Methods Of Pressure Measurment In IPC
- 1. SUBMITTED BY :- RAHUL GUPTA (249/14) VISHAL DHAKA (267/14) III B.TECH Leather Technology H.B.T.U. Kanpur-208002
- 2. (1) Pressure Measurement of gas and liquid is require in most of the industries for operate and control. (2) Pressure = FORCE/AREA . (3) Only that force, which is perpendicular to the surface is used to calculate the pressure. (4) The units of pressure that we used mainly are pound per square inch(psi) and newton per square inch(SI).
- 4. Their are mainly three methods for pressure measurement - Manometer method Elastic Pressure transducers Pressure Measurement by Measuring Vacuum
- 5. (1) MANOMETERS - It is the simplest measuring instrument used for gauge pressure measurements, by balancing the pressure against the weight of column of fluid. a) U-tube Manometer :- If the pressure on one limb of a U tube is greater than the other this difference in pressure can be measured by simply finding the DIFFERENCE in height (h) of the liquid in the two limbs of the U tube.
- 6. b) Well-type Manometer :- The main difference between a U-tube manometer and a well type manometer is that the U- tube is substituted by a large well such that the variation in the level in the well will be negligible and instead of measuring a differential height, a single height in the remaining column is measured. c) Barometer :- A barometer is a well-type absolute pressure gauge whose pressure range is from zero absolute to atmospheric pressure.
- 7. d) Inclined Manometer :- Inclined manometers are more sensitive than vertical column manometers. Initially, when there is no fluid flowing in the pipe the level of manometer liquid is at XX’. But due to liquid pressure in the pipe the level of manometer liquid moves down from XX’ to YY’ in the tank and rises in the right limb to the distance h2 from XX’.
- 8. e) Micro-Manometer :- A micro- manometer is a special type of manometer designed to measure extremely small differences in pressure. ADVANTAGES • Easy to fabricate and relatively inexpensive; • Good accuracy; • High sensitivity; • Require little maintenance • Specially suitable for low pressure and low differenti al pressures DISADVANTAGES • Usually bulky and large in size. • Being fragile, get broken easily. • Readings of the manometers are affected by changes in temperature, altitude and gravity. • A capillary effect is created due to surface tension of manometric fluid
- 9. • It is frequently used pressure gauge because of its simplicity and rugged construction. (a) C-type Bourdan Type Pressure Gauge • Diaphgram are widely used for gauge pressure and draft measurements, particularly in very low ranges(0-4mm). (b) Diaphgram Pressure Transducers • The bellows-type gauges are used for the measurement of absolute pressures.It is more sensitive than Bourdan-tube gauges. (c) Bellows
- 10. Vacuum pressure are those which are below atmospheric. With modern vacuum pressure system, it is possible to obtain pressures from 1000 m bar.