Microarray
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Microarray technology allows scientists to study thousands of genes simultaneously. It works by breaking open cells, isolating genetic contents, and identifying which genes are turned on or off in a particular cell. Probes for each gene are attached to a chip, and a fluorescently labeled target sample is hybridized. A scanner then detects the fluorescent signal from each spot on the chip to determine the relative abundance of nucleic acid sequences and expression levels of genes. Microarray analysis provides a fast way to obtain gene expression profiling results but it is an expensive technique that produces large datasets requiring complex analysis.
Microarray
- 1. MICROARRAY Prepared By Valencia Fernandes Department Of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction Principle Requirements Steps involved in Microarray Advantages Disadvantages Apllications
- 3. MICROARRAY Human Genome 21,000 genes ON OFF Gene expression profiling Microarray Microarray analysis involves breaking open a cell, isolating its genetic contents, identifying all the genes that are turned on in that particular cell, and generating a list of those genes
- 4. PRINCIPLE • Total strength of the signal, from a spot (feature), depends upon the amount of target sample binding to the probes present on that spot. • Probe-target hybridization is usually detected and quantified by detection of fluorophore-, silver-, or chemiluminescence-labeled targets to determine relative abundance of nucleic acid sequences in the target. HYBRIDIZATION
- 5. 5 i. DNA Chip ii. Target sample (Fluorescently labelled) ii. Enzymes iii. Fluorescent dyes iv. Probes v. Scanner Requirements:
- 6. Steps Involved in Microarray Technique
- 9. Microarray Chip before and after hybridization
- 10. (1)A DNA micorarray allows scientists to perform an experiment on thousands of genes at the same time. (2)Fast and easy to obtain results. (3)Different parts of DNA can be used to study gene expresion. (1)The biggest disadvantage of DNA chips is that they are expensive to create. (2)The production of too many results at a time requires long time for analysis, which is quite complex in nature. (3)The DNA chips do not have very long shelf life, which proves to be another major disadvantage of the technology.
- 11. Applications using different Microarray Techniques Gene expression profiling Comparative genomic hybridization GeneID Chromatin immunoprecipitation on Chip DamID SNP detection Alternative splicingdetection (Exon junction array design) Fusion genes microarray Tiling Array
- 12. THANK YOU