MARSECH - DefensiveDriving_PPTVersion_v0.1_bn.ppt
- 1. Welcome to IBRAHIM– Defensive Driving •IBRAHIM AFEGBUA
- 2. Many of us have actually been involved in some type of accident. Most of the time, we feel it is the other driver's fault. Most drivers believe they are better-than-average but there is room for improvement in all of us. Introduction IBRAHIM– Defensive Driving
- 3. What is defensive driving? Defensive driving is a style of road driving that keeps you away from other people's problems. It's an intellectual approach that helps you save fuel, brakes, tyres and more importantly - lives. Driving to SAVE LIVES, TIME and MONEY, in spite of the conditions around you and the actions of others. Definition IBRAHIM– Defensive Driving
- 4. This course is designed to help you, an experienced driver, recognize the need for improvement. In the following pages, you will learn about: • Attitudes and Driving • Driving Rules • Accident Prevention IBRAHIM– Defensive Driving
- 5. Attitudes and Driving • Have a positive attitude • Drive defensively • Drive decisively • Drive dependably Recognize that attitudes change due to surrounding circumstances and therefore can affect your driving. Safe drivers:
- 6. To deal with road rage situations: • Put distance between you and the "rager" • Do not try to "get even" or "teach them a lesson" • Ignore the person causing the problem • Drive to a public area • Do not drive home • Call the police After an incident, allow yourself to calm down: • Take deep breaths • Listen to your radio, and • If necessary, pull to the side of the road for a few minutes - make sure the perpetrator has moved on before pulling over Attitude: Road Rage Attitudes and Driving
- 7. A defensive driver takes every reasonable precaution to prevent traffic accidents, over and above what the law requires. To become a defensive driver, "yield" rather than "take" the right-of-way. Adjust your behavior to handle: • Unexpected actions by other drivers and pedestrians • Unpredictable and continually changing factors of light, weather, road and traffic conditions • How you feel • Be dedicated to error-free driving Defensive Driving Attitude Attitudes and Driving IBRAHIM
- 8. Before you start each day, perform a simple pre-trip inspection including the following: Attitudes and Driving Decisive Driving • Brakes • Steering • Tires • Lights, signals and suspension • Mirrors and wipers • Horn • Safety belts and other devices IBRAHIM
- 9. Decisive Driving: Safe Practices Attitudes and Driving Remember the following: • Don't rely on another vehicle's signal lights alone. Confirm the driver's intention before you move into his or her path. • Obey traffic laws-- o Halt completely at stop signs o At controlled intersections, yield to the vehicle on your right if both of you arrive at the same time o Drive within the speed limit o Use your signals before initiating a turn • Do not assume that everyone knows how to drive in inclement weather. • Do not drink and drive. • Don't hurry, be a courteous & considerate driver.
- 10. Attitudes and Driving All three vehicles have: • Crossed the white painted stop-line • Poor lane positions Decisive Driving: Check It Out
- 11. Dependable Driving Your senses play an important role in being a dependable driver: Attitudes and Driving •Sight - your vision decreases as speed increases, so make sure to obey all speed limits and keep alert, also by watching for turn signals and brake lights. •Feelings - can warn us of a deficiency in some area of driving, for instance you are cornering too fast or have already started to skid. •Hearing - communicate with other drivers by using your horn and realize they will do the same.
