Micro-Hydro Design Project
- 1. Students: Colin and Mike Instructor: Ian Kilborn Client: Robin Pepper Class: ESET 540 December 8th, 2014.
- 2. Objective To analyze the energy output and potential financial returns of a micro-hydro system on a stream in Verona.
- 3. The Dam
- 4. The Dam
- 5. The Dam
- 6. The Dam
- 7. Up-stream
- 8. Down-stream
- 9. How to calculate Energy from Stream? How to account for seasonal water level change? How to select the appropriate turbine? What should the system physically look like? (Design) How to deal with winter freezing? Considerations
- 10. 1. Develop a procedure for calculating instantaneous power from measurement data. 2. Using historical data from representative waterways, develop a model for Annual Energy available from the stream. 3. Determine which turbine and system design is best. 4. Develop an Excel spreadsheet that tabulates financial return based on available annual energy and equipment costs. Method
- 11. 1. Develop a procedure for calculating instantaneous power from measurement data. 2. Using historical data from representative waterways, develop a model for Annual Energy available from the stream. 3. Determine which turbine and system design is best. 4. Develop an Excel spreadsheet that tabulates financial return based on available annual energy and equipment costs. MethodNext 12 slides.
- 12. Three measurements required: a) Water Speed b) Cross-sectional Area of Water c) Available Head (Δ High Water, Low Water) 1 – Instantaneous Power
- 13. Measure distance. Drop stick in water. Time how long it takes to travel distance. Correct for friction loss. 1 – Instantaneous Power a) Water Speed Answer: * ft/s
- 14. Water travels slower at stream-bed and shores due to friction. The “Average” water speed is approximately 80% of the “Surface” water speed. 1 – Instantaneous Power a) Water Speed Friction Loss
- 15. 1 – Instantaneous Power a) Water Speed
- 16. 1 – Instantaneous Power b) Cross-Sectional Area of Water Breakup stream into “subsection” rectangles. Measure Width and Depth of each rectangle. W x D = Area. Add up all Areas to get “Total Cross-sectional Area” of stream.
- 17. 1 – Instantaneous Power b) Cross-Sectional Area of Water
- 18. 1 – Instantaneous Power b) Cross-Sectional Area of Water
- 19. 1 – Instantaneous Power b) Cross-Sectional Area of Water
- 20. 1 – Instantaneous Power c) Available Head “Head” = Δ High water Level, Low Water Level
- 21. 1 – Instantaneous Power c) Available Head
- 22. 1 – Instantaneous Power Bringing it all Together Instantaneous Power = Water Speed * Cross-sectional Area * Head * Water Density * Acceleration Instantaneous Power (kW) = 0.197 (m/s)* 1.651 (m²) * 2.311 (m) * 1000 (kg/m³) * 9.81 (m/s²) / 1000 (W/kW) = 7.37 kW
- 23. 1 – Instantaneous Power Therefore: On the day of our Site Visit, we measured the instantaneous power of the Stream to be 7.37 kW’s.
- 24. 1. Develop a procedure for calculating instantaneous power from measurement data. 2. Using historical data from representative waterways, develop a model for Annual Energy available from the stream. 3. Determine which turbine and system design is best. 4. Develop an Excel spreadsheet that tabulates financial return based on available annual energy and equipment costs. MethodNext 9 slides.
- 25. 2 – Annual Energy of the Stream The Stream will not ALWAYS be producing 7.37 kW’s of power; Only on the days with the exact conditions of our site visit... •Water level Varies. •Water Speed Varies. •Flow Varies. •Head Varies. Day-by-Day; Month-by-Month; Season-to-Season.
- 26. 2 – Annual Energy of the Stream To get accurate idea of annual energy of the stream, need to measure instantaneous power at minimum once per month for a year. (Jan Power * Jan Hours) + (Feb Power * Feb Hours) + (Mar Power * Mar Hours) … = Total Annual Energy of the Stream (kWh).
- 27. 2 – Annual Energy of the Stream
- 28. 2 – Annual Energy of the Stream We now have: •A procedure for calculating instantaneous power; •An Excel Tool to calculate annual energy from power. That’s fine BUT….
- 29. 2 – Annual Energy of the Stream •No Data on the 11 other months! •Cannot offer financial analysis from just October measurements! We need to estimate what data we should expect from missing months.
- 30. 2 – Annual Energy of the Stream Government of Canada Historical Hydrometric Database •Over 7600 stations. •Flow and Water Level Data From here, we can acquire data from waterways representative of our stream!
- 31. 2 – Annual Energy of the Stream By matching our October measured flow rate (0.33 m³/s) to the October flow rate of a representative waterway, we can estimate what the flow rate for the other 11 months might be!
- 32. 2 – Annual Energy of the Stream
- 33. 2 – Annual Energy of the Stream A reasonable estimate for potential energy generation for the missing 11 months.
- 34. 1. Develop a procedure for calculating instantaneous power from measurement data. 2. Using historical data from representative waterways, develop a model for Annual Energy available from the stream. 3. Determine which turbine and system design is best. 4. Develop an Excel spreadsheet that tabulates financial return based on available annual energy and equipment costs. MethodNext 15 slides.
- 35. 3 – Turbine and System Design
- 36. 3 – Turbine and System Design
- 37. 3 – Turbine and System Design A Vertical, Kaplan Blade turbine meets the requirements for a low head (2.31m), low flow (0.33m3/s) stream.
- 38. 3 – Turbine and System Design LH1000 “PowerSpout” LH
- 39. 3 – Turbine and System Design LH1000 6* 661W = 4.0kW’s
- 40. 3 – Turbine and System Design
- 41. 3 – Turbine and System Design
- 42. 3 – Turbine and System Design
- 43. 3 – Turbine and System Design
- 44. 3 – Turbine and System Design
- 45. 3 – Turbine and System Design
- 46. 3 – Turbine and System Design
- 47. 3 – Turbine and System Design
- 48. 3 – Turbine and System Design
- 49. 3 – Turbine and System Design
- 50. 1. Develop a procedure for calculating instantaneous power from measurement data. 2. Using historical data from representative waterways, develop a model for Annual Energy available from the stream. 3. Determine which turbine and system design is best. 4. Develop an Excel spreadsheet that tabulates financial return based on available annual energy and equipment costs. MethodOpen Spreadsheet