MODALVERBS-final.ppt
- 3. MODAL VERBS Grammar review ENGLISH MODAL VERBS-OXFORD ONLINE ENGLISH- INTRODUCTION
- 4. WHAT ARE MODAL VERBS? • Special verbs which behave very irregularly and that are used to indicate modality – ability, possibility, likelihood, probability, permission, and obligation. • Special verbs which show the attitude of the speaker towards an action/activity.
- 5. LIST OF MODAL VERBS • Can • Could • May • Might • Must • Shall • Should • Will • Would • Ought to Modal verbs are sometimes referred to as Modal Auxiliary verbs because they help other verbs They are Auxiliary verbs that provide additional and specific meaning to the main verb of the sentence
- 6. Structure of Modal Verbs I Modal Verb (can /should, etc.) Infinitive (without TO) You He She It We They
- 7. How do we use modals? Example: Mary can play the piano S Subje ct V Verb M -they are not conjugated - they don’t need other auxiliary verbs
- 8. Form He can ski not He cans ski or He can skis. Would you like to come with me? Do you would like to come with me? They can’t be serious. They don’t can be serious. There is no “s” in singular There is no “do / does” in the question There is no “don’t / doesn’t” in the negative
- 9. Form to can / caning to must /musting She must study. He could play football in his youth. (general ability) We should have gone the other way. Modal verbs do not have infinitives or –ing forms Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without to
- 10. Form Modal verbs do not have all the tenses Many modals cannot be used with the past or the future tenses Can - be able to Must - have to I can solve the problem. – I was able to solve the problem. You must come early. – You had to come early yesterday.
- 11. Modals in the Past - refer to actions that happened in the past It must have been a difficult decision They should have invited her to their wedding MODAL + HAVE + verb in past participle
- 12. CAN 1) to express ability: Ryan can speak French but he cannot speak German. Superman can do things that ordinary people can’t. 2) to express request: Can you help Sue? Can I offer you something to drink? 3) to express permission: Can I use your cell phone? You can’t go out with Victor. 4) to express possibility: If the weather is perfect tomorrow, we can go on a picnic. I can be ready by five. I will be ready five.
- 13. COULD 1) to express abilities in the past: Jason could talk when he was four. 2) to express permission: Could I leave the classroom? 3) to express future possibility: I could get a bad final mark. It depends on the next exam. 4) could with present perfect tense is used to express something in the past may be real. You could have been killed in that accident. I could have won that game.
- 14. SHALL 1) to express the simple future for the first person. • Shall we meet at the bus stop? • I shall never forget your help.
- 15. WILL 1) present to future tense: Sean will leave tomorrow. She will be back in a few days. If it rains, the soccer game will be put off. 2) express willing, If you won’t go and help him, I will. I will wash the dishes if you cook.
- 16. WOULD 1) as the past tense of will: She said she would buy dinner on her way home. I believed it would rain so I brought my raincoat. 2) to express polite request: Would you please take off your coat? Would you mind turning the radio off?
- 17. SHOULD 1) to give advice and opinions You are driving too fast; you should slow down a little bit. You have gained a lot of weight. You should go on a diet. 2) to express expectations: Are you ready? The taxi should be here soon. Twenty dollars is enough. It shouldn’t cost more than that. 3) to suggest a less strong possibility If you should pass the bakery, can you buy some bread? Should with present perfect tense means something in the past should not be done. The baby is crying. You shouldn’t have talked so loudly. She is angry. You shouldn’t have come back so late.
- 18. MUST and HAVE TO 1) express something is necessary and essential You must pay by cash. You have to drive on the right in France. 2) Students have to wear uniform. must not is used to express something is not permitted or allowed. You mustn’t smoke, eat and drink in the museum. You must not drink and drive. 3) not have to is used to express something that is not to be done necessarily. We don’t have to get up early on Saturday. She doesn’t have to live in the hotel. She can live with us.
- 19. MAY 1) express possibility in the present or in the future. It may rain. Elizabeth may know his telephone number. 2) for permission: May I come in? You may come if you want. 3) to express wish or hope. May you a long life!
- 20. MIGHT 1) to express possibility in the present or in the future. Ashley might be in the library. I am not sure. George might come as well. He may come. He might come. (the chance that he comes is less likely than may) 2) might with present perfect tense means speculation about the past. Edward is late. He might have missed his bus or he might have overslept.
- 21. NEED • 1) to express necessity –mostly in interrogative: • Need you go so soon? • 2)to express lack of necessity (present or past) in the negative: • You needn’t reset your electronic clock. • You needn’t have stayed awake all night.
- 22. OUGHT TO • 1) to express duty, necessity: • In Australia students ought to swim. • 2)moral obligation: • You ought to tell her the truth; she deserves to know. • 3) expectation: • The form tutor ought to be able to help you. • 4) advice, suggestion: • You ought to see Venice before it sinks.
- 23. USED TO • 1) to express frequency in the past: • I used to ride the bike when I was 10 years old.
- 28. ONLINE EXERCISE ON MODALS