- 12. Dependable Driving: Check It Out • Vehicles with adequate space for 25-30 mph on a rainy day • Vehicles with not enough space for the weather • Headlights are on during periods of reduced visibility Two Guidelines: 1.Whenever windshield wipers are turned on, and 2.When 10% of all traffic has lights on Attitudes and Driving
- 13. 3-Rules of Night Time Driving and Driving at Dawn • Be conspicuous - help other drivers see your vehicle. • Be courteous - recognize that oncoming headlights can temporarily 'blind' you for 3 to 8 seconds. • Be cautious - keep the outside and inside of your windshield clean to minimize glare. Attitudes and Driving Attitudes and Driving
- 14. Some common distractions include: Attitudes and Driving Common Driving Distractions • Looking at a scenery • Looking for route signs • Unfamiliar situations such as, staring at an auto accident • Problems inside the vehicle such as, using a car phone • Lighting a cigarette • A bee in the car • Recognizing someone you know
- 15. Attitudes and Driving Driving Distractions: Calculating the Distance Reaction time is 1.5 seconds. So, distance the car will travel before brakes are applied = 120.9 ft Stopping time once the brakes engage = 134.4 ft. The conclusion is that: Total Stopping Distance = 120.9 ft + 134.4 ft = 255.3 ft Reaction time is greatly affected by the alertness of the driver. Suppose a person is driving a car at 55 mph (80.67 feet/second) during the day on a dry, level road. He sees a pedestrian and applies the brakes. What is the shortest stopping distance than can reasonably be expected?
- 16. Attitudes and Driving Faster Speeds • Accidents • Accident severity • Fuel consumption • Maintenance cost Faster speeds increase: Adjust your speed to the driving conditions and not to the speed limit. This is especially true for expressway ramps and curves, where posted "recommended" limits are developed for cars traveling in ideal conditions.
- 17. Attitudes and Driving Seat Belts Seat belts: • Reduce serious and fatal injuries by 60% • Keep you inside the vehicle where your chances of survival are 25 times as great as if you were thrown from the vehicle • Enhance your chances of survival • Just as important to wear around town
- 18. Attitudes and Driving Rural Driving Extra care should be used at rural intersections. When you approach a rural intersection: • Stop • Look left • Then look right, check left again • If clear, proceed While driving in the country, look as far ahead as you can see. Look to the next curve or at least one mile in the open country.
- 19. Safe driving involves: Attitudes and Driving Summary • Making correct, timely decision based on defensive driving techniques employed in a dependable manner. Good driving demands: • You have the proper attitude and concentration on the driving task to prevent you from being distracted or lulled into a false sense of security. Maintain a positive attitude!
- 20. Driving Rules Introduction • Knowledgeable • Skilled • Alert Be: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the five basic driving rules that should become part of your driving habits. They are: • Be far-sighted • Move eyes continuously • Take in the whole picture • Maintain a space cushion • Communicate
- 21. Driving Rules Five Basic Driving Rules: Rule 1 1. Be far-sighted: • In the city – 1 block • In the country – next curve or hill, as far as you can see
- 22. Driving Rules Five Basic Driving Rules: Rule 2 2. Move eyes continuously: Since you can only see clearly with your central vision, it is important to constantly shift your focus. Turn your head when necessary- • Every 2 seconds • Don’t stare o Scan front area o Use mirrors o Check the sides
- 23. Driving Rules Five Basic Driving Rules: Rule 3 3. Take in the whole picture: • Don’t forget: o Side and rear view o Use mirrors • Be aware of: o Intersections o Alleyways o Pedestrians o Parked vehicles
- 24. Driving Rules Five Basic Driving Rules: Rule 4 4. Maintain space cushion: Time intervals: • Car/Van = 2 seconds • Truck/Bus = 3 seconds • Tractor trailer = 4 seconds
- 25. Driving Rules Five Basic Driving Rules: Rule 5 5. Communicate: • Turn signals • Hand signals • Friendly horn • Eye contact • Lane position
- 26. Driving Rules Five Basic Driving Rules: Summary 1. Be far-sighted 2. Move eyes continuously 3. Take in the whole picture 4. Maintain a space cushion 5. Communicate
- 27. Driving Rules Slowing Down The following steps will greatly reduce the likelihood of someone rear-ending you: • Slow down • Signal early
- 28. Driving Rules Summary In this lesson, you’ve learned about the following five basic rules to help in your driving experiences: 1. Be far-sighted 2. Move eyes continuously 3. Take in the whole picture 4. Maintain a space cushion 5. Communicate
- 29. Accidents are caused by Accidents are caused by threats threats created by: created by: •Other Road Other Road •Users Users •The transport The transport system system •Vehicle & Vehicle & Load Load •The Driver The Driver •Roads & Roads & •Environment Environment
- 30. Accident Prevention Introduction Chance does not alone determine the severity of an accident. Every ‘close call’, every minor ‘fender bender’ should be analyzed so that the error can be eliminated from future driving. In this lesson, you will learn about accident prevention.
