Modern Systems Analysis and Design 6th Edition Jeffrey A. Hoffer
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- 5. Modern Systems Analysis and Design 6th Edition Jeffrey A. Hoffer Digital Instant Download Author(s): Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey George, Joseph Valacich ISBN(s): 9780136088219, 013608821X Edition: 6 File Details: PDF, 13.10 MB Year: 2010 Language: english
- 7. Modern Systems Analysis and Design SIXTH EDITION Jeffrey A. Hoffer University of Dayton Joey F. George Florida State University Joseph S. Valacich Washington State University Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Prentice Hall
- 8. Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen Executive Editor: Bob Horan Editorial Project Manager: Kelly Loftus Editorial Assistant: Jason Calcano Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Marketing Manager: Anne Fahlgren Marketing Assistant: Melinda Jensen Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Project Manager: Becca Richter Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Creative Director: Christy Mahon Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Interior and Cover Designer: Frubilicious Design Group Manager, Visual Research: Beth Brenzel Manager, Rights and Permissions: Zina Arabia Manager, Cover Visual Research & Permissions: Karen Sanatar Cover Art: Otto Freundlich, 1878–1943, German, “Composition”, Christie’s Images, London/ SuperStock Permissions Project Manager: Shannon Barbe Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Supplements Editor: Kelly Loftus Full-Service Project Management: GGS Higher Education Resources, a division of PreMedia Global, Inc. Composition: GGS Higher Education Resources, a division of PreMedia Global, Inc. Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendalville Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/ Hagerstown Text Font: New Baskerville Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this text- book appear on appropriate page within text. Microsoft® and Windows® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. Screen shots and icons reprinted with permission from the Microsoft Corporation. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005, 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, elec- tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trade- marks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-608821-X ISBN 13: 978-0-13-608821-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hoffer, Jeffrey A. Modern systems analysis and design / Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich. — 6th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-608821-9 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-13-608821-X (alk. paper) 1. System design. 2. System analysis. I. George, Joey F. II. Valacich, Joseph S., 1959- III. Title. QA76.9.S88H6197 2009 005.1'2—dc22 2009043559
- 9. To Patty, for her sacrifices, encouragement, and support. To my students, for being receptive and critical, and challenging me to be a better teacher. —Jeff To Karen, Evan, and Caitlin, for your love, support, and patience. —Joey To Jackie, Jordan, James, and the rest of my family. Your love and support are my greatest inspiration. —Joe
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- 11. v BRIEF CONTENTS PREFACE xxi PART ONE FOUNDATIONS FOR SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 1 1 THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT 3 2 THE ORIGINS OF SOFTWARE 29 3 MANAGING THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROJECT 45 APPENDIX: OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: PROJECT MANAGEMENT 79 PART TWO PLANNING 93 4 IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 95 5 INITIATING AND PLANNING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 123 PART THREE ANALYSIS 161 6 DETERMINING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 163 7 STRUCTURING SYSTEM PROCESS REQUIREMENTS 200 APPENDIX 7A: OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: USE CASES 235 APPENDIX 7B: OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: ACTIVITY DIAGRAMS 249 APPENDIX 7C: OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS 252 8 STRUCTURING SYSTEM DATA REQUIREMENTS 266 APPENDIX: OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: OBJECT MODELING–CLASS DIAGRAMS 301 PART FOUR DESIGN 321 9 DESIGNING DATABASES 323 10 DESIGNING FORMS AND REPORTS 364 11 DESIGNING INTERFACES AND DIALOGUES 393 12 DESIGNING DISTRIBUTED AND INTERNET SYSTEMS 431 PART FIVE IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE 469 13 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 471 14 MAINTAINING INFORMATION SYSTEMS 507 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 527 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS 536 INDEX 538
