Media_and_Information_Languages.ppt.pptx
- 1. Media and Information Languages Hernandez, Jay Ha n Edward Z.
- 2. A t the e n d of this m o d u l e , y o u c an: 1. Describe the nature of genre in relation to understanding c o d e s and conventions. 2. Evaluate everyd a y me d ia a nd informat ion w it h regard to codes, convention, a n d messages; in regard to the audience, producers, a n d other stakeholders. 3. Discuss popular med ia tropes, specifically, television tropes. 4. Pro d uc e a nd assess the codes, conventions, a n d me s s a ge s of a group of presentation.
- 3. GENRE
- 4. CHARADES
- 5. Differentiating Media Codes Through Genres • Genre is a French word for “type” or “kind.” • It is a major component in understanding literature, theatre, film, television, and other art and media forms. • The grouping into recognizable categories of content of these forms is what characterizes genre. • Each of these categories is further marked by “particular set of conventions, features, and norms.”
- 6. Some experts of genre (Bhatia, 1993) define the term as:
- 7. COMMUNICATIVE EVENT COMMUNICATIVE PURPOSE It is the nature of media exposure such as reading a book or a newspaper, watching a film or television show, or surfing the internet It is the intention of the me d i a messages that you are exposed to. Example: A news report informs you of an event thus utilizing the principles of newswriting to do so.
- 8. ACTIVITY
- 9. For this activity, you are to do a research of the k n o w n or m o r e c o m m o n g e n r e types u n d e r the following media:
- 10. Roles of Genre in Understanding Media Messages • Genre helps us understand the text by merely looking at those signs that you can recognize and interpret. • A genre is not fixed or static. The factors that may influence h o w messages m a y be understood are: • One’s role in the society • Group purposes • Professional and organizational preferences and prerequisites • Cultural constraints
- 11. “Genre analysis is pattern-seeking rather than pattern-imposing.” (Bhatia, 1993)
- 12. Tips that Bhatia (1993) suggests when you analyze genre that you may be unfamiliar with:
- 13. Codes in Media Messages • Social and cultural values and beliefs are reflected in media content Codes consist of signs that have meaning and the meanings are dictated b y agreed rules of interpretation. • Codes guide the w a y a message m a y be interpreted, it is not guaranteed that all people will understand the same way the others would because of certain factors like culture, personal biases, and level of knowledge.
- 14. Three Kinds of Knowledge Required by Interpreters of a Text (Chandler, 2014)
- 15. Chandler’s Typology of Genre Codes Major Code Subcode Verbal Language -Phonological -Syntactical -Lexical -Prosodic -Paralinguistic Bodily Codes -Bodily Contact -Proximity -Physical Orientation -Appearance -FacialExpression - Gaze -Head Nods -Gestures -Posture Commodity Code -Fashions -Clothing -Cars Behavioral Codes -Protocols -Rituals -Role-playing -Games Social C o d e s
- 16. Chandler’s Typology of Genre Codes Major Code Subcode Scientific Code Aesthetics Codes Within the Various ExpressiveArts -Poetry -Drama -Painting -Sculpture -Music -Artistic Expressions including Classicism,Romanticism, Realism Genre, Rhetorical, and Stylistic Codes -Narrative -Exposition -Argument Mass Media Codes -Photographic,Televisual, Filmic, Radio, Newspaper, and Magazine Codes -Both Technical and Conventional Codes (including FORMA T) R e p r e s e n t a t i o n a l C o d e s Textual Codes
- 17. Chandler’s Typology of Genre Codes Major Code Subcode Perceptual Codes - Visual Perception This code does not assume intentional communication Ideological Code -More broadly, these include codes for “encoding” and “decoding” texts. -Dominant -Negotiated -Oppositional -Individualism,Liberalism, Feminism, Racism, etc. Textual Codes Interpretative C o d e s
- 18. Common Codes
- 19. Technical Codes • W h e n equipment is used to tell the story in a media text which consequently affects how you can interpret the meaning of that text, you are dealing with technical code. • These are signs that are produced w h e n camera techniques, framing, depth of fields, lighting and exposure, and juxtaposition are utilized.
- 20. Visual/Symbolic Codes • These are codes that are e mb e d d e d in the technical codes such as objects, setting, body language, clothing, and, color. • These codes suggest or connote, rather than explicitly state the meaning of a media message.
- 21. Written Codes • The use of language and textual layout also express meaning.
- 22. The Relationship of Codes and Textual Features of Audio-Visual Messages • Codes are signs and for you to interpret what they mean, you have to be familiar with h o w these signs operate. • For us to be able to recognize the properties of a particular genre, w e ma y consider some textual features.
- 23. Textual Features and Distinctive Properties Attributed to a Film Genre (Chandler, 2014) TEXTUALFEA TURE DISTINCTIVEPROPERTIESA TTRIBUTEDTOAFILMGENRE Narrative Similar plots and structures, predictable situations, sequences, episodes, obstacles, conflicts, and resolutions. Characterization Similar types of characters, roles, personal qualities, motivations, goals, behaviour Basic themes, topics, subject matter. And values Social, cultural, psychological, professional, political, sexual, and moral Setting Geographical and historical Iconography(echoing the narrative, characterization, theme, and setting) A familiar stock of images or motifs, etc,. Filmic Techniques Stylistic or formal conventions of camerawork, lighting, sound recording, use of color, editing etc,.
- 24. CONVENTIONS
- 25. Conventions: Indicators of Content Familiarity • Formulaic messages are what they are because of the use of conventions A convention refers to the generally accepted w a y of doing things that has formed into a habit because of repeated exposure and experience of these me s s a g e s . • It is sometimes a hindrance in critically assessing the media content or messages because people ma y grow too accustomed to them.
- 27. Tropes in Television • Television is a very popular media form as this is perhaps the most “invasive” of all media technology. Tropes are story telling devices. • In the study of literature, tropes are the figures of speech that audiences recognize too easily because of their occurrences in almost all programs under a particular genre. • In film language, these are called motifs or recruitment themes. • Tropes are tools that the creator of a work of art t t h i i d t t h di
- 28. Tropes in Television www. tvtropes.org
- 29. AUDIENCE
- 30. Audiences – a group of people exposed and experiencing media. They can be physically present at the event while others are not. Mass Audiences – a convenient term applied to huge numbers of people who constitute the audiences of popular and / or mass culture. Audience Fragmentation – a term used to describe the creation of smaller and less heterogenous.