Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. He was born in 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat. Gandhi studied law in London and later practiced law in South Africa, where he experienced racism and discrimination, which inspired his advocacy for nonviolent civil disobedience. He helped organize several non-cooperation movements in India in the early 1920s, and led the Quit India Movement in 1942 calling for immediate independence. Gandhi was assassinated in 1948 by Nathuram Godse, with India gaining independence later that year.