examples of tests to evaluate procedural memory like pursuit rotor tasks and serial reaction time tasks. It also discusses using personal questions to test semantic memory and historic facts to consider a patient's education level. The document outlines how different brain regions are associated with different memory types and how fMRI studies support this.
Long term memory testing
- 1. Testing of long term memory: Dr.Roopchand.PS Senior Resident Academic Department of Neurology TDMC, Alappuzha
- 2. Memory: • Ability of the brain to store and retrieve information. – Explicit memory: conscious, intentional recollection of an event or item of information. – Includes – immediate, short term and long term memories. – Implicit memory: Unconscious retention in memory, as evidenced by the effect of a previous experience or previously encountered information on current thoughts or actions. – Includes – motor memory.
- 3. Long term memory Procedural Declarative memories memories “Knowing how” “knowing that” Episodic memories Semantic memories ‘Personal ‘general knowledge’ recollection’
- 4. Contents of long term memory: • Procedural memory: – Memories for performance of action or skills – “knowing how” • Declarative memory: – Memories of facts, rules, concepts and events; includes semantic and episodic memory. – “knowing that”
- 5. • Semantic memory: – General knowledge, including facts, rules, concepts and propositions. • Episodic memories: – Personally experienced events and the contexts in which they occurred.
- 6. How to Remember things!!! • Maintenance rehearsal: rote repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory. • Elaborative rehearsal: association of new information with already stored knowledge and analysis of new information to make it memorable.
- 7. Anatomic correlate of long term memory: • Thought to reside in multiple cortical region. – Visual association cortex for visual memory. – Temporal cortex for auditory memory. – Left lateral temporal cortex : knowledge of word meaning. • fMRI studies support this concept. • Memory can be retrieved with out the hippocampal system from neo cortex.
- 8. Testing: • Personal information: – Where were you born? – School information – Vocation history – Family information
- 9. • Historic Facts: – Always consider patients education level. – Ask about common historic facts, if possible sequentially.
- 10. Registration vs Retrieval? • A clue is the clue to it.
- 11. Procedural memory testing: • Pursuit rotor task: • simple pure visual-motor tracking test that has consistent results within age groups. • measurement of procedural memory as well as demonstrates the participant's fine-motor skills. • Amnesic participants show no impairment in this motor task when tested at later trials. • It does however seem to be affected by lack of sleep and drug use
- 13. • Serial reaction time task: – having participants retain and learn procedural skills that assess specific memory for procedural- motor skill. – Patiets with Alzheimer's disease and amnesia demonstrate a long retention time which indicates that they are able to retain the skill and demonstrate effective performance of the task at a later point in time.
- 14. • Mirror tracing task: – looks at the integration of the senses . – it is a visual motor test where the participants learn a new motor skill involving hand-eye coordination. – Drawing the image is the work of your procedural memory. – once you figure out how to draw the image in the mirror you have little difficulty the second time. – Alzheimer’s disease are not able to recall the skills acquired in a mirror tracing task, but they acquire the procedural performance ability regardless