Mobile ip group_3
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Mobile IP is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard designed to allow mobile device users to move between networks while maintaining a permanent IP address. It uses a home address for identification and a care-of address for routing. Key functions include foreign agent discovery, home agent registration using registration requests and replies, and tunneling via encapsulation to forward packets to the mobile node's care-of address. Route optimization enables direct communication between a correspondent node and the mobile node to improve efficiency.
Mobile ip group_3
- 1. Mobile IP Prepared by: Purvik Rana Mihir Patel Nidhi Patel Yagnesh Shinde Nirali Rana
- 2. Outline Mobility and IP Mobile IP Foreign Agent Discovery Home Agent Registration Tunneling and Encapsulation Route Optimization 2
- 3. Mobility With invention of the wireless technology the mobile user live in the environment which provide services Anytime Anywhere Two Kinds of Mobility Seamless Mobility Mobility is totally transparent to application Portability Mobility Mobility is not transparent to applications when we move, but we can still access the network at a new place 3
- 4. Problems We have seen that mobile users can change point of attachment In a cellular network, a mobile changes base station. A mobile user can work at office and at home at different in a day We want our applications not to be disturbed from mobility We want to continue to talk with our cell-phone when we change base-stations 4
- 5. What is Mobile IP? Mobile IP is an Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF) standard protocols Designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to another while maintaining a permanent IP address Mobile IP is a layer-3 (network layer) mobility solution Support mobile users (laptops,PC etc) in the Internet in a seamless manner. Higher protocol layers (TCP, UDP, RTP, etc) and applications are not aware of mobility Mobile stations change physical point of attachments at the Physical layer Mobile IP is a solution that is independent of the physical and data-link layers 5
- 6. Mobile IP Ethernet Token Ring PPP WLAN 802.11b Bluetooth TCP UDP Network Applications and Protocols Telnet, FTP, HTTP, etc. Mobility is seamless to these. .... The link layer can be anything. TCP/IP Protocol STACK 6
- 7. Why We Need Mobile IP? It is recognized that Mobile IP lacks flexibility with respect to the transparent and mandatory mobility support to various applications When multiple interfaces are available to one user device to access heterogeneous networks flow level traffic control is needed in addition to device level methods 7
- 8. Mobile IP Approach Mobile IP Uses twoTypes of address A fixed Home Address Used for Identification A Care- of Address Used for Routing 8
- 10. Mobile IP Functions Foreign Agent Discovery A Mobile node uses a discovery procedure to identify prospective home and foreign agents Home Agent Registration A Mobile node uses a registration procedure to inform its home agent of its care-of address Tunneling Tunneling procedure is used to forward IP datagrams from a home address to a care- of address There are various form of tunneling: Ip-Ip Encapsulation Minimum Encapsulation GRE 10
- 11. Foreign Agent Discovery And Home Agent Registration
- 12. Home Agent And Foreign Agent Home Agent is a router on a mobile node's home network that maintains information the device's current location, as identified in its care-of address. Foreign Agent is a router serving as a mobility agent for a mobile node it works in conjunction with a home agent to support Internet traffic forwarding - from any location other than its home network of Mobile Node 12
- 13. Mobile Agent Discovery How a mobile node discovers the home and foreign agents when it travels? Agents periodically broadcast their presence (advertisement) on a link Agent advertisement messages. A mobile node receiving the advertisement understand from the IP addresses included in the advertisement: Whether it is in the home network or not? Whether it has moved to new location or not. 13
- 14. Agent Advertisement Message Mobile nodes use agent advertisements to determine their current point of attachment to the Internet Its an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) router advertisement Extended to also carry a mobility agent advertisement extension A foreign agent can be too busy to serve additional mobile nodes Must continue to send agent advertisements Already registered mobile nodes will know that they have not moved out of range of the foreign agent and that the foreign agent has not failed. 14
- 15. Registration Through agent advertisements, mobile nodes detect when they have moved from one network to another Getting Agent Advertisement Message, Registration begin which include, The mobile node registers through the foreign agent Even when the mobile node might be able to acquire its own co-located care-of address Registration procedure consists of two type messages Registration Request Registration Reply 15
- 16. Registration Process for Mobile node If a mobile node is registering a foreign agent care-of address, the mobile node registers using that foreign agent If a mobile node is using a co-located care-of address, and receives an agent advertisement from a foreign agent on the link on which it is using this care-of address, the mobile node registers using that foreign agent If a mobile node uses a co-located care-of address, the mobile node registers directly with its home agent If a mobile node returns to its home network, the mobile node deregisters with its home agent 16
- 17. Registration Request A mobile node registers with its home agent using a registration request message so that its home agent can create or modify a mobility binding for that mobile node (for example, with a new lifetime). The foreign agent can relay the registration request to the home agent. However, if the mobile node is registering a co-located care-of address, then the mobile node can send the registration request directly to the home agent. HA FA M REQ REQ 17