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- 13. vii CONTENTS Preface xxi PART ONE FOUNDATIONS FOR SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AN OVERVIEW OF PART ONE 2 1 THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT 3 Learning Objectives 3 Introduction 3 A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design 6 Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle 7 The Heart of the Systems Development Process 12 The Traditional Waterfall SDLC 14 Different Approaches to Improving Development 15 CASE Tools 15 Rapid Application Development 17 Service-Oriented Architecture 18 Agile Methodologies 19 eXtreme Programming 22 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 22 Our Approach to Systems Development 24 Summary 25 Key Terms 25 Review Questions 26 Problems and Exercises 26 Field Exercises 27 References 27 2 THE ORIGINS OF SOFTWARE 29 Learning Objectives 29 Introduction 29 Systems Acquisition 30 Outsourcing 30 Sources of Software 32 Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software 38 Validating Purchased Software Information 39 Reuse 40 Summary 43 Key Terms 43
- 14. Review Questions 43 Problems and Exercises 43 Field Exercises 44 References 44 3 MANAGING THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROJECT 45 Learning Objectives 45 Introduction 45 Pine Valley Furniture Company Background 46 Managing the Information Systems Project 47 Initiating a Project 51 Planning the Project 53 Executing the Project 61 Closing Down the Project 63 Representing and Scheduling Project Plans 64 Representing Project Plans 66 Calculating Expected Time Duration Using PERT 67 Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture 67 Using Project Management Software 71 Establishing a Project Starting Date 72 Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships 72 Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports 73 Summary 74 Key Terms 74 Review Questions 75 Problems and Exercises 76 Field Exercises 77 References 78 APPENDIX: OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: PROJECT MANAGEMENT 79 Learning Objectives 79 Unique Characteristics of an OOSAD Project 79 Define the System as a Set of Components 79 Complete Hard Problems First 81 Using Iterations to Manage the Project 82 Don’t Plan Too Much Up Front 82 How Many and How Long Are Iterations? 83 Project Activity Focus Changes Over the Life of a Project 83 Summary 85 Review Questions 85 Problems and Exercises 85 BEC CASE: COMPANY BACKGROUND 86 Case Introduction 86 The Company 86 Company History 87 Company Organization 87 Development of Information Systems 88 Information Systems at BEC Today 89 viii CONTENTS BEC Broadway Entertainment Company
- 15. CONTENTS ix In-Store Systems 90 Corporate Systems 90 Status of Systems 91 Case Summary 91 Case Questions 92 PART TWO PLANNING AN OVERVIEW OF PART TWO 94 4 IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 95 Learning Objectives 95 Introduction 95 Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects 96 The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects 97 Deliverables and Outcomes 101 Corporate and Information Systems Planning 102 Corporate Strategic Planning 103 Information Systems Planning 105 Electronic Commerce Applications: Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects 112 Internet Basics 112 Pine Valley Furniture WebStore 113 Summary 114 Key Terms 114 Review Questions 115 Problems and Exercises 115 Field Exercises 116 References 116 BEC CASE: IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING THE CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 118 Case Introduction 118 The Idea for a New System 119 Formalizing a Project Proposal 119 Case Summary 122 Case Questions 122 5 INITIATING AND PLANNING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 123 Learning Objectives 123 Introduction 123 Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects 124 The Process of Initiating and Planning IS Development Projects 125 Deliverables and Outcomes 126 Assessing Project Feasibility 127 Assessing Economic Feasibility 127 Assessing Technical Feasibility 135 Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns 138 Building and Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan 140 Building the Baseline Project Plan 140 Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan 145 BEC Broadway Entertainment Company
- 16. Electronic Commerce Applications: Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects 149 Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects for Pine Valley Furniture’s WebStore 150 Summary 152 Key Terms 152 Review Questions 153 Problems and Exercises 153 Field Exercises 154 References 154 BEC CASE: INITIATING AND PLANNING THE CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 156 Case Introduction 156 Initiating and Planning the Project 156 Developing the Baseline Project Plan 157 Case Summary 159 Case Questions 159 PART THREE ANALYSIS AN OVERVIEW OF PART THREE 162 6 DETERMINING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 163 Learning Objectives 163 Introduction 163 Performing Requirements Determination 164 The Process of Determining Requirements 164 Deliverables and Outcomes 165 Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements 166 Interviewing and Listening 166 Interviewing Groups 170 Directly Observing Users 171 Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents 173 Contemporary Methods for Determining System Requirements 177 Joint Application Design 178 Using Prototyping During Requirements Determination 181 Radical Methods for Determining System Requirements 183 Identifying Processes to Reengineer 184 Disruptive Technologies 184 Requirements Management Tools 185 Requirements Determination Using Agile Methodologies 186 Continual User Involvement 186 Agile Usage-Centered Design 187 The Planning Game from eXtreme Programming 188 Electronic Commerce Applications: Determining System Requirements 190 Determining System Requirements for Pine Valley Furniture’s WebStore 190 Summary 193 Key Terms 193 Review Questions 194 x CONTENTS BEC Broadway Entertainment Company
