Manajemen Informasi-Manajemen Informasi 1
- 2. Meeting 2 • Tree Discussion – System Concepts Information Management • Sub Principal Discussion – System – Information – Management – Understanding System Information • Objective Instructional Special – Student capable understand System Information Management , understand management system information and its role in organization
- 3. Basic Concepts of Driving License Understanding System Information Management Reviewed according to 3 phrases - System - Information - Management
- 4. System • System Definition – A collection of elements (elements/activities/procedures) that are integrated and cooperate with each other – Its existence forms a function to achieve goals • Example : – Computer system • Elements: Keyboard, CPU, Monitor, Mouse, Printer, Modem • Purpose: Data Processing – Body Systems • Elements: Body organs, five senses • Goal: Survival – Factory System • Elements: People, Machines, Order • Purpose: Production
- 5. System Characteristics • Component : something that is part of the system (object, rule, person) • Boundary : something that differentiates it from other systems • Environment : something that is outside the system (influences the system) • Connector (interface) : bridging functions between components • Input : something that is used as material for further processing • Processing : The activity of processing input materials into output results • Output : various forms produced through processing
- 6. System Characteristics • Goal (objevtive): something to be achieved in the short and/or long term • Goal : the final achievement to be achieved over a long period of time • Control : keeping the system running according to plans and objectives • Feedback : measuring system process operations (returning deviant conditions to standard) PROCESS OUTPUTS Controls Feedback INPUT Objective Goals
- 7. System Classification • Abstract Systems and Physical Systems – Abstract system: does not look real (OS, computer program) – Physical System: Looks real and can be touched (computer, human) • Natural Systems and Artificial Systems – Natural system: occurs by itself (solar system) – Human made system: the result of human work (computers, cars) • Certain Systems and Indeterminate Systems – Deterministic system: predicted and detected with certainty – Probablistic system: predictions are uncertain, there are probabilities • Closed Systems and Open Systems – Closed system: not influenced by the environment outside the system, receiving certain input produces certain output – Open system: influenced by the external environment, receives input from other subsystems and provides output to other subsystems
- 8. Data Information • Definition of Information – The results of data processing have become a form that has a certain meaning – Data -> a collection of facts that become material for further processing – Data form: object, qualitative, quantitative • Example : – Population information • Data: Population biodata (name, gender, TTL, occupation) • Information: Total population, poor population, DPT – Academic Information • Data: Student biodata, grades, activities • Information: Absenteeism per class, transcript, GPA, GPA, diploma Facts Process Information Process Data Information
- 9. Information Factor • Information Function – Increase knowledge – Reduce uncertainty – Reduces the risk of failure – Reducing diversity/variance – Provide standards (rules/measures/limits) Function, Cost, Value, and Quality of Information
- 10. Information Factor • Information Value – Ease of obtaining it – It is broad and complete – Pay attention to accuracy – Suitability to users (relevance) – Timeliness (timeliness) – Clarity – Flexibility – Can be proven (not prejudice/estimate) – Measurable Function, Cost, Value, and Quality of Information
- 11. Information Factor • Information Quality – System controls to eliminate errors – Internal and external inspection – Addition of data accuracy limits – Feedback from users to assess errors that may occur Function, Cost, Value, and Quality of Information
- 12. Information Factor • Information Costs – Hardware costs – Costs of analysis, design and implementation of the system – Venue and environmental costs – Change costs (method change) – Operating costs Function, Cost, Value, and Quality of Information
- 13. Management • Definition of Management – Management of activities to carry out the duties and functions and goals of an organization – The process of utilizing available resources to achieve goals • Activities in management – Planning, controlling, supervising, decision making • Resource – People, materials, capital – Information
- 14. Management Process • Operational Planning and Control – Low level management • Tactical planning and Management control – Middle level management • Strategic planning – Top level management Levels of management activities Details Information Information Management Top Middle Low User Information Strategic Operational (employment) Tactical Dalop Dir, Wadir Manager Spv Management Level and Information Users
- 15. Management information System • Definition – Phrase terminology: Activities carried out by a group of elements in an organization that are interrelated in an effort to solve a problem by utilizing resources management to arrive at a provision of information to support decision making – James Alter (1992) book Information Systems: A Management Perspective: A combination of work procedures, information, people and information technology organized to achieve goals in an organization
- 16. Management information System • Definition – Bodnar and Hopwood (1993) book Accounting Information System: A collection of hardware and software designed to transform data into useful information – Turban, McLean, and Waterbe (1999) book Information Technology for Management Making Connections for Strategies Advantages: Systems that collect, process, store, analyze, and disseminate information for a specific purpose
- 17. Similarities of various theories Product : Information Goal: Generate information for various parties Function: Management of input sources to become information Input source: Data and/or Information Objective Procedure Work Man Information Technology Information What the system is trying to do Ways of working Formatted data, text, numbers, pictures, sounds Entering, processing, Using data Hardware and Software that Processing data
- 18. The Influence of Information Systems Management in Organizations • Cost of running – Reduce costs, increase profits • Customer Service – Ease of service, improving service performance • Management Process – Orderly management of the organization
- 19. Examples of Information Systems • Airplane reservation system at travel agents • Credit transaction systems (cars, electronics, furniture) • Cash payment transaction system in supermarkets • Police driving license system • Academic system in higher education