2. Why Learn Parts of Speech?
Because Mr. Victor
loves to torture us!
3. Why Learn Parts of Speech?
They are the
building blocks of
English grammar.
Understanding and
applying a process
is learning to learn.
It is a foundation to
improve your writing.
4. The Eight Parts of Speech
Nouns
Adjectives
Pronouns
Verbs
Conjunctions
Prepositions
Adverbs
Interjections
5. Nouns
Names of persons,
places, things,
feelings, or ideas.
Example:
John has a
new car, and he
parks on the street
under a big tree in
Rocklin.
6. Nouns
Names of persons,
places, things, feelings,
or ideas.
Often indicated by
“noun markers” –
the articles a, an,
and the.
Example:
The boy on
the red bike hit a
bird with a rock at
the end of the long
road.
7. Nouns
Names of persons,
places, things, feelings,
or ideas.
“Noun markers” --
a, an, and the.
Noun endings:
-ness, -ment, -ance,
-ence, -ancy, -ency,
-ity, -ion, -ure.
Example:
Happiness is
the preference of
every action and is
the tendency toward
kindness and
contentment.
8. Nouns
Names of persons,
places, things, feelings, or
ideas.
“Noun markers” -- a,
an, and the.
Noun endings:
-ness, -ment, -ance, -
ence, -ancy, -ency, -ity, -
ion, -ure.
Can be made plural
with s or es.
Example:
The needs of
the masses may
conflict with
expectations of the
members of
legislative bodies.
9. Nouns
Names of persons, places, things, feelings,
or ideas.
“Noun markers” -- a, an, and the.
Noun endings: -ness, -ment, -ance, -ence,
-ancy, -ency, -ity, -ion, -ure.
Can be made plural with s or es.
10. Nouns-Different Kinds
Nouns-Different Kinds
The collective noun is
The collective noun is one collection
one collection of
of
many parts.
many parts.
A collective noun names a group, a collection. While it is
A collective noun names a group, a collection. While it is
made of many parts, it is ONE collection.
made of many parts, it is ONE collection.
We have one forest, but it is made of many trees.
We have one class, but it is made of many students.
We have one audience, but it is made of many people.
We have one team, but it is made of many players.
We have one troop, but it is made of many soldiers.
11. NOUNS-Different Kinds
NOUNS-Different Kinds
The Compound Noun
The Compound Noun
1.
1. The seventh grade students are new to
The seventh grade students are new to middle school
middle school.
.
2.
2. Mr. Victor hit a
Mr. Victor hit a bull’s-eye
bull’s-eye on his dart board.
on his dart board.
3.
3. Many people have seen the
Many people have seen the Golden Gate Bridge
Golden Gate Bridge.
.
4.
4. You probably want to avoid getting into a teacher’s
You probably want to avoid getting into a teacher’s doghouse
doghouse.
.
A compound noun is made up of two or more nouns put together to
make a new word. These words can be separated, hyphenated, or
simple joined together.
So, the rule to remember is that when two or more
nouns are joined together, they form a new word with
a new meaning and are called compound nouns.
12. Pronouns
Specialized words to
take the place of
nouns.
Example:
Paul gave Emily
stationery because
he wanted her to
write to him when
she could.
13. Pronouns
Specialized words to
take the place of
nouns.
Often refer to people
and have several
forms.
Memorize:
I he we she they
me him us her them
Other common
pronouns:
• you, it, this, that, who,
what, someone,
everything, anyone,
and many other similar
words.
14. Pronouns
Specialized words to
take the place of nouns.
Often refer to people
and have several forms.
May be possessive,
showing ownership
and working like an
adjective.
Example:
Her red car is faster
than my old Ford, but
their new Honda cost
more than ours.
Note the form:
I he we she they
me him us her them
my his our hers theirs
Others: yours, its, whose
15. Pronouns
Specialized words to take the place of
nouns.
Often refer to people and have several
forms.
May be possessive, showing ownership
and working like an adjective.
16. Verbs
The action or
“doing” words in a
sentence or state of
being.
The horse ran,
jumped and kicked
until it threw the
rider off its back.
Most verbs make
sense in the blanks
below:
• He _________.
• They ________.
17. Verbs
The action or
“doing” words in a
sentence.
“Linking verbs” show
a state of being.
Example:
She is a nice
person, and we are
her friends.
Memorize the
linking verbs:
Be, am, is, are, was,
were, been, being.
18. Verbs
The action or
“doing” words in a
sentence.
“Linking verbs” show
a state of being.
Change to show
time (tense).
Example:
Today I am on a bus,
and it goes past my
house.
Yesterday I was on a
bus, and it went past
my house.
The words that
change are verbs.
19. Verbs
The action or “doing”
words in a sentence.
“Linking verbs” show
a State of being.
Change to show time
(tense).
Complete verbs
include “helping
verbs.”
Always helping verbs:
Can Will Shall May
Could Would Should Might
Must
Always verbs, may be
helping:
• Have, has, had
• Do, does, did, done
• Be, am, is, are, was,
were, been, being
20. Verbs
The action or “doing”
words in a sentence.
“Linking verbs” show
a state of being.
Change to show time
(tense).
Complete verbs
include “helping
verbs.”
Example:
They might have
been going to the
store if they could
have gotten a ride.
21. Verbs
The action or “doing” words in a
sentence.
“Linking verbs” show a state of
being.
Change to show time (tense).
