Lp 1 function structure skeletal
- 1. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Allied Health Sciences One Linda Crawford, RN Class
- 2. The Skeletal System • The Skeletal System is the bony framework of the body. • It consists of 206 individual bones in adults.
- 3. The Functions of The Skeletal System • Supports the body and provides it’s shape. • Protects internal organs. • Movement and anchorage of the muscles. • Provides mineral storage. • Hemopoiesis (What?!)
- 4. Bone Formation • While a person is still an embryo, the skeleton is made of cells called osteoblasts . • The osteoblasts change to cartilage. • At 8 weeks, the cartilage is replaced by minerals. This is ossification. • The microscopic cells of which bones are composed are called osteocytes .
- 5. Bone Formation • Ossification is not complete by the time a baby is born, so the bones are still soft and flexible. This makes the birth process easier. • Babies have a “soft spot” on their heads to allow the head to fit through the birth canal. It is called a fontanel .
- 6. LONG BONES Long bones are just what they sound like. Long bones are found in the arms and legs. They are hollow cylinders of hard, compact bone. That makes them strong, yet light enough to move easily.
- 7. Structure of LONG BONES • DIAPHYSIS – long part or shaft of the bone. • EPIPHYSIS – ends of the bone. • MEDULLARY CAVITY – center of the shaft. Filled with yellow bone marrow which is mostly fat cells. But it also contains the cells that form white blood cells or leukocytes .
- 8. Structure of LONG BONES • ENDOSTEUM – lining of the marrow canal. • PERIOSTEUM – tough, fibrous tissue covering the outside of the bone. • COMPACT BONE – type of bone in the shaft or diaphysis. • SPONGY BONE - type of bone in epiphysis. Contain red marrow where red blood cells are made.
- 9. Bones can change… • Where less strength is needed in a bone, some of the hard bone dissolves and leaves spongy bone. • Osteoblasts are the bone cells that deposit new bones.
- 10. Two Parts per Skeleton! • The skeleton is made up of two different parts – the AXIAL and the APPENDICULAR • The AXIAL Skeleton contains the skull, spinal column, ribs, sternum (breastbone) and the hyoid bone.
- 11. The AXIAL Skeleton • The skull consists of 22 bones itself – 8 are cranium bones and 14 are facial bones. • The mandible is the lower part of the jaw and is the only movable skull bone.
- 12. Bones of the Skull • 1 frontal • 2 parietal • 2 temporal • 1 occipital • 1 ethmoid • 1 sphenoid
- 13. Bones of the Skull • 2 nasal • 1 vomer • 2 inferior concha • 2 maxilla • 2 lacrimal • 2 zygomatic • 2 palatine • 1 mandible
- 14. THE SPINE… A.K.A. The Vertebral Column • Encloses the spinal cord • Vertebrae – separated by pads of cartilage called intervertebral discs • Cervical vertebrae (7) • Thoracic vertebrae (12) • Lumbar vertebrae (5) • Sacrum • Coccyx
- 15. Ribs and Sternum • Sternum divided into 3 parts – The bottom tip is the XIPHOID PROCESS • There are 12 pairs of ribs. The first 7 are true ribs and are connected to the sternum by cartilage • The next 3 are false ribs – cartilage connects them to 7th rib (not the sternum) • The last 2 are floating ribs.
- 16. Bones of the APPENDICULAR Skeleton • SCAPULA (shoulder blade) • HUMERUS (upper arm) • RADIUS & ULNA (lower arm) • CARPALS (wrist bones) • METACARPALS (hand bones) • PHALANGES (fingers)
- 17. Bones of the APPENDICULAR Skeleton • PELVIS (3 bones – ilium, ischium, pubis) • Femur (upper leg – strongest bone in the body) • Tibia & fibula (lower leg) • Patella (knee cap) • Tarsal bones (ankle • Calcaneus (heel bone) • Metatarsals (foot bones)
- 18. Assignment… • Get a copy of the worksheet Label the Diagrams. • This consists of four drawings that you will label according to the instructions. • You may use the textbook as a resource. (Chapter 6; pages 83-103)