Making your data work for you: Scratchpads, publishing & the biodiversity data journal
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This document discusses making biodiversity data digital, openly accessible, and linked. It introduces Scratchpads, which are virtual research environments that allow taxonomists to make their work digital by uploading and tagging their data on a website. Scratchpads support the taxonomic workflow and allow for community revision. The document also introduces the Biodiversity Data Journal, a new open access journal that will publish small datasets to make them more accessible and link them together. It will have an online collaborative authoring tool and publish various types of biodiversity data papers.
Making your data work for you: Scratchpads, publishing & the biodiversity data journal
- 1. Making your data work for you: Scratchpads, publishing & the Biodiversity Data Journal EBI, UK Vince Smith1, Dave Roberts1 & Lyubomir Penev2 25 September, 2012 1. Natural History Museum, London 2. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria vince@vsmith.info
- 2. Our informatics grand challenge… ―Link together evolutionary data… by developing analytical tools and proper documentation and then use this framework to conduct comparative analyses, studies of evolutionary process and biodiversity analyses‖ Cyndy Parr, Rob Guralnick, Nico Cellinese and Rod Page. TREE. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.11.001
- 3. Our informatics grand challenge… ―Link together evolutionary This requires data, information data… by developing & knowledge to be… analytical tools and proper documentation and then • Digital use this framework to Not printed paper conduct comparative • Openly accessible analyses, studies of evolutionary process and Not behind barriers biodiversity analyses‖ • Linked-up Not in silos Cyndy Parr, Rob Guralnick, Nico Cellinese and Rod Page. TREE. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.11.001
- 4. Most of our output is not digital, open or linked • 15-20k new spp. described annually (2M total)1 • 30k nomenclatural acts (12M total) 1 • 20k phylogenies (750k total)2 • 31k taxa sequenced (360k taxa total)3 • 800k BioMed papers (40M total pp. of taxonomy) 4 • Countless specimens, images, maps, keys… Typically generated by small communities for “local” research projects Figures from 1) Zhang, Zootaxa 2011 4, 1-4; 2) Web-of-Science; 3) Genbank and 4) PubMed.
- 5. Scratchpad Virtual Research Environments Making taxonomy digital, open & linked
- 6. What is a Scratchpad? A website for you & your community 1 2 3 Your data Uploaded & ―Published‖ & reviewed tagged on your site Fast Intuitive Fit for use
- 7. Scratchpads • EDIT (07-11), ViBRANT / eMonocot (11-13) • Hosted websites for taxonomists • Taxonomic, regional or societal • Research & publication platform • Supports the taxonomic workflow • Modular (Drupal) & flexible • Two full time developers • Ecosystem of communities (~450) http://scratchpads.eu
- 8. Categories of Scratchpads Taxa (Classifications, taxon profiles, specimens, literature, images, maps, phenotypic, genotypic & morphometric datasets, keys, phylogenies) Conservation Projects Regions Societies
- 9. Summary of what Scratchpads can do • Taxon pages, generated from tagged content (plant/animal) • Bibliography management • Character matrixes • Specimen records • Distribution maps (from specimens and regional) • Images, video and sound (bulk import) • Excel spreadsheet import (dynamically generated) • Darwin Core Archive export • Tabular data editing • Custom content • User management • Custom webforms • EOL data import (taxonomy, species information) • GBIF Map integration
- 10. Scratchpad v.1 usage (2007- Mar. 2012) Nodes, 430, 948 Sites 326 Users 6809 Active Users 5733 (273 w / 759 m) Users Range: 1-1049 Sites Mean: 15 Mode: 1 • Prof. scientists • Amateur naturalists • Citizen scientists ViBRANT SP 2
- 11. Scratchpad 2 – the new version of Scratchpads • Launched March 2012 • 120 sites to date • EOL Fellows • SP1 migration ongoing • More professional • Easier to… - configure (workflows) - navigate (facets) - & populate (MS Excel templates) • Greater standardisation • Still highly flexible • Project profiles (eMonocot) • Framework for integration e.g. http://ihs.myspecies.info/
- 12. Getting data in and out of Scratchpads 2
