Methods of representing physiographic features

Physiographic refers to the
difference in height between
the highest and lowest land
surface in a locality of nature.
Physiographic [or terrain] is
an essential aspect in physical
geology.
INTRODUCTION

Topographical maps they
show a great deal of details
about the physiographic
features.
INTRODUCTION

Methods used to
represent features are
based on this two.
1.ISOPLETH,
2.CHOROPLETH.
TYPES OF METHODS TO
REPRESENT FEATURES ARE;

Isopleths are lines joining
places of equal value ,this value
may be in form of quantity ,
intensity or density.
Following are few examples of
isopleths,
1.ISOPLETH

1. Isobar – Equal pressure,
2. Isotherms– Equal
temperature,
3. Isohyet – Equal rainfall,
4. Isohaline – Equal salinity.
Isopleth maps are also require
a large amount of data for
1.ISOPLETH

In this method areas are
shaded or patterned in
proportion to the
measurement of statistical
variable being displayed on
the map.
2.CHOROPLETH

The choropleth map
provides an easy way to
visualize how a measurement
varies across a geographic
area or it shows the level of
variable within a region.
2.CHOROPLETH

It is used to show surface features
on the map.
Hachures are short lines of varying
thickness to show the shape and slope
of land.
In accordance with this technique, the
steeper slope is represented by thicker
lines.
A. HACHURING

They do not represent exact
elevations but are mainly used to
show large rocky outcrops.
It is one type of isopleth method.
A. HACHURING

Hachuring was replaced with a
scientific form of hill shading and spot
heights.
Hill shading resembles a light and
shadow effect.
Valleys and the sides of mountains
appear as that they are cast in
shadow.
B. HILL SHADING

It is visually striking method.
However does not show height which
means that it is no more accurate like
contours.
It is a choropleth method.
B. HILL SHADING

Contour lines are lines that connect
points (spot height) that are the same
height reference to MSL.
They accurately depict the height,
shape, slope of a landscape.
The numbers which are featured on
each line represent the exact height
on the land at points along that lines.
C. CONTOUR LINES

The patterns created by the line show
the shape of the land.
The slope an also be identified by
using contour lines.
The closer contour lines represent the
steeper slope.
The gentle spaced contour lines
represent the gentle slopes.
C. CONTOUR LINES

Contour interval:
It is the difference in the height between
the contour lines.
Contour interval may be in 20m, 50m,
100m…
C. CONTOUR LINES

They are used to show the exact
height of the land at a particular
point.
They are depicted using a dot (or
triangle) and a corresponding number,
which represent altitude at that point.
They do not provide much
information about the shape of the
D. SPOT HEIGHT

Layer tinting uses different colors (or
shades) to represent different heights.
A different color is used for each band
of elevation.
Each shade of color or band represent
a definite elevation range.
E. LAYER TINTING

A legend is printed in map to indicate
the elevation range represented by
color.
However, this method does not allow
the map user to determine the exact
elevation of a specific point-only the
range.
E. LAYER TINTING

Physical geology – Judson. Kauffman. Leet
Map work and practical geography by Govind
Singh,
www.rmlau.ac.in/julgo22.pdf,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/choropleth_ma
p,
REFERENCE:

Methods of representing physiographic features

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