The medical devices industry is experiencing fast growth rates of 5-15% annually due to factors like aging populations and emerging middle classes. However, growth is being constrained by rising costs pressures like tightening healthcare budgets and lack of consumer willingness to pay high prices. To address this, medical device companies need to differentiate their products, optimize their portfolios, and streamline their operations through measures like process improvements and organizational redesign. Innovation strategies also need to adapt to the new challenges around shorter product lifecycles and the need for higher per-innovation returns.