- 17. Problems and Exercises 194 Field Exercises 195 References 196 BEC CASE: DETERMINING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE WEB-BASED CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 197 Case Introduction 197 Getting Started on Requirements Determination 197 Conducting Requirements Determination 197 Case Summary 198 Case Questions 199 7 STRUCTURING SYSTEM PROCESS REQUIREMENTS 200 Learning Objectives 200 Introduction 200 Process Modeling 201 Modeling a System’s Process for Structured Analysis 201 Deliverables and Outcomes 202 Data Flow Diagramming Mechanics 202 Definitions and Symbols 203 Developing DFDs: An Example 205 Data Flow Diagramming Rules 207 Decomposition of DFDs 208 Balancing DFDs 211 An Example DFD 213 Using Data Flow Diagramming in the Analysis Process 216 Guideline for Drawings DFDs 216 Using DFDs as Analysis Tools 218 Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering 219 Modeling Logic with Decision Tables 221 Electronic Commerce Application: Process Modeling Using Data Flow Diagrams 224 Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture’s WebStore 225 Summary 226 Key Terms 227 Review Questions 228 Problems and Exercises 228 Field Exercises 234 References 234 APPENDIX 7A: OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: USE CASES 235 Learning Objectives 235 Introduction 235 Use Cases 235 What Is a Use Case? 235 Use Case Diagrams 236 Definitions and Symbols 237 Written Use Cases 240 Level 240 The Rest of the Template 241 CONTENTS xi BEC Broadway Entertainment Company HOOSIER BURGER HOOSIER BURGER
- 18. Electronic Commerce Application: Process Modeling Using Use Cases 244 Writing Use Cases for Pine Valley Furniture’s WebStore 244 Summary 246 Key Terms 247 Review Questions 247 Problems and Exercises 247 Field Exercise 248 References 248 APPENDIX 7B: OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: ACTIVITY DIAGRAMS 249 Learning Objectives 249 Introduction 249 When to Use an Activity Diagram 249 Problems and Exercises 251 Reference 251 APPENDIX 7C: OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS 252 Learning Objectives 252 Introduction 252 Dynamic Modeling: Sequence Diagrams 253 Designing a Use Case with a Sequence Diagram 254 A Sequence Diagram for Hoosier Burger 258 Summary 259 Key Terms 259 Review Questions 260 Problems and Exercises 260 Field Exercise 260 References 261 BEC CASE: STRUCTURING SYSTEM PROCESS REQUIREMENTS FOR THE WEB-BASED CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 262 Case Introduction 262 Structuring the High-Level Process Findings from Requirements Determination 262 Case Summary 264 Case Questions 265 8 STRUCTURING SYSTEM DATA REQUIREMENTS 266 Learning Objectives 266 Introduction 266 Conceptual Data Modeling 267 The Conceptual Data Modeling Process 268 Deliverables and Outcomes 269 Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling 270 xii CONTENTS BEC Broadway Entertainment Company HOOSIER BURGER
- 19. Introduction to E-R Modeling 272 Entities 273 Attributes 275 Candidate Keys and Identifiers 276 Other Attribute Types 277 Relationships 278 Conceptual Data Modeling and the E-R Model 279 Degree of a Relationship 279 Cardinalities in Relationships 281 Naming and Defining Relationships 283 Associative Entities 284 Summary of Conceptual Data Modeling with E-R Diagrams 285 Representing Supertypes and Subtypes 286 Business Rules 288 Domains 289 Triggering Operations 289 Role of Packaged Conceptual Data Models—Database Patterns 290 Universal Data Models 291 Industry-Specific Data Models 291 Benefits of Database Patterns and Packaged Data Models 291 Electronic Commerce Application: Conceptual Data Modeling 292 Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture’s WebStore 292 Summary 296 Key Terms 296 Review Questions 297 Problems and Exercises 298 Field Exercises 300 References 300 APPENDIX: OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: OBJECT MODELING–CLASS DIAGRAMS 301 Learning Objectives 301 Introduction 301 Representing Objects and Classes 301 Types of Operations 303 Representing Associations 303 Representing Associative Classes 305 Representing Stereotypes for Attributes 306 Representing Generalization 307 Representing Aggregation 309 An Example of Conceptual Data Modeling at Hoosier Burger 310 Summary 314 Key Terms 314 Review Questions 315 Problems and Exercises 315 References 316 CONTENTS xiii HOOSIER BURGER
