Mitosis [compatibility mode]
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The cell cycle consists of interphase and mitosis. During interphase, the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. Mitosis is divided into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase where the duplicated chromosomes separate and two identical daughter cells form through cytokinesis. In plant cells, cytokinesis involves cell plate formation while in animal cells it involves cleavage furrow invagination.
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Mitosis [compatibility mode]
- 1. CELL CYCLE
- 2. The Cell Cycle • Cells must divide to maintain maximum efficiency. • Mitosis is the process in which somatic (body) cells divide to form a new cell. • Mitosis consists of four phases. • Interphase is the period in between each mitotic cell division.
- 3. Reproduction • Asexual Reproduction: A single cell or group of cells each duplicates its genetic material and then splits into two new genetically identical cells. – The offspring are genetically identical • Sexual Reproduction: Genetic material from each of two parents combines, producing offspring that differ genetically from either parent. – Involves the union of sex cells (egg and sperm)
- 4. Parent cell DNA replicates Cell division = One cell makes two cells Two daughter cells are genetically identical to each other and to parent cell = clones
- 5. The same DNA can appear in two forms Chromatin = uncondensed DNA Chromosome = condensed DNA
- 6. 1 Chromosome 1 chromatid per chromosome 1 DNA double helix DNA replication 1 Chromosome 2 chromatids per chromosome 2 DNA double helices
- 8. Cell division in eukaryotic cells: Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm
- 9. Interphase • Interphase is made of 3 stages. • The Gap 1 and 2 or G1 and G2 phase is when cells grow and make RNA, proteins, and other macromolecules. • The S or Synthesis phase is when the cell is making DNA.
- 10. DNA Replication • During the S phase of the cell cycle, DNA replicates. • A short section of the DNA uncoils. • New nucleotides bond to the open sections of the DNA. • The “new” and “old” sections of DNA separate and now there are 2 DNA strands.
- 11. Interphase • ATP is synthesized. • Damaged parts are repaired. • Wastes are excreted. • Proteins are made. • Organelles are formed. • Chromosomes are copied. • Specialized tasks are performed .
- 12. Interphase nucleus DNA = Chromatin
- 14. Mitosis • Mitosis consists of four phases • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase
- 15. Prophase • Longest phase. • Chromatin coils. • Nucleus disappears. • Centrioles migrate. • Spindle forms.
- 16. Prophase Nuclear membrane disappears Nucleolus disappears Chromatin condenses into chromosomes Spindle fibers appear
- 18. Metaphase • Chromatids attach to spindle fibers. • Chromatids migrate to equator of spindle.
- 19. Metaphase Chromosomes line up in center of cell
- 20. Centromere = holds chromatids together Chromatids (DNA double helix) Two chromatids per chromosome
- 21. Anaphase • Centromere splits. • Chromatids are separated. • Chromatids are now called chromosomes.
- 22. Anaphase = Sister chromatids separate from each other
- 23. Telophase • Cytoplasm divides. • Nucleus reappears. • Chromosomes uncoil.
- 24. Telophase Cytokinesis makes 2 new cells Chromosomes decondense into chromatin Nucleolus reappears Nuclear membrane reappears
- 26. Cytokinesis • In the process called cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides and two identical daughter cells are formed.
- 27. Plant cell Animal cell Cytokinesis wall grows membranes between two pinches new cells together between two new cells
- 28. Interphase Prophase Prophase Telophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Telophase Plant Cytokinesis = division of cytoplasm
- 29. Interphase Prophase Metaphase Animal cytokinesis = pinching of plasma Anaphase membrane Late Telophase Early telophase
- 30. Plant or Animal cell mitosis? Plant