Migration part 2
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The document summarizes characteristics of refugees and forced migration throughout history. Refugees typically move with few belongings and use low-tech transportation like walking. They often lack official documentation. Examples discussed include the forced migration of Africans during the slave trade, Palestinians displaced by conflicts with Israel, and refugees from conflicts in Sudan, Somalia, and other parts of Africa and Asia. Major modern human migrations discussed include movements from Europe to the Americas, within Asia, and immigration waves to the United States.
Migration part 2
- 2. Characteristics of Refugees • Move with only what they can carry or easily transport. • Most move first on foot, bicycle, wagon or open boat-very low tech. transport. • Most have no official documentation such as passports, identification or other official papers.
- 3. An Example of Forced Migration-The Trail of Tears
- 4. From 12 to 30 million Africans were forced from their homelands in the 18th century. It took generations to restore the population balance.
- 5. Regions of Dislocation-Africa • Endemic African • Sub-Saharan Africa-over Problems: 8 million official • Weak and corrupt international refugees- governments. the largest # in the world. • Lack of national cohesion. • Collapse of order in Somalia • Lack of a democratic tradition • Civil Wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone • Historic ethnic conflicts • Sudan’s civil war • Excessive number of weapons left over from • Rwanda massacres and the Cold War. economic disaster.
- 6. The Sudan –Fighting in the Darfur region of the Sudan has generated thousands of refugees. In eastern Chad, the Iridimi refugee camp is home to almost 15,000 refugees from the Darfur province, including the women in this photo.
- 7. Regions of Dislocation • South West & Central • South and South East Asia: Asia: • Kurds in Iraq, Turkey and • Civil War in Sri Lanka- Syria displaced during Tamils versus Sinahlese Gulf Wars. • Vietnam and Cambodia • Palestinians displaced by after the Vietnam War several wars with Israel. • Myanmar (Burma) • Afghanistan-many military rule has driven refugees during the long many to exile. Soviet occupation, Taliban regime and war.
- 8. Major Modern Migrations • Europe to North America & South America • Africa to the Americas (Slave Trade) • UK to Australia, New Zealand • India to East Africa, SE Asia • China to SE Asia • Eastern US to Western US • Western Russia to Eastern Russia
- 10. Review World Regions for Test
- 11. Trans-Siberian Railway increased migration to the east.
- 14. International Migration – Movement across country borders (implying a degree of permanence).
- 16. Historic US Migration • Westward to the frontier. • Black migration to northern cities in WWI and WWII period • 1950s, 60s Cubans to Florida from Castro’s Cuba • In recent decades the migration from the Rust belt to the Sunbelt took place. • Some blacks returned to the South
- 17. Waves of Immigration-US 1820-2001 Changing immigration laws, and changing push and pull factors create waves of immigration.
- 19. National Migration Flows • Also known as internal migration - eg. US, Russia, Mexico
- 26. Guest Workers • Guest workers – migrants whom a country allows in to fill a labor need, assuming the workers will go “home” once the labor need subsides. - have short term work visas - send remittances to home country - France-many from Algeria - Germany-many from Turkey, Eastern Europe
- 27. The End