Microbe talk
- 1. Germs: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Clara Pelfrey, Ph.D. Cleveland Clinic & Case Western Reserve University
- 2. “ Microorganisms” are tiny creatures that cannot be seen without a microscope They are everywhere – air, water, food, and everything you touch Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa What are germs?
- 3. Some common conditions caused by germs Condition Kind of Germ Common Symptoms Athelete’s Foot Fungus Red, scaly, itchy rash on feet Chickenpox Virus Fever; headache; red, pimple-like rash Common Cold Virus Sore throat; runny or stuffed-up nose; coughing; sneezing Ear infection Bacteria Pain and/or swelling in ear; fever Flu Virus Fever; headache; sore throat; coughing; muscle aches Strep Throat Bacteria Fever; sore throat; headache; swollen tonsils or yellow patches at back of throat
- 4. Before people knew about viruses and other germs, they had some strange ideas about what caused illnesses. Hippocrates thought that colds were caused by waste matter in the brain . When the waste overflowed, he said, it ran out the nose.
- 5. In the Middle Ages, people thought illnesses were due to demons . They said that sneezing was very dangerous because a person’s soul might be sneezed out, and a demon could sneak in and replace it. Saying “God bless you!” when people sneezed was a way to protect them from demons.
- 6. Bacteria are single cell organisms. Their cells are Prokaryotic , meaning that they lack a membrane-bound nucleus and many of the cell parts of Eukaryotes. Some of their parts:
- 8. Three general shapes of bacteria: Round (coccus, plr. cocci) Rod (bacillus, plr. bacilli) Spiral (spirillum, plr. spirilla) Example: Staphylococcus epidermidis Example: Escherichia coli Example: Treponema pallidum
- 10. Computer-generated video showing the motions of an E. coli bacterium
- 12. “ Streak plate” on a petri dish to isolate bacteria
- 13. Bacterial colonies on agar
- 14. Label agar plates on the BOTTOM … to prevent condensation
- 15. Enterotubes help hospitals identify bacteria
- 16. “ The Good, the Bad and the Ugly” BAD BACTERIA Cause disease Bad breath Body odor Spoiled food GOOD BACTERIA Make vitamins Aid digestion Make food Clean pollution Battle bad bacteria
- 17. The “Good guys” See if you can figure them out! Game show quiz:
- 18. BEER YEAST
- 19. Blue cheese Blue mold
- 20. Champagne Yeast
- 22. Oil spill These "oil-eating" bacteria are shown swimming around large droplets of oil.
- 23. Oenococcus Oeni -lactic acid bacterium Wine
- 24. Yogurt “ Live active cultures” Lactobacillus acidophilus
- 26. Penicillium mold inhibiting bacterial growth Mold Bacteria Zone of inhibition
- 28. Sausage & Salami Soy sauce Pickles
- 29. The “Bad” guys
- 30. Click on the picture to go to a web video on proper sneezing technique When you sneeze, air explodes out of your lungs at a speed of 100 miles per hour. The air in a cough travels at 500 mph!
- 31. To cover or not cover your mouth? ANSWER : Cover your mouth when you cough THEN : wash your hands BETTER : cough or sneeze into a tissue or your sleeve
- 32. The “Ugly”
- 33. Bacteria growing on your teeth can cause tooth decay
- 35. Moldy bread!
- 36. Relative size of a bacterium, compared to a virus
- 37. Play HOW BIG? MOVIE
- 38. What are viruses? Extremely small and simple life-forms, made of a chromosome surrounded by a protein shell. Live inside the cells of animals, plants and bacteria and often cause disease. Reproduces by inserting its genes into the cells of other life-forms. As those cells divide, so does the virus. Too small to be seen even with microscopes. Cannot multiply or produce disease outside of a living cell.
- 40. DNA Viruses
- 41. RNA Viruses
- 44. Louis Pasteur Disproved “Spontaneous Generation” Germ theory of disease Pasteurization Rabies vaccine Anthrax vaccine
- 45. Pasteur gives the first Rabies vaccine
- 47. Conclusions Germs are everywhere! Germs include bacteria, viruses and fungi Some germs are useful: “The Good Guys” Avoid spreading infections by sneezing/coughing into your sleeve The most important thing you can do is: WASH YOUR HANDS !