- 13. Online community revision • Taxonomy is in perpetual beta - Constantly evolving - Changing contributors - Small granular contributions • Sustainability - A permanent space to work - Guaranteed access (2016) - Easy ways to get the data out • Open science - Beyond Open Access - New ways of working - Data management plans Freeloader flies http://milichiidae.info • Need incentives to use - More efficient (functions & reuse) - Attribution & provenance - Credit via citation • New forms of publication
- 14. Publishing observations & taxon data http://scratchpads.eu > http://gbif.org & http://eol.org Specimen records & species Pushed to GBIF & EOL pages on Scratchpads (requires site registration with GBIF & EOL) Darwin Core Archive (DwCA) >19K specimen records >377M specimen records GBIF > 122k species pages > 1 M species pages in EOL
- 15. Experiments with article publishing http://scratchpads.eu > http://pensoft.net Paper assembled from XML submission, peer review & Scratchpad database marked-up publication by Pensoft doi:10.3897/zookeys.50.539 XML HTML PDF 5-step workflow for selecting data, Published in Zookeys & Phytokeys adding metadata & previewing (worldwide coverage)
- 16. Example papers via Scratchpads… Blagoderov V, Hippa H, Nel A (2010). ZooKeys 50: Faulwetter S, Chatzigeorgiou G, Galil BS, Brake I, von Tschirnhaus M (2010). ZooKeys 50: 79–90. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.50.506 Nicolaidou A, Arvanitidis C (2011. ZooKeys 150: 91–96. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.50.505 327–345. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.150.1877 http://sciaroidea.info/node/44428 http://polychaetes.marbigen.org/node/35 http://milichiidae.info/node/14995 Live (updated) versions of these papers
- 17. BDJ The Biodiversity Data Journal Making small data big!
- 18. Why do we need another new journal!!! Taxonomy needs less fragmentation, not more! BUT… • We need to encourage taxonomists to mobilize & describe their data • This takes considerable effort (e.g. Scratchpads) • ―Arguably‖ this is best rewarded through credit • This means papers and citations • Process must be very easy for authors • Process must facilitate data reuse • Meet ―Open Data‖ policy commitments • The Biodiversity Data Journal is very different…
- 19. Biodiversity Data Journal (BDJ) • All data matters: No lower or upper limit of manuscript size! • Multiple publishing routes (not just Scratchpads) • ALL within a single online collaborative platform, including the writing of the manuscript! • New collaborative article authoring tool • Community peer review with ―open‖ &―public‖ options • This is in addition to conventional peer-review • Online editorial process and version control • Standards-compliant (Darwin Core, Dublin Core, NLM etc.) • Pre-defined Code-compliant article templates
- 20. BDJ publication & dissemination workflow GBIF-generated Manuscripts Scratchpads- manuscripts from generated from generated manuscripts metadata descriptions authors’ databases Authors Conventional manuscripts (MS Word, Open Office) Pensoft Journal System Pensoft Writing Tool (PJS) (PWT) Marked up final publication in PDF, HTML and XML formats
- 21. Pensoft manuscript writing tool Contributors • Collaborative online editing (mentor, linguis c editor, copy editor, poten al reviewer, colleague/friend) Con • Rich text capabilities trib u ng • Various templates for taxon treatments Inv ite • Identification keys builder Taxon treatment • Species occurrence data Template- import (Darwin Core based Interac ve key compliant) manuscript Checklist Authoring • Smart citation for figures, Lead author crea on tables, references & Data paper automated positioning Inv ite g • Assembling plates from single figures orin A uth • References import • (CrossRef, PubMed Central, etc.) Co-authors
- 22. Testing screenshots of the writing tool Manuscript preview Multi-figure plates Plate layout ID Key ID Key preview builder
- 23. Why publish in the BDJ? • Joining (small) data into a large data pool • Open-access, archiving and re-using your data through data aggregators • Providing citation record and creditability for data in the form of peer-reviewed publications • Facilitating online article authoring and editorial process for authors, reviewers and editors • Using a truly innovative dissemination of atomized content • Very low-cost. Free in the launch phase, thereafter at fee that anyone can afford!
