Mcob perception
- 1. PRESENTED BY:- SHIWANI SINGH {18MBA(FM)015} ASHRAYA RANJAN JENA{18MBA(FM)027} GUIDED BY:- Prof. PRADYOT KESHARI PRADHAN
- 2. Introduction Definition Sensation Vs Perception Element in perception Perception process Individual perception Sub process of perception Factors influencing perception Factor involve affecting perception Perceptual organisation or perception in management Attribution Theory Barriers to perceptual accuracy When perception fail Managing the perception process Social perception
- 3. Perception has been derived from the Latin word “Perceptio”. Perception includes all those processes by which an individual receives information about his environment seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting, and smelling . All the processes are important , but the first three i.e; seeing, hearing, and feeling are the dominant senses. Thus, Perception basically refers to the manner in which a person experiences the world.
- 4. Perception may be defined as a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
- 5. SENSATION PERCEPTION People use their sensory organs to sense. Sense receive stimuli both within and outside the body. The sorting out interpretation, analysis and integration of stimuli involving our sense organs and brain.
- 7. Involvement of an individual Process Receiving, selecting & organising sensory stimuli & data Yield a picture of the movement That picture varies between the reality & just opposite to the environment.
- 10. A number of stimuli are constantly confronting people in the form of information object, events ,people etc in the environment. These serve as the input of perceptual process. For instance, a few of the stimuli affecting the sense are the noise of the air coolers the sound of there other people talking and moving, outside noises from the vehicular traffic or a street repair shop or a loud speaker playing some where the impact of the total environmental situation.
- 11. Perceptual selectivity means that refers to a tendency to select certain objects from the environment for attention. The factors affecting perceptual selection may be both internal and external factors.
- 12. Emphasizes on the subsequent activities that take place in the perceptual process after a stimulus is received.
- 13. Perception interpretation is an integral part of the perception process. Without interpretation, selection and organization of information do not make any sense. In fact perception is said to have taken place only after the data have been interpreted.
- 14. Perceptual outputs encompass all that results from the throughput process. These would include such factors as one’s attitudes, opinions, feelings, values & behaviours resulting from the perceptual inputs & throughputs
- 16. INDIVIDUALS PERCEPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TARGET (PERCEIVED NATURE) NATURE SIZE APPEARANCE LOCATION PERCEIVERS CHARACTERISTICS NEEDS EXPERIENCES VALUES ATTITUDES PERSONALITY SITUATIONAL FACTORS PHYSICAL SETTING SOCIAL SETTING ORGANISATIONAL SETTING
- 18. A. Perceiver B. Target A. Situation
- 19. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Intensity Size Contrast Repetition Motion Novelty & familiarity Beliefs Expectations Inner needs Response disposition Response salience Perceptual defence
- 20. CHARACTERISTICS OF SITUATION CHARACTERISTICS OF PERCEIVER Strategic situation need Additional & talented inputs from manager as well as their subordinates in the process of decision making. Needs & motive Self concept Past experiences Current psychological or emotional state
- 21. Figure ground Perceptual grouping Social identity Perceptual constancy Prioritizing & simplifying
- 22. Perceptual organisation deals with the manner in which selected stimuli are organized in order to make sense out of them. These are 3 principles. 1. Figure Ground Principle: The principle tells that what we consider as figure and what as ground. 2. Perceptual Grouping : grouping is the tendency to curb individual stimuli into meaningful patterns. Similarity : The principle of similarity states that the greater the similarity of the stimuli, the greater the tendency to perceive them as a common group.
- 23. Proximity: The principle of proximity or nearness states that a group of stimuli that are close together will be perceived as a whole pattern of parts belonging together. Closure: It relates to the tendencies of the people to perceive objects as a whole, even when some parts of the object are missing. Continuity: The continuity principle says that a person will tend to perceive continuous line of pattern.
- 24. 3. Perceptual constancy : this principle permits the individual to have some constancy or stability in a tremendously variable & highly complex world. Shape constancy: The top of a glass bottle is seen as circular whether we view it from the side or from the top. Size constancy: When an object is moved farther away from us we tend to see it as more or less unvariant in size. Colour constancy: It implies that familiar object are perceived to be of the same colour in varied conditions. The owner of a red car sees it as red in the bright as well as dull light.
- 27. PERCEPTION IN MANAGEMENT Perceptual organisation Emphasizes on the subsequent activities that takes place in the perceptual process after a stimulus is received
- 29. STEREOTYPES- It is the tendency to perceive another person as belonging to a single class or category
- 30. hallucination Illusions Negative self fulfilling prophecies
- 31. Process of combining , integrating and interpreting information about to gain an accurate understanding of them.
- 32. Have a high level of awareness Seek information from various sources to confirm and disconfirm personal impressions of a decision Be empathetic Influence perception of other people when they are drawing incorrect or incomplete impressions of events in the work setting. Avoid common perceptual distortions that bias our views of people and situations Avoid inappropriate attributions