The document discusses Microformats, which are simple and open data formats built upon existing and widely adopted standards like HTML and XHTML. Microformats aim to make web pages more machine-readable by embedding semantic metadata in HTML/XHTML documents. Examples shown include hCard for contact information, hCalendar for events, and Geo microformat for geographic coordinates. The document also discusses how Microformats can be combined with other technologies like GRDDL to extract RDF for the Semantic Web.