- 24. What will BDJ publish? • Single taxon treatments and nomenclatural acts • Local or regional checklists • Sampling reports and occasional inventories • Habitat-based checklists and inventories • Ecological and biological observations of species and communities? • Single identification keys • ANY KIND of biodiversity-related database, including genomic, ecological and environmental data (data papers) • Biodiversity-related software tools Starting late 2012, early 2013 Recruiting editors now
- 25. BDJ Barcoding, genomic & environmental sequence papers Making small data big!
- 26. Mammal taxa added to Genbank annually Aus sp. = dark taxa", taxa (specimens) that aren't identified to a known species Proper Linnaean names
- 27. Proportion of mammal dark taxa in Genbank Aus sp. Proper Linnaean names
- 28. Proportion of invert. dark taxa in Genbank BOLD
- 29. Dark taxa are the norm for bacteria
- 30. A lesson in principles for dealing with dark taxa Roth v. Wikipedia http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2012/09/an-open-letter-to-wikipedia.html
- 31. But Wikipedia said ―no‖ ―I understand your point that the author is the greatest authority on their own work,‖ writes the Wikipedia Administrator—―but we require secondary sources.‖
- 32. But Wikipedia said ―no‖ One of Wikipedia’s core principles, along with things like neutrality, is verifiability: a reader must be able to look at a statement in a Wikipedia article and find out where it comes from. http://quominus.org/archives/981
- 33. Lessons for taxonomy & dark taxa… Taxonomic statements should be verifiable Literature is the evidence base for taxonomy Literature should be the evidence base for dark taxa http://quominus.org/archives/981
- 34. Example templates & dissemination Occurrence data Any other data ―Dark‖ taxon data Morphometric data BIODIVERSITY Genome descriptions MANUSCRIPT Image galleries Environmental XML sequence data MARK UP Structured text (data!) Biblio- Occurr- ARTICLES Taxon treatments Taxon names graphies ence data COL Plazi Wiki BHL
- 35. Example template & data fields
- 36. Workflow describing ―Dark Taxa‖ PWT – COLLABORATIVE Dark taxon sequenced ARTICLE AUTHORING TOOL MANUSCRIPT FINALISATION & SUBMISSION Automated submission to Pensoft BDJ – PEER-REVIEW Writing Tool Metadata: voucher specimen, images, locality, etc. MANUSCRIPT PUBLISHED Automated update of bibliographic metadata, taxon name, Zoobank record, etc.
- 37. Data published Nomenclature Literature Descriptions Plazi Images Occurrences
- 38. ―Dark Taxon‖ papers • Should contain… - The scope of the taxonomic, ecological & geographic coverage - The sources of voucher specimens - The sampling & lab. protocols used - The process used to ID taxa to which vouchers belong • Possible data fields include… - Average no. of records per taxon - Range of records per taxon (Min-Max) - Average, min. and max. sequence length - Range of intraspecific variation - Median variation with in taxon X% - Range of divergence to closed know taxon pairs (min & max?) - Median divergence between closest taxon pair
- 39. Possible discussion points… • The concept… - Is it a good approach to incentivize data publishing & good metadata practices? - The suitability for ―Dark Taxa‖, new genomes and env. sequence data - Is this more suitable for some data papers (e.g. dark taxa) than others? • The practicalities… - The fit to existing systems (both for data collection and dissemination) - The data fields (Dark Taxa‖, new genomes and env. sequence data) - Next steps in developing this concept
- 40. Acknowledgements • Scratchpad technical development - Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Ed Baker, Alice Heaton, Katherine Boulton, • Scratchpad outreach - Irina Brake, Laurence Livermore, Dimitris Koureas • E-Monocot - Paul Wilkin &the Kew team, Charles Godfray & the Oxford team • ViBRANT - Dave Roberts, Lucy Reeve & many many more • Pensoft - Lyubomir Penev, Teodor Georgiev & colleagues • Our 7,000+ users
- 43. Penso Penso Peer-review op ons Wri ng Journal Public Community Tool System Closed (PWT) (PJS) Review Review Nominated reviewers requests Review Editor Collabora ve Panel reviewers online wri ng Online edi ng Review Editorial decision & feedback Public reviewers Authors Publica on & All reviews assembled into a Online edi ng dissemina on single online version Author’s revised manuscript
- 44. Why we need new methods of publishing… RE-USE of CONTENT Publishing and sharing of primary data Primary data Drawings: Slavena Peneva