Manipulation and discovery
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This document discusses mathematics education for young children. It defines mathematics as understanding numbers, operations, functions, probability, and measurement. Mathematics is best learned through interactions with the physical and social world, and through constructing mental relationships. The teacher's role is to provide language, ask questions, and supply materials to support children's discoveries. Mathematics should be integrated into daily activities like attendance, calendars, and cooking. Key strands to teach include logical thinking, measurement, geometry, patterns, functions, statistics, and arithmetic. Materials that support learning objectives like grouping, sorting, and counting are recommended.
Manipulation and discovery
- 1. Jo Ann Brewer MANIPULATION AND DISCOVERY MATHEMATICS
- 2. What is the definition of Mathematics? How Mathematics is learned ? How Mathematics is taught ? What are the Mathematical objectives? QUESTIONS
- 3. WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF MATHEMATICS ? 1ST QUESTIONS
- 4. For young children, mathematics is a way of viewing the world and their experiences in it. It is a way of solving real problems. Mathematics is the understanding of numbers, operations on numbers, functions and relations, probability, and measurement. It is much more than the pages of simple equations that you may remember working as a child. The early childhood years, mathematics should continue to be a manipulative activity. MATHEMATICS
- 5. How Mathematics is learned ? 2ND QUESTION
- 6. Piaget (1970) describes three ways that human beings can learn. They can learn from: 1- The physical world- Concept- Ex: hot cold, 2- The social world – Concepts such as “ Language” , religion … 3- The construction of mental relationship – concepts such as “ counting ‘ “ seriations” numeration”, conservation and so on HOW IT IS LEARNED
- 7. The learner creates categories and hierarchies of objects without regarding their physical properties. Example: setting the dinning table for three students. CONSTRUCTION OR LOGICO-MATHEMATICAL THINKING
- 8. If Math concepts are constructed by each learner based on the observations with real-life materials and situation then what are the responsibilities of the teacher? 1- To supply the language for the concept. The terminology. 2- To ask questions about what the children observe? 3- To provide the materials and the assistance that would enhance making those discoveries CONSTRUCTION OR LOGICO-MATHEMATICAL THINKING
- 9. How Mathematics is taught ? 3RD QUESTIONS
- 10. TEACHING MATHEMATICS According to Schwartz(1995), authentic mathematics occurs in the classroom when children play in learning centers , distribution of snacks or materials and should make sure to be an integral part in the school day. Examples: 1- Use attendance figure to know how many are absent and how many are presents. 2-A grocery store 3- A calendar: Today is ------yesterday was ----- and tomorrow will be -------. 4- Cooking activities.
- 11. MATHEMATICS STRANDS TO BE TAUGHT Logical Thinking and Mathematical Reasoning Measurement Statistics and Probability Geometry Patterns and Functions Arithmetic Statistics and Probability
- 12. Examples: 1- putting the sand toys in one container 2-Sorting dishes in the housekeeping area into storage area for plates 3-Classifying the unit blocks into different sizes for storage. 4- Comparing sets and using categories such as more- less- few – many . LOGICAL THINKING AND MATHEMATICAL REASONING
- 13. Comparing and Analyzing Information Example: 1- Observing and comparing the number of sunny days, cloudy days, snowy days or rainy days marked on the calendar. STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
- 14. MEASUREMENT Children are always interested in their own heights Weights, ages , ect.… Examples: 1- Using blocks to measure walls.
- 15. Encourage the learners to participate in activities that help them develop concepts of space and the relationships of objects in space ---- two triangles can make a square. Pizza A bar of chocolate GEOMETRY
- 16. Patterns are visual, auditory, spatial, numerical or combination of these. Promoting recognition of patterns is extremely important in helping young children develop mathematical concepts. PATTERNS AND FUNCTIONS
- 17. PATTERNS AND FUNCTIONS CONT’… Function: it is the pattern that is created when certain action are performed on objects or numbers. Example: Cutting an apple in the middle.
- 18. Arithmetic is a part of every strand in mathematical thinking. It includes: 1- one to one correspondence 2- counting 3-nunbers 4-place value 5-operations on whole numbers 6-fractions. ARITHMETIC
- 19. Go Thru the Slides again and see the materials used. MATERIALS
- 20. To Group To sort To classify To seriate To construct To weight To measure To count To graph OBJECTIVES
- 21. REFLECTION