Complete verbs include “helping
verbs.”
22. Adjectives
Describe or modify
only nouns. They
help to clarify or
make the noun more
specific.
Example: A
big, red dump truck
hit a parked little
car and the worried
driver ran to the
other side of the
busy street.
23. Adjectives
Describe or modify only
nouns.
Answer questions,
“what kind?” “how
much,” or “how
many?”
Example:
The three tired teens
tried to eat a large pie
at two pizza parlors.
How many teens? three
What kind of teens? tired
What kind of pie? large
How many parlors? two
What kind of parlors? pizza
24. Adjectives
Describe or modify only
nouns.
Answer questions,
“what kind?” “how
much,” or “how
many?”
The “noun markers”
a, an, the are
always adjectives
called Articles.
Example:
The way to a smile and
an appreciative attitude
is through the stomach.
25. Adjectives
Describe or modify only
nouns.
Answer questions,
“what kind?” “how
much,” or “how
many?”
The “noun markers” a,
an, the are always
adjectives.
Usually “piled up”
before nouns.
Example:
The long, shiny black
limousine pulled in front
of the huge old
mansion, and a tall,
well-dressed older
gentleman got out.
26. Adjectives
Describe or modify only
nouns.
Answer questions, “what
kind?” “how much,” or
“how many?”
The “noun markers” a, an,
the are always adjectives.
Usually “piled up” before
nouns.
May follow linking verbs
and describe the
subject.
Example:
The river is deep, wide
and cold, but the divers
are brave and well-
trained.
Note: to test these, try
putting them in front of
the noun they modify.
27. Adjectives
Describe or modify only nouns.
Answer questions, “what kind?” “how
much,” or “how many?”
The “noun markers” a, an, the are always
adjectives.
Usually “piled up” before nouns.
May follow linking verbs and describe the
subject.
28. Adverbs
Describe verbs,
adjectives, or other
adverbs.
She quickly ran
ran to
her extremely tired
tired
friend and gave him
a very big
big hug.
“quickly” describes a
verb, “extremely”
describes a verb,
and “very” describes
an adjective.
29. Adverbs
Describe verbs,
adjectives, or other
adverbs.
Answer the adverb
questions: How?
When? Where?
Why? Under what
conditions?
Soon the very able
pilot confidently flew
west, and thus he
almost crashed.
.
When? soon
Where? west
How? very,confidently
Why? thus
What conditions? almost
30. Adverbs
Describe verbs,
adjectives, or other
adverbs.
Answer the adverb
questions: How?
When? Where? Why?
Under what conditions?
Often end in -ly
Example:
The extremely hungry
animal howled eerily in
the especially dark
night.
31. Adverbs
Describe verbs, adjectives,
or other adverbs.
Answer the adverb
questions: How? When?
Where? Why? Under what
conditions?
Often end in -ly
Always adverbs: not
very, often, here,
almost, always, never,
there
Example:
We do not very often
want them here, for
they are always late
and almost never want
to go there with us.
32. Adverbs
Describe verbs, adjectives, or other
adverbs.
Answer the adverb questions: How?
When? Where? Why? Under what
conditions?
Often end in -ly
Always adverbs: not, very, often, here,
almost, always, never, there
33. Prepositions
Specialized words to
start prepositional
phrases.
A prepositional phrase
is a group of words
describing things
which starts with a
preposition and ends
with a noun or pronoun.
The man on the bus
on the bus
with a hat
with a hat on his
on his
head
head looked at me
at me
and turned toward
toward
the window
the window.
.
34. Prepositions
Specialized words to
start prepositional
phrases.
Most prepositions
are small, common
words indicating
time, place, or
position/location.
Memory clue:
The rabbit went _____
the hollow log.
Memorize:
at, from, by, to, on, in,
into, onto, between,
under, over, against,
around, through, near,
beyond, behind
35. Prepositions
Specialized words to
start prepositional
phrases.
Most prepositions are
small, common words
indicating time, place or
position/location.
Some prepositions
simply must be
memorized.
Example:
The problem with him
with him
is that he sleeps
during the day
during the day and
spends most of the
of the
night
night with his friends
with his friends.
.
Memorize:
of, with, for, during
of, with, for, during
36. Prepositions
Specialized words to start prepositional
phrases.
Most prepositions are small, common
words indicating time, place or position.
Some prepositions simply must be
memorized.
37. Conjunctions
Words which
“hook/connect”
words, phrases, or
sentences.
Memory clue: FAN BOYS.
.
F
For
or B
But
ut
A
And
nd O
Or
r
N
Nor
or Y
Yet
et
S
So
o
Example:
She and I left, but they
stayed, for Joe or Ted
was coming on the
bus, yet not on time.
NOTE: FANBOYS are
called Coordinating
Conjunctions
38. Conjunctions
Words which “hook
together” words,
phrases, or sentences.
Some conjunctions
only hook clauses.
They include:
when, as, if, since,
because, while, after,
although, before
Example:
I ran when I saw her
because I was happy
since she was home.
Memory clue:
She is cute _____ she
smiles.
Note: These are called
subordinating
conjunctions
39. Conjunctions
Words which “hook together” words,
phrases, or sentences.
Some conjunctions only hook clauses.
40. Interjections
Words which show
emotion or are
“fillers” with no other
function.
Example:
Oh, I am surprised, but
please don’t do it
again. Ouch, you hurt
me. OMG! Can you
believe she did that?
