Maslow Need Hierarchy Comparative Study
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill lower level needs like physiological and safety needs before pursuing higher level needs like esteem and self-actualization. Alderfer's ERG theory simplifies this by grouping needs into existence, relatedness, and growth. Herzberg identified motivators related to the job itself and hygiene factors about the environment. McClelland focused on power, affiliation, and achievement needs. McGregor proposed positive Theory Y and negative Theory X views of human motivation.
Maslow Need Hierarchy Comparative Study
- 1. Maslow Need Hierarchy Comparative Study Presentation By: Rohit Kushwaha
- 2. What is Need A Deficiency that a person experience at a particular time. A need is something that is necessary for organisms to live a healthy life. Needs are distinguished from wants. Needs can be objective and physical, such as food, or they can be subjective and psychological, such as the need for self-esteem. On a social level, needs are sometimes controversial. Theories of Need and Motivation • Maslow Need Hierarchy • McClelland Three Need Theory • Alderfer’s ERG Model • Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory • McGregor X and Y Theory
- 4. Maslow Hierarchy of Need Theory proposes that people are motivated by multiple need and that needs exist in Hierarchical order. Self Actualization Esteem Social Safety Physiological
- 5. Physiological Need Physiological need are the biological needs required to preserve human life, these needs include need for Food , Clothing, Shelter. As pointed out by Maslow “ Man lives by bread alone, when there is no bread” Safety Need Once physiological need is well gratified, the safety need begins to manifest. These include 1 protection from physiological danger i.e. fire, accident etc. 2 Economic Safety i.e. Fringe, Health, Insurance programme etc. 3 Desire for orderly, predictable environment. 4 Desire to know the limit of acceptable behavior. Maslow stressed emotional as well as physical safety. Social Need When lower need are satisfied , the social and love need become important motivator of behaviour . Man wants to belong, to associate, to gain acceptance, to give and receive friendship and affection.
- 6. Esteem Need Esteem need are two fold in nature: Self Esteem and esteem of Others. Self- esteem includes Self-Confidence, achievement , Self-Respect, Knowledge. The second group include one’s reputation, need for status, for recognition etc. Self Actualization Need “Self Actualization is the desire to become what one is capable of becoming” There are those need for realizing one’s own potentialities for continued self- development, for being creative in the broadest sense of the term. Like a musician must make a music, an artist must make a art, a poet must write.
- 7. Alderfer’s ERG Model Rohit Kushwaha Roll no . 309 Clayton p. Alderfer
- 8. Existence Need – Need Require to preserve Human life. They include all of the Maslow termed as Physiological need relating to material safety. Relatedness needs – They refer to all socially intended needs i.e. how people relates to their surrounding social environment. These include the need for meaningful social and interpersonal relationship. Growth Need – They reflect the individual Desire to be self- confident, productive, and Creative, the desire to engage in tasks that require the full utilization of abilities and that develop additional capabilities/Skill.
- 9. Self Actualization Growth Need Esteem Relatedness Social Need Safety Existance Need Physiological Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Alderfer’s Need Hierarchy
- 10. Comparative view of Maslow’s and Alderfer’s Theory • Alderfer’s ERG theory is less restrictive as compared with Maslow. • Alderfer’s theory represent the simplification of Maslow need priority theory. • Alderfer has removed the restriction about the activation of need in any hierarchical order, he said that more then one theory can be activated at same point of time.
- 11. Maslow Need Hierarchy Self- Esteem Actualizatio Social Need n Security Need Physiologic Need al need E R G
- 12. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory Rohit Kushwaha Roll no . 309 Frederick Irving Herzberg
- 13. • This theory is also known as Dual Factor or Motivation- Hygiene theory of Motivation. The theory originally was derived by analyzing “critical incident” written by 200 engineers and accountant in 9 different company in Pittsburgh area, USA. He researched and ask them about there liked or Disliked about there job. Herzberg called it as Motivation and Maintenance factor respectively • Hygiene Factor (Maintenance Factor) • Motivation Factor
- 14. Hygiene Factor - Hygiene factor represent the need to remove pain from the environment they are not intrinsic part of job but they are related to the condition under which a job is performed. They are environment related factor. Like Hygiene they do not lead to growth but only prevent deterioration. Motivators – Motivators are related with positive feeling of an employee about the job. They are related with the content of the job. They make person satisfied with there job . If managers wish to increase motivation and performance above the average level ,they must enrich the work and increase a person’s freedom on the job. Motivators are necessary to keep job satisfaction and job performance high.
- 15. Self Actualiza tion Motivators Esteem Social Safety Hygiene Physiological Maslow Herzberg Need Emphasized Goals, Incentives Emphasized
- 16. Maslow Herzberg • Maslow formulated • Herzberg formulated Theory in term of need. Theory in term of goal or reward • Theory is Descriptive. • Theory is perspective. • Payment is motivator if it • Payment is not motivator. satisfy need. • Relevant for all worker. • Probably more relevant for White collar and • All needs are motivator at professional worker. some time. • Only some need are motivators
- 17. McClelland Achievement Theory Rohit Kushwaha Roll no . 309 David McClelland
- 18. David C. McClelland studied achievement phenomenon for over 20 years at Harvard University and proposed Achievement motivation theory. According to McClelland there are three important need which helps to understand human motivation in organization. • Power Need • Achievement Need • Affiliation Need
- 19. Power Need – this is the need to dominate and control people. Power speak about ability to manipulate or control the activities of other to suits one own purposes. People with high need of power look for position of leadership. They like to set goals make decision and direct activities. Affiliation need – the need for affiliation is an social need for companionship and support and for developing meaningful relationship with people person with high need for affiliation are motivated by job that demand frequent interaction with co-worker. Achievement need – This is the need for challenges, for personal accomplishment and success in competitive situation .
- 20. Herzberg Two Factor Theory Hygiene Factor Motivation factor Self- Esteem Actualizatio Social Need n Security Need Physiologic Need al need Affiliation -- Power -- Achievements
- 21. McGregor X and Y theory Rohit Kushwaha Roll no . 309 Douglas McGregor
- 22. Douglas McGregor proposed basically two Distinct sets of assumption about what motivate people basically negative, labeled theory X and other basically positive, labeled Theory Y. Theory X Assumption Theory Y Assumption Employee dislike work and will try to Employee can view work as being as avoid it. natural as rest or play Since employee dislike work they must People will exercise self Direction and be controlled, threatened with Self Control if they are committed to punishment to achieve goal the objective. Employee will seek formal direction Employee do not avoid responsibility whenever possible and avoid responsibility. Employee wants security above all in People want security but they also their work . have need such as self actualization and esteem need.
- 23. Self Actualiza tion Esteem Theory Y Social Safety Theory X Physiological
- 24. • Theory X – Theory x contends that people have an inherent dislike of work and avoid it whenever possible. Most people being lazy ,prefer to be directed, want to avoid responsibility and are relatively unambitious. They are controlled even threatened with punishment to get them to work toward organizational goal. • Theory Y – Theory Y present very much more optimistic view of human nature. It assumes that hardworking, creative and productive. They will direct themselves toward objective if there achievements are rewarded. Most of people have capacity to accept the responsibility
- 25. Herzberg Two Factor Theory Hygiene Factor Motivation factor Self- Esteem Actualizatio Social Need n Security Need Physiologic Need al need Theory Y Theory X Affiliation -- Power -- Achievements