Media Lteracy in Action Chapter 4 final
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The chapter discusses how competition in the news industry has impacted American society in unexpected ways. It introduces the concept of "news avoiders" who get information from social media rather than news sources. It also covers news values like human interest, conflict and timeliness that influence which stories are covered. The chapter examines techniques like framing that journalists use to make stories more appealing and how this can influence audience beliefs. It analyzes different forms and sources of news today from legacy media to born digital publications to citizen journalism.
Media Lteracy in Action Chapter 4 final
- 1. Chapter 4
- 2. How Do People Get the News? Fierce competition in the news industry has had unexpected consequences for American society
- 3. What statements or claims can you make based on this data?
- 4. News Avoiders “I think it’s really easy to not read news. I’m on social media all day and I never see any news.” What are the pros and cons of avoiding the news?
- 6. Framing: a term used to describe how journalists select some aspects of perceived reality to make it more appealing to a target audience, connecting new information to existing knowledge, beliefs and attitudes
- 7. Framing ● Metaphor: Compare an idea to something else ● Story: Create vivid and memorable heroes, villains, and victims ● Slogan: Use a catchy phrase to make an idea more memorable ● Moral judgement: Describe an idea in terms of of human values
- 8. Providing facts & neutral information from experts & officials Journalistic Objectivity Avoiding interpretation and using language in ways that minimizes bias Maintaining independence from political parties & insulation from advertising pressures
- 9. How do news media outlets communicate a point of view through the choice of headline and image? The Guardian, April 13, 2020
- 10. Consider the Question Who benefits and who is harmed by news partisanship?
- 11. 8FORMS OF NEWS LOCAL MEDIA Websites that algorithmically curate content from a range of sources and use human editors to (re)write news from other sources NEWS AGGREGATORS Major national newspapers and broadcast TV stations LEGACY MEDIA Newspapers & TV stations that reach a specific region CITIZEN JOURNALISM Video, photos and other media produced by ordinary people “BORN DIGITAL” NEWS Online publications that produce original content CONTENT PUBLISHING Websites that publish general interest content and may rely on sponsored content that advances the public relations goal of a business of company Journalistic publications that specialize in uncovering important issues that often include abuses of power ANALYSIS & INVESTIGATION META-JOURNALISM Publications that focus on the news industry itself
- 12. News and Social Media Aggregation
- 13. Metaphorical use of language in news reports can influence people’s beliefs about crime
- 14. Police Violence Against African Americans Oscar Grant (2009) Eric Garner (2014) Michael Brown (2014) Tamir Rice (2014) Freddy Gray (2015) Philando Castile (2016) Stephon Clark (2018) Breonna Taylor (2020) Ahmaud Arbery (2020) George Floyd (2020)
- 15. WASHINGTON, DC - March 24, 2018: Hundreds of thousands of people take to the streets in the March for Our Lives, a nationwide protest against gun violence in wake of the Parkland school shooting. People’s moral judgments about violence and crime can be affected by the framing that journalists provide as they emphasize • the perpetrator • the victims • the context and circumstances
- 17. Why does local TV news use sensationalism to attract viewers?
- 18. WALTER LIPPMANN Intellectual Grandparent ● Stereotypes are in our heads ● Reporter-source relationships shape the news ● Agenda-setting occurs through opinion leadership
- 19. Critical Questions of Media Literacy 1. Who is the author and what is the purpose? 2. What techniques are used to attract and hold attention? 3. What lifestyles, values, and points of view are depicted? 4. How might different people interpret this message? 5. What is omitted? Who Gets to Be a Citizen?
- 20. Time to Reflect What do you think are the biggest challenges facing journalism today?
- 21. Create to Learn Analyze and Comment on a News Story #MLAction Message/Content Your Rationale for Selection News Values Audience Construction Techniques Context Credibility Omissions Judgment