- 18. Registration Reply A mobility agent returns a registration reply message to a mobile node that has sent a registration request message. If the mobile node is requesting service from a foreign agent, that foreign agent receives the reply from the home agent and subsequently relays it to the mobile node. The reply message contains the necessary codes to inform the mobile node about the status of its request, along with the lifetime granted by the home agent. 18
- 19. Care-of-Address types Normal Care-of-address Care-of-address that mobile obtains at a new location is the IP address of a foreign agent serving at that new location Registration and communication has to go through foreign agent Co-located care-of-address There is no separate foreign agent present at the new location Mobile obtains an IP at the new location through some standard mechanisms like DHCP Registration and communication is done directly between mobile and home agent 19
- 20. Security Security Problem Fraud Registration should be detected. Three Authentication Extension defined for the Mobile IP The mobile-home authentication extension. The mobile-foreign authentication extension. The foreign-home authentication extension 20
- 22. Tunneling The home agent will intercept datagram intended for the mobile node When a correspondent host sends an IP packet to a mobile (to its home address) packet is routed first to home agent of mobile through normal routing Home agent intercepts the packet and encapsulates it and tunnels it to the care-of-address of the mobile. The encapsulated packet is delivered to the care-of-address using normal routing 22
- 23. Encapsulation Methods IP-IP Encapsulation Minimal Encapsulation GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) HA FA M C Encapsulated IP Packet Tunnel 23
- 24. IP – IP Encapsulation at HA Dest Address = Addr of M Src Address = Addr of C TTL Protocol Header Checksum Identification Fragm. OffsetFlags Total LengthTOSVer HL 0 8 16 31 IP PAYLOAD Dest Address = Care-of-Address of M Src Address = Home agent addres TTL Protocol=4 Header Checksum Identification Fragm. OffsetFlags Total LengthTOSVer HL An IP packet is received at the Home agent from a correspondent host for a mobile host. Home agent encapsulated the IP Packet inside an other IP header and Sends it to the care-of-address of Mobile. Inner Header Outer Header 24
- 25. IP – IP Decapsulation at FA Dest Address = Addr of M Src Address = Addr of C TTL Protocol Header Checksum Identification Fragm. OffsetFlags Total LengthTOSVer HL 0 8 16 31 IP PAYLOAD Dest Address = Care-of-Address of M Src Address = Home agent addres TTL Protocol=4 Header Checksum Identification Fragm. OffsetFlags Total LengthTOSVer HL An encapsulated IP packet is received at the foreign agent (or at the mobile Itself for a collocated care-of-address). Receiver understands that the packet is IP-IP encapsulated by looking to the protocol field (which is 4). Inner Header Outer Header Receiver forwards (not routes) the decapsulated IP packet to the mobile node using link-level mechanisms! 25
- 26. Minimal Encapsulation at HA Dest Address = Addr of M Src Address = Addr of C TTL Protocol Header Checksum Identification Fragm. OffsetFlags Total LengthTOSVer HL IP PAYLOAD Dest Address = Addr of M Src Address = Addr of C Protocol ReservedHeader Checksum IP PAYLOAD S Dest Address = Care-of-addr of mobile Src Address = Addr of home agent TTL Proto=55 Header Checksum Identification Fragm. OffsetFlags Total LengthTOSVer HL Outer header Minimal Inner header Packet comes from Correspondent host Encapsulated using Minimal Encapsulation Method Tunneled to care-of-address 26
- 27. Sending Packets (Mobile FA) 27
- 28. Sending Packets (Mobile FA) 28
- 29. Sending Packets (FA Mobile) 29
- 32. What it is? Enable direct notification of the corresponding host Direct tunneling from the corresponding host to the mobile host Binding cache maintained at corresponding host 32
- 33. Three mobility scenarios addressed by Route Optimization MN traverses from its home domain to the foreign domain with open communication sessions. MN initiates new communication sessions when it is in the foreign domain MN moves from one foreign domain to another with open communication sessions 33
- 34. Route Optimization Messages 4 types of messages Binding update Binding request Binding warning Binding acknowledge 34
- 35. Binding Update When a home agent receives a packet to be tunneled to a mobile host, it sends a binding update message to the corresponding host When a home agent receives a binding request message, it replies with a binding update message Also used in the smooth-handoffs optimization 35
- 36. The current mobility management protocol Mobile IP (MIP) specifies the use of a Home Agent (HA) in forwarding datagram's to/from the Mobile Node (MN) Either triangular routing Reverse tunneling Additional delay in data transmission. 36
- 37. Route Optimization Techniques FA to forward the datagrams destined for the MN to its new care-of address for a short duration 37
- 38. Route optimization scheme Operation: Registration Process Session Establishment: Packet Delivery 38
- 39. Advantages of Route Optimization Allows the shortest communications path to be used Eliminates congestion at the mobile node's home agent and home link The impact of any possible failure of the home agent or networks on the path to or from it is reduced Route optimization scheme attempts to reduce the overhead and delay involved with traditional mobile communication 39
- 40. References o http://www.ee.sunysb.edu/~xwang/public/readings/ieee- mobileip98.pdf o http://home.deib.polimi.it/capone/rmd/materiale_tarr/4- mobile-ip/Perkins-book-chapter.pdf o http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_MobileIPDataEncapsula tionandTunneling.htm o http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~rhan/CSCI_7143_001_Fall_ 2002/Papers/Perkins_Tutorial_Mobile_IP.htm 40
- 41. Cont… Port AddressTranslation Based Route Optimization for Mobile IP D Badami, NThanthry,T Best, R Bhagavathula, and R Pendse Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringWichita State University 1845 Fairmount, Wichita KS 67260 USA (0-7803-8521-7/04/$20.00 © 2004 IEEE) Route Optimization in Network Mobility:Abu Zafar M. Shahriar, Mohammed Atiquzzaman, Senior Member, IEEE, andWilliam Ivancic(1553-877X/10/$25.00 c 2010 IEEE) 41