Midterm exam ud final
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The four principles of instructional design are contrast, repetition, alignment, and proximity (CRAP). These principles help both the producer and user by establishing logical order and clear organization. While following these principles could limit creativity, they instead help guide and standardize work in a way that allows for innovative ideas. ADDIE is an instructional design model consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This model provides steps and documentation to guide the development of organized, efficient applications and programs by planning based on needs analysis and allowing for testing and improvement. Principles of presentation design and tips for thinking like a designer will be covered in an article by Professor Allen Quesada from the University of Costa Rica.
Midterm exam ud final
- 1. Midterm Exam PF0317 Andrea Lasso de la Vega Moreno A83378
- 2. Part I The four principles of instructional design are: contrast, repetition, alignment, and proximity (CRAP). • Contrast refers to the idea of making the elements in a work look different from each other. Within these elements, size, color, font, images, shape, and space among other can be taken into account to make, for example, some of them more evident or less obvious in a page depending on the focus and the purpose of what is created. This first principle is very important because it reflects the characteristics that will make a reader pay attention or just ignore a page. • Repetition means to repeat elements in a page that will be key to convey a certain meaning or an idea that has to be transmitted. All the elements in a page can be repeated, but it depends on the intention that the creator has to choose if the color, fonts, sizes, or any other element needs or not to be repeated because at the end they will give unity to the entire concept. • Alignment has to do with knowing where every element in the page should be placed , not just by chance, but because there should be a connection among the elements in the page that will create a sense of order and cleanness in the work. • Proximity is when the elements in a page are organized together if they have similar elements; therefore, the elements will become units that help the reader to understand the organization and functioning of the page because the information is presented in “blocks” rather than separated words.
- 3. In my opinion, these principles are necessary because they help not only the producer, but also the user. In the case of the producer, these principles establish a logical order that makes an application easier to be produced, managed, changed, and proved. For the user, these principles give an unity to the product that will make it easier to use because, in theory, the product will have a clear organization and steps that will guide the reader through all the program, including extensions for the application that might be needed to fulfill a certain objective. In addition, many people could think that following the CRAP principles can limit the originality and creativity in the production part, but for me what these principles do is that they help to guide and standardize a work: originality and creativity do not mean disorder; they mean taking advantage of the parameters and coming up with innovative ideas out of the ordinary. Moreover, the way that we approach these principles will give any work our own signature. Finally, if we want our work to be seen, used, and suitable to be teaching material, there should be a logic behind the position of each element, colors, fonts, units because all this will help to have a more organized, clean, and friendly presentation that aims to help the user and the producer at the same time.
- 4. Part II ADDIE is an instructional design model that consists on: analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate. These are parts of the development process of an application or program in order to make this process more organized and to keep documentation of each one of the parts for further analysis if necessary; indeed, documentation is vital for the development of future project. Dividing the development process helps the developer to create each application or program because it makes a guide of each part. After the whole work is finished, the final parts of the process help to the constant enhancement of the application, and the development of more efficient and accurate future versions. In the first part of the model, the developer has to analyze the target audience and the needs of that audience to plan the steps to follow. Then, the developer has to design the application or program that has all what is needed. In this stage, the advantages and disadvantages are studied to then develop the idea itself using the previous aspects that were consider . During the implementation part, the program is tested in real life situation to look for faults or aspects that should be corrected or even redesigned, and evaluate the product in general after all the steps were finished, and in case of need, it has to go back to other steps up to have the program ready.
- 5. In my opinion, ADDIE is important when developing a courseware because it gives the steps to follow when designing a program. Moreover, it provides a kind of outline of what has to be done, and it helps to have an idea of what is next and to have a record of what was done and what needs to be done. In this way, it is easier to keep track of the progress in a specific project, and in case that any changes have to be done, it is easier to go back. In addition, it saves time because all the steps that have to be followed are already planned, and it is just a matter of following the procedures.
- 6. Part III Principles of presentation Design: Tips on how to think like a designer By Allen Quesada Full Professor, M,A. in TESOL UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA
- 7. Part IV Visual Learner Assessment YOUR SCORE: 24 POINTS Visual WHAT’S IT 20+ You’re highly MEAN? visual 19-20 You’re moderately visual <10 You’re minimally visual Finish