Mitochondria structure and function
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Mitochondria are filamentous or granular organelles found in aerobic cells of animals, plants, algae, protozoa, and fungi. They were first discovered in 1880. Mitochondria are bounded by an outer and inner membrane, with an intermembrane space between them. The inner membrane forms folds called cristae that increase surface area. Mitochondria contain DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes involved in oxidation and phosphorylation. Their main functions are to synthesize ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, providing energy to drive cellular processes.
Mitochondria structure and function
- 1. MITOCHONDRIA the mitochondria are filamentous or granular cytoplasmic organalles of all aerobic cells of higher animals and plants and also of some micro-organism includes Algae, protozoa, and fungi Mitochondria was first discovered by kolliker in 1880.
- 2. STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRIA • The mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane envelope which provides good tensile strenth stability and flexiblity to them • The outer and inner membrane are 60 to 70 A thick and the two membrane are separated by an inter membrane space of 60 to 70A • The inter most compartment remain filled with matrix. The matrix contain lipid, protein, circular dna,70s ribosome and certain grannules
- 3. • The inner mitochondria membrane increase surface area by giving out tubular structure called mitochondrial crests. • Inner membrane of mitochondria have elementary particle these particle represents a special ATPsynthatase and are involved in the process of oxidation and phosphorylation.
- 5. Chemical composition of mitochondria • The gross chemical composition of the mitochondria varies in different animal and plant cells. However the mitochondria are found to contain :- • 65 to 70% protein • 25 to 30% lipids • 0.5% RNA • And small amount of DNA
- 6. Functions • The mitochondria performs the most important function such as oxidation, dehydration, oxidative phosphorylation. • During biological oxidation of the carbohudrates and fats large amount of energy is released which is utilized by the mitochondria for synthesis of energy rich compound known as ATP. • As mitochondria synthesis energy rich compound ATP, they are also known as power house of the cell
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