Modelling the cement industry - Energy flows connected to material flows and production processes
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The document presents a detailed modeling approach to analyze the Swiss cement industry, focusing on energy flows and emission reduction targets up to 2050. It discusses the integration of energy efficiency improvements and CO2 capture technologies, showing a projected decrease in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The findings emphasize the necessity of CCS technologies and a carbon tax for achieving significant emission reductions.
![Result highlights - CCS technologies
Page 12
[1] Obrist M. et al. (2020)
• CAP-80 scenario targets a linear reduction of the CO2 emissions by 80% until
2050 compared to 2015](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/s4-03modellingthecementindustry-energyflowsconnectedtomaterialflowsandproductionprocesses-etsapworks-201222113210/85/Modelling-the-cement-industry-Energy-flows-connected-to-material-flows-and-production-processes-12-320.jpg)
![• CAP-80 scenario targets a linear reduction of the CO2 emissions by 80% until
2050 compared to 2015
Result highlights – Kiln technologies
Page 13
[1] Obrist M. et al. (2020)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/s4-03modellingthecementindustry-energyflowsconnectedtomaterialflowsandproductionprocesses-etsapworks-201222113210/85/Modelling-the-cement-industry-Energy-flows-connected-to-material-flows-and-production-processes-13-320.jpg)
Modelling the cement industry - Energy flows connected to material flows and production processes
- 1. WIR SCHAFFEN WISSEN – HEUTE FÜR MORGEN Modeling the cement industry - Energy flows connected to material flows and production processes Michel Dominik Obrist :: PhD Student :: Paul Scherrer Institute ETSAP-Workshop :: 17.12.2020
- 2. Presenter’s Profile Page 2 Michel Dominik Obrist Born 05.04.1989 PhD Student at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Villigen (CH) Laboratory for Energy System Analysis (LEA) Energy Economics Group Contact: michel.obrist@psi.ch +41 56 310 26 91 Education: Sep 09 – Sep 12: BSc in Mechanical Engineering University of Applied Sciences, Windisch (CH) Sep 16 – Sep 18: MSc in Sustainable Energy Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (DK)
- 3. • TIMES based demand model of cement industry subsector • Scope: − Cement sector in Switzerland − Analysis until 2050 • Exogenous inputs: − Prices of the energy carrier from national energy system model (STEM) − Cement demand − Scenario analysis with energy efficiency target, CO2 tax and CO2 cap • Plan is to connect the subsector model to the national energy system model General description of the model Page 3
- 4. • Previous modelling technique Methodology – Modeling technique Page 4 Space heat Process heat Mechanical drives Lighting Others Model Electricity Coal Natural gas Oil Waste Biomass Hydrogen Wood pellets Energy carrier Energy service demand
- 5. • Previous modelling technique Methodology – Modeling technique Page 5 Space heat Process heat Mechanical drives Lighting Others Electricity Coal Natural gas Oil Waste Biomass Hydrogen Wood pellets Energy carrier Energy service demand
- 6. Methodology – Modeling technique Page 6
- 7. Methodology – Modeling technique Page 7
- 8. With the new modeling technique, the model can account for: • Specific energy efficiency improvements of single process steps − Mills with higher energy efficiency − Kilns with better insulation • Process related improvements − Waste heat recovery • Material efficiency enhancement − Clinker ratio in cement − Reuse of demolished concrete as supplementary cementitious material • Process related emissions − CO2 emissions from chemical conversion of limestone into clinker Advantages Page 8
- 9. Scope of the model Page 9
- 11. • Absorbtion with monoethanolamine (MEA) − CO2 is absorbed by aqueous menoethanolamine solvent − Requires considerable amount of heat for solvent regeneration • Chilled ammonia process − CO2 is adsorbed by chilled ammonia as solvent − Heat is required for solvent regeneration and ammonia recovery • Calcium Looping – Tail end − Based on the carbonation reaction CaO + CO2 CaCO3 − Implementation of steam cycle using waste heat is possible • Oxyfuel process − Combustion is performed with oxygen and CO2 − Process needs to be modified − Possibility to implement ORC because of the hot exhaust air CCS technologies Page 11
- 12. Result highlights - CCS technologies Page 12 [1] Obrist M. et al. (2020) • CAP-80 scenario targets a linear reduction of the CO2 emissions by 80% until 2050 compared to 2015
- 13. • CAP-80 scenario targets a linear reduction of the CO2 emissions by 80% until 2050 compared to 2015 Result highlights – Kiln technologies Page 13 [1] Obrist M. et al. (2020)
- 14. Results highlights – Energy consumption per production step (BAU) Page 14
- 15. • Detailed model of the Swiss cement sector with material flows and production processes connected to conventional energy flows • With the model we were able to show: − Energy consumption decreases (3.0 GJ/tcement in 2015 to 2.3 GJ/tcement in 2050) − CO2 emissions decrease (579 kgCO2/tcement in 2015 to 466 kgCO2/tcement in 2050) − Drastic reduction of the CO2 emissions requires CCS technologies and a minimum tax of 70 EUR/tCO2 Summary and conclusion Page 15 The full scenario analysis with all results is available in our publication: Obrist M., Kannan R., Schmidt T.J., Kober T. 2020. Decarbonization pathways of the Swiss cement industry towards net zero emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125413
- 16. Page 16 Wir schaffen Wissen – heute für morgen My thanks go to my supervisors • Dr. Tom Kober • Dr. Kannan Ramachandran • Prof. Dr. Thomas Schmidt Contact: michel.obrist@psi.ch +41 56 310 26 91