Modeling and rm theory
- 1. Modeling and Role Modeling Prepared and presented by: Muhammad Hasnain Shaikh
- 2. Ground Rules Some ground rules for this presentation: Please keep your mobile phones switched off. Maintain silence during presentations. Ask questions at the end of this presentation. One person talk at a time.
- 3. Objectives By the end of this presentation learners will be able to: 1) Discuss brief introduction of theorist. 2) Define modeling and role modeling. 3) Define the theoretical sources of the theory. 4) Define major concepts of the theory 5) Describe theoretical underpinnings. 6) Explain metaparadigm of this theory. 7) List 5 nursing interventions according to the theory.
- 5. Theorist Introduction Helen C. Erickson was born in 1936. She currently lives in Texas, where she is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Texas at Austin. (Hertz, 2015)
- 6. Educational Background 1957 - Diploma Saginaw General Hospital School of Nursing 1974 - BSN The University of Michigan 1976 - MS in Psychiatric and Medical-Surgical Nursing The University of Michigan 1984 - 1984: PhD in Educational Psychology The University of Michigan (Hertz, 2015)
- 7. Clinical Background Emergency Room and Medical-Surgical Nursing: Texas, Michigan Director of Health Services, InterAmerican University, San German, Puerto Rico Independent Holistic Nurse Practitioner: Michigan, South Carolina, Texas Faculty/Administrator: The University of Michigan, University of South Carolina, The University of Texas Professor Emerita: The University of Texas (Hertz, 2015)
- 8. Theory Introduction This theory was developed by Helen C. Erickson, Evelyn M. Tomlin, and Mary Ann P. Swain. The theory was published in the book “Modeling and Role Modeling: A Theory and Paradigm for Nursing”, in 1983. (Sappington, 1996)
- 9. Theory Introduction The Theory of Modeling and Role-Modeling enables nurses to care for and nurture each client with an awareness of and respect for the individual’s uniqueness. Care is offered that recognizes that clients have the knowledge and ability to understand what has made them sick, as well as what will make them well. (Sappington, 1996)
- 11. Modeling "Modeling" is to gain an understanding of the client's world from the client's perspective. That is to build a "model" of the client's world view. Modeling occurs as the nurse accepts and understands her clients. (Tomey, 1998)
- 13. Role Modeling Role modeling occurs when nurse plan and implement interventions that are unique for the client. The nurse facilitates and nurtures the individual in attaining, maintaining, or promoting health through purposefull interventions is called as “role modeling”. Role-modeling starts when the nurse moves from the analysis phase of the nursing process to the planning of nursing interventions. (Tomey, 1998)
- 14. Theoretical Sources The concepts of this theory were drawn from the work of: Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs Erikson's theory of psychosocial stages Piaget's theory of cognitive development General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) by Selye and Lazarus (Tomey, 1998)
- 16. Commonalities and Differences Erickson, Tomlin, and Swain believe that, although people are alike because of their holism, lifetime growth, and development, they are also different because of inherent endowment, adaptation, and self-care knowledge. (Tomey, 1998)
- 17. Commonalities People are like because of their: Holism Basic Needs Lifetime growth and development Affiliated-Individuation (Tomey, 1998)
- 18. Differences People are different because of their: Inherent Endowment Adaptation Adaptation Potential Self-Care Self-Care Knowledge Self-Care Resources Self-Care Action (Tomey, 1998)
- 19. Theoretical Underpinnings Development processes are squential tasks, strengths, and virtues that are associated with biological time. Individual moves through stages in life, relying on accrued resources to meet needs. Lower-level needs must be met before high-level needs (required for survival). o Not meeting needs=tension o Meeting needs=facilitates growth (Tomey, 1998)
- 20. Theoretical Underpinnings 2 types of stress responses: Arousal-adequate resources available Impoverishment-inadequate resources available (at great risk of stress=illness, disease, and/or physical death) Adaptation: needs met, diminished stress, and new resources built (Tomey, 1998)
- 21. Metaparadigm
- 22. Person Human beings are holistic persons with interacting subsystems (biophysical, psychological, social, and cognitive) and inherent genetic bases and spiritual drive. (Tomey, 1998)
- 23. Environment Environment is not identified in the theory as an entity of its own. The interaction between self and others both cultural and individual. Internal and external stressors and resources for adapting to stressors. (Tomey, 1998)
- 24. Health Health is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It connotates a state of dynamic equilibrium among the various subsystems (of a holistic person). (Tomey, 1998)
- 25. Nursing Nurse-client relationship is an interactive and interpersonal process that aids the individual to identify, mobilize and develop his or her own strengths. In the process of assissting client to achieve holistic health, the nurse must nurtures the client; facilitate and accept the client unconditionally. (Tomey, 1998)
- 26. Nursing Actions Nurses help patients, to facilitate their own health by guiding them to identify and develop their own strengths to improve health. The nurse nurtures the patient by supporting him or her to integrate all physical, psychological and spiritual systems in the process toward health. The nurse accepts each patient as a worthwhile person. (Hertz, 2015)
- 27. 5 Goals of Interventions The theory states five goals of nursing interventions as: 1) Build trust 2) Promote client’s positive orientation 3) Promote client’s control 4) Affirm and promote client’s strengths 5) Set mutual, health-directed goals (Tomey, 1998)
- 28. Aim of Theory The theory enables the nurse to care for and nurture each client with an awareness of and respect for the individual’s uniqueness. It’s based on the client’s needs. Clients have the ability and knowledge to understand what has made them sick. It empowers the patient to grow to heal. (Hertz, 2015)
- 29. Summary Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin and Mary Ann Swain developed the Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory. They view nursing as a self-care model based on the clients perception of the world and adaptations to stressors. They asserted that each individual is unique and has some self-care knowledge and needs.
- 30. Summary Nurses in this theory, facilitate, nurture and accept the person unconditionally. The nurse model (assesses), role models (plans), and intervenes in this interpersonal and interactive theory. The focus of this theory is on the person.
- 32. Reference Tomey, A.M., (1994). Nursing Theorists and Their Work. 3rd ed. Missouri: Mosby Hertz, J. (2015). SAMRM. Retrieved January 12, 2017, from Modeling and role modeling theory: An introduction: http://www.mrmnursingtheory.org/mrmoverview.h tml