Mitosis Explained
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Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. It occurs in somatic or body cells and involves several key phases: interphase where the cell grows and DNA is replicated, prophase where the nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes condense, metaphase where chromosomes line up along the center, anaphase where chromatids are separated and moved to opposite poles, telophase where the nuclear envelope reforms and cytokinesis where the cell physically divides into two daughter cells through cytokinesis. The purpose of mitosis is to replace worn out or damaged cells and to allow for growth and development.
Mitosis Explained
- 1. MitosisType of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus Essence Perry
- 2. ● Occurs only in "somatic" or body cells ● Large cells have difficulty transporting enough nutrients across their membrane ● Cells are limited in size by their SURFACE AREA and VOLUME ratio ● Reproduce cells ● Repair damaged cells ● Growth ● Development ● Aging ● Clotting Purpose of Mitosis
- 3. ● Cell is in a resting phase ● Performing “normal” cell functions ● DNA replicates (copies) ● Organelles double in number: to prepare for division 1. Interphase
- 4. ● Chromatids visible ● Centrioles migrate to the poles ● Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappears ● Spindle fibers form 2. Prophase
- 5. ● Chromosomes line up along the equator ● Chromosome pairs attach to spindle fibers 3. Metaphase
- 6. ● Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles (ends of cells) ● Sister chromatids split 4. Anaphase
- 7. ● Chromosomes disappear (becoming chromatin) rods to threads ● Nuclear membrane reforms ● Nucleolus reappears ● Spindle disappears ● Centrioles duplicate 5. Telophase
- 8. ● Division of the cytoplasm ● Form 2 new daughter cells ● Organelles are divided ● Daughter cells are genetically identical ● Cells return to interphase ● Cytokinesis takes two forms, depending on the cell… 6. Cytokinesis
- 9. Plants: ● New Cell Wall forms between the two new cells Animals: ● Cell pinches inward and then splits into two 6.2 Cytokinesis
- 10. Vocabulary Cancer – cells lose the ability to control growth and continue to divide. G1 –phase of the cell cycle after cell division, growth and daily life S Phase –Replication or synthesis of DNA and associated proteins that happens before cells divide. G2 –Phase of the cell cycle when cells prepare for cell division by making more organelles and cytoplasm. Chromosome –Thread like structure within the nucleus containing genetic information. Made of DNA coiled around proteins. Chromatid –half of a duplicated chromosome. One of two “sister” parts, makes half of the “X” Centromere –area where sister chromatids of a chromosome attach. Centriole –tiny microtubule structure located in the cytoplasm that helps create the spindle fibers. Spindle –helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis. Fan shaped structure made of microtubules.