- 31. Accident Prevention Standard Accident Prevention Formula A standard accident prevention formula consists of these three steps: • See the hazard • Understand the defensive driving steps required • Act in time to prevent an accident
- 32. Accident Prevention Two-Vehicle Crash Positions The four basic two-vehicle collision types include: • Intersection • Rear end • Passing • Head-on
- 33. Accident Prevention Intersection Accidents When approaching an intersection take the following defensive steps: 1. Slow down and expect the unexpected (take in the whole picture and move your eyes continually). 2. Show your intentions by lane position and signals (communicate). 3. Watch out for the other driver and yield the right-of-way if necessary.
- 34. Accident Prevention Collision with Vehicle Ahead or Behind The steps to protect yourself from this type of collision are: • Maintain an adequate space cushion • Take in the whole picture – watch the cars far ahead for turn signals, brake lights, drifting to the right or left • Be far-sighted – look beyond vehicles directly ahead of you to see what obstructions, traffic patterns or hazards might make them alter their course or speed • Initiate action - be decisive
- 35. Accident Prevention Backing Accidents When backing your vehicle make sure to: 1. Entering to make sure there are no hidden objects that might cause problems 2. Back immediately after checking to assure that conditions don't change 3. If you can position your vehicle to avoid backing, this is the best approach
- 36. Accident Prevention Passing or Being Passed Accidents Awareness of your environment is critical to the safety in moving with traffic. Follow safe vehicle passing procedures. When you are following a slow moving vehicle, your first step should be to ask yourself if the pass is really necessary. If you decide to pass a vehicle: 1. Take in the whole picture, make sure the road is clear and no one else is starting to pass you 2. Make sure there is enough distance to pass safely 3. Signal your intentions - communicate 4. Pass quickly 5. Resume speed
- 37. Accident Prevention Head-On Accidents Remember: • Ground viewing habits • Centrifugal force • Left turns
- 38. In this lesson, you’ve learned how to prevent accidents following the five basic driving rules: Summary Accident Prevention • Be far-sighted • Move eyes continuously • Take in the whole picture • Maintain a space cushion • Communicate
- 39. Thank for you attending Drive Defensively There are others that want you around, need you, depend on you.
Editor's Notes
- #5: Additional points to discuss: Apart from learning about the above characteristics of safe drivers in this lesson, you will also learn about: Dealing with road rage The common driving distractions The necessity of using a seat belt
- #6: Introduction: A positive attitude can go a long way toward preventing accidents, just as a poor attitude can play a significant part in causing accidents.
- #9: Additional Notes: Be patient with other drivers - don't be trapped by their mistakes!
- #10: Unexpected changes to surfaces Moving from a good slip resistance to a lower slip resistance surface Allow extra time – don’t rush
- #13: Additional Notes: Be conspicuous - help other drivers see your vehicle, turn on your headlights early and make sure all of them are clean and operational. Be courteous - recognize that oncoming headlights can temporarily 'blind' you for 3 to 8 seconds; this means you are only driving with partial or "tunnel" vision and should go slower and maintain a larger space between you and any other vehicles. Dim your headlights so that you don't blind the drivers in the oncoming vehicles. Be cautious - keep the outside and inside of your windshield clean to minimize glare, keep your speed down so you don't "overdrive" your headlights, and be aware of pedestrians and animals near the road.
- #18: Additional Notes: More than half - 52 percent - of traffic fatalities in the United States between 1999 and 2003 have occurred on rural, non-interstate roads and highways, even though vehicle travel on these roads only accounted for 28 percent of travel during that period, according to a report released by TRIP, a national nonprofit transportation research group. Extra care should be used at rural intersections.
- #37: A Centrifugal Force is the force that makes objects move outwards when they are spinning around something or travelling in a curve.