Management file and directory in linux
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This chapter on managing files and directories in Red Hat Enterprise Linux discusses using both graphical file managers and command line prompts, emphasizing the importance of understanding file system terminology such as extensions, paths, and root access. It covers topics like file types, naming conventions, and the process of file compression and archiving for efficient data management. The chapter provides guidance on creating, deleting, and managing files and directories effectively in the Linux environment.
Management file and directory in linux
- 1. Chapter three Managing Files and Directories Prepare by zkre S Saleh This chapter explores the general format of your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system. It bridges the differences between using Nautilus to manage the files on your system and using a shell prompt to manage them. It does not go into the minute details of using a shell prompt; those will be covered in Chapter 4 Shell Prompt Basics. This chapter orients you to the system as a whole, and then you can choose which method of management you prefer.
- 2. File System Terms extension An extension is that part of a filename that is found after the final ".". In the filename foo.txt ".txt" is the le's extension. Extensions are used to indicate le type. path A path is the string of directories and sub-directories you would have to navigate through in order to reach a given location in the le system.
- 3. File System Terms root access To have root access means to be logged in using the root account. This can be done from the main login screen, a shell prompt, or any application that requires your root password. Root access means that the user has permission to do anything on the system, so use root access with care. root directory The root directory is the top-most directory of the le system. All other les and directories exist in this directory or one of its sub-directories. Do not confuse the root directory, /, with root's home directory, /root/.
- 4. A Larger Picture of the File System Every operating system has a method of storing data in files and directories so that it can keep track of additions, modifications, and other changes. In Red Hat Enterprise Linux, every file is stored in a directory. Directories can also contain directories: these subdirectories may also contain files and other subdirectories. You might think of the le system as a tree and directories as branches. away the directories branch, everything is connected to the root directory, which is represented as a singe forward slash (/).
- 6. Managing Files File Types Naming Conventions Finding the Correct File Extension
- 7. Managing Files File Types
- 8. Managing Files File Types Compressed and Archived Files .bz2. a file compressed with bzip2 .gz. a file compressed with gzip . .tar. a file archived with tar (short for tape archive), also known as a tar file . .tbz or .tar.bz. a tarred and bzipped le . .tgz or .tar.gz. a tarred and gzipped le . .zip.a le compressed with ZIP compression, commonly found in MS-DOS applications; most compressed les for Linux use the gzip compression, so nding a .zip archive for Linux les is rare
- 9. Managing Files File Types File Formats .au. an audio le .gif. a GIF image le (short for Graphics Interchange Format) .html or .htm. an HTML le (short for Hyper Text Markup Language) .jpg. a JPEG image le (short for Joint Photographic Experts Group) .pdf. an electronic image of a document; PDF stands for Portable Document Format .png. a PNG image le (short for Portable Network Graphic) .ps. a PostScript file; formatted for printing .txt. a plain ASCII text file .wav. an audio le .xpm. an image le (short for X Pixelmap)
- 10. Managing Files File Types Programming and Scripting Files .c . a C program language source code le .cpp . a C++ program language source code le .h . a C or C++ program language header le .o . a program object le .pl . a Perl script .py. a Python script .so . a library file .sh. a shell script .tcl . a TCL script
- 11. Managing Files File Types Naming Conventions Finding the Correct File Extension
- 12. Managing Files Naming Conventions Dot Files Using Spaces in File Names Using Symbols in File Names Files with Multiple Extensions
- 13. Managing Files Naming Conventions Dot Files Using Spaces in File Names Using Symbols in File Names Files with Multiple Extensions
- 14. Managing Files Naming Conventions Dot Files Using Spaces in File Names Using Symbols in File Names Files with Multiple Extensions Files whose name begins with a ".", called "dot" files, are hidden files. These files can be viewed in both graphical file managers like Nautilus and from the shell prompt, but require an extra step to reveal them. command ls –al used for view the hidden files in your home directory, How to make hidden file or folder ? Touch .extension Mkdir .extension
- 15. Managing Files Naming Conventions Dot Files Using Spaces in File Names Using Symbols in File Names Files with Multiple Extensions While Linux allows file names with spaces in them, manipulating these files from a shell prompt can be quite cumbersome.
- 16. Managing Files Naming Conventions Dot Files Using Spaces in File Names Using Symbols in File Names Files with Multiple Extensions It is possible to use punctuation marks in your file names. However, be aware that these special characters have special meaning to the shell and may cause errors at a shell prompt. It is generally recommended that you avoid using special characters in file names for this reason. If you choose to use file names with special characters, use quotes around the file names when manipulating them from a shell prompt. You cannot use a "/" — this indicates a directory.
- 17. Managing Files Naming Conventions Dot Files Using Spaces in File Names Using Symbols in File Names Files with Multiple Extensions
- 18. File Compression and Archiving File Compression and Archiving It is useful to store a group of files in one file for easy backup, for transfer to another directory, or for transfer to another computer. It is also useful to compress large files; compressed files take up less disk space and download faster via the Internet. It is important to understand the distinction between an archive file and a compressed file. An archive file is a collection of files and directories stored in one file. The archive file is not compressed — it uses the same amount of disk space as all the individual files and directories combined. A compressed file is a collection of files and directories that are stored in one file and stored in a way that uses less disk space than all the individual files and directories combined. If disk space is a concern, compress rarely-used files, or place all such files in a single archive file and compress it.
- 19. File Compression and Archiving with GUI Applications >> accessories >> archive manager
- 20. File Compression and Archiving Shell prompt Compression Tool File Extension Decompression Tool bzip2 .bz2 bunzip2 gzip .gz Gunzip zip .zip Unzip
- 21. File Compression and Archiving Shell prompt Bzip2 and Bunzip2 bzip2 filename. extinction bunzip2 filename.ext.bz2
- 22. File Compression and Archiving Shell prompt gzip2 and gunzip2 Gzip filename. extinction Gunzip filename.ext.gz
- 23. File Compression and Archiving Shell prompt Zip unzip To compress a file with zip, enter the following command: zip -r filename.zip filesdir The -r option specifies that you want to include all files contained in the filesdir directory recursively. Zip –r filename.zip collection items Zip –r z.zip a b s q.png
- 24. File Compression and Archiving Tar Tar –cvf coll.tar 1 2 3 4 5 6 dirA dirB dirC Filename for archiving
- 25. File Compression and Archiving List Content of tar Archive File Tar –tvf coll.tar Add Files or Directories to tar Archive File Tar –rvf coll.tar 1 2 3 4 5 6 Check the Size of the tar, tar.gz and tar.bz2 Archive File Tar –czf – coll.tar | wc -c
- 26. File Compression and Archiving Tar Compression and Archiving z.Tar >>>> z.tar.gz Gzip z.tar
- 27. Managing Files and Directories Creating Directories Deleting Directories Dot Directories . Right-click on Desktop select Create Folder Change name with you want To create a new directory using a shell prompt, use the command mkdir. Enter: mkdir
- 28. Managing Files and Directories Creating Directories Deleting Directories Dot Directories . right click on it and choose Move to Trash, or click and drag the icon to the Trash on the Desktop. To delete an empty directory from a shell prompt, enter the command rmdir. To delete a directory that may not be empty (and consequently everything inside that directory), enter the command rm - rf <directory>.
- 29. Managing Files and Directories Creating Directories Deleting Directories Dot Directories Mkdir .name
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