- 20. BEC CASE: STRUCTURING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: CONCEPTUAL DATA MODELING FOR THE WEB-BASED CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 317 Case Introduction 317 Structuring the High-Level Data Modeling Findings from Requirements Determination 317 Case Summary 318 Case Questions 318 PART FOUR DESIGN AN OVERVIEW OF PART FOUR 322 9 DESIGNING DATABASES 323 Learning Objectives 323 Introduction 323 Database Design 324 The Process of Database Design 325 Deliverables and Outcomes 326 Relational Database Model 329 Well-Structured Relations 330 Normalization 331 Rules of Normalization 331 Functional Dependence and Primary Keys 331 Second Normal Form 332 Third Normal Form 332 Transforming E-R Diagrams Into Relations 334 Represent Entities 334 Represent Relationships 335 Summary of Transforming E-R Diagrams to Relations 338 Merging Relations 338 An Example of Merging Relations 339 View Integration Problems 339 Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 340 Physical File and Database Design 343 Designing Fields 343 Choosing Data Types 343 Controlling Data Integrity 345 Designing Physical Tables 346 Arranging Table Rows 348 Designing Controls for Files 352 Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 254 Electronic Commerce Application: Designing Databases 355 Designing Databases for Pine Valley Furniture’s WebStore 355 Summary 357 Key Terms 358 Review Questions 359 Problems and Exercises 359 Field Exercises 361 References 361 xiv CONTENTS BEC Broadway Entertainment Company HOOSIER BURGER HOOSIER BURGER
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- 22. En el festin del demonio! Y era un fandango de piernas, Y de brazos y accesorios, Que en las secciones del cuerpo, Rompiendo mares de estorbos, Juraban su independencia De apreturas y rescoldos. Cada vaiven da materia Para llenar quince tomos: Por aquí gritan las viejas, Por allá ruedan los gordos: El negro pega unos saltos Cual sus abuelos los monos, Y el que no resulta herido, Es que está al perder un ojo. ¡Qué comer! sagrado cielo! Mejor nos fuera rastrojo, O pedernales refritos Con ensalada de abrojos. Eran pedazos de oreja De caballo, pelos de oso, Cola de pegar maderas, Hule con astas de toro, Jabon con hiel y vinagre Y de asafétida trozos. Item; glóbulos de acíbar, Item, caprichos de corcho, Y por líquido elemento Los intestinos de un pozo, Con tremendos guzarapos Negros, morados y rojos. Item, un whiskey, que el bruto Que apechuga con un sorbo, Queda como sin aliento, Con lágrimas en los ojos, Y extendiendo las dos manos
- 23. Solicitando socorro. Y es tan horrenda pintura, Como canto melodioso Comparada con la noche Que fué nuestro purgatorio. El negrazo patiabierto Forma á las ancianas biombo, Y sus enormes botazas Se nos plantan en el rostro: Este sube, el otro baja, Hipa el uno, tose el otro, Y se chocan contra el techo Piernas, sorbetes y gorros. Al rezongar del negrito Hacen bajo los dos gordos, Con roncar tan desalmado, Tan majadero y tan bronco, Que en competencia el rebuzno Pareciera melodioso, Y el chirriar de la carreta, Y la algazara del gongo. Así pasaron las horas, Sospechando cada prójimo (Presa casi de la asfixia Y tostado en aquel horno), Ver en carbon convertidos Piés y manos, pecho y ojos, Hasta que salió la aurora Poniendo cara de tonto, Sobre un llano tan ingrato, Tan seco y tan de mal modo, Como se junta una suegra Con aborrecido novio, Como se juntan dos plagas, Como se besan dos monstruos
- 24. Como se besan dos monstruos. La luz alumbró en el coche Horrores, del mundo asombro: Por aquí gorros ajados, Por allí pálidos rostros; Los flacos cual para-rayos, Casi desnudos los gordos; Y ligas, guantes, tirantes, Como de un guiso en el bodrio, En lagos de mantequilla Que el conductor codicioso Puso á nuestros piés en botes Y que derritió el bochorno. Con todo, al mirar la aurora, "¿Llegamos?".... dijimos todos, Y el conductor nos responde Bostezando perezoso: "Poco tiempo, otro poquita, Como te vas San Antonio." —— Humanidad desdichada, Condenada cual nosotros A pasar este suplicio, A bramar en este potro, Pídele á Dios que esta tierra, Que no pisan ni los lobos, Vergüenza de los desiertos, De los reptiles emporio, O se acorte ó mar se vuelva, O la cierna un terremoto Y del mapa desparezca, Donde está dejando un hoyo. Fidel.
- 25. Fuera de toda broma, el camino, si así puede llamarse la travesía de grandes llanuras, es infernal. En un espacio de sesenta leguas aproximativamente, hay cuatro pequeñísimas poblaciones y los desmantelados lugares en que se remudan las postas. En esos parajes se detiene la diligencia unos cuantos minutos; los pasajeros entran en tropel á una desajuarada pieza. En el centro de ella hay una mesita insuficiente; á poca distancia se rebullen contra el brasero unas arpías. En la mesa impera un jarron de agua negra con el nombre de café. Vense sembrados en la mesa platitos pequeños con tiras de jamon como cortezas de árbol, maíces en crudo cuasi, yema de huevo hecha picadillo, una especie de balas de masa que llaman pan; y si la posta tiene mucho lujo, un pedazo de carne dura medio revolcada en grasa, ceniza y cochambre, que llaman biftek. La agua es salobre, mordente, y poblada de gusanitos inquietos. Las poblaciones más regulares son Castroville, Orvalde, Blaskville, Fort Clark y Paso del Aguila. Pero solo en esta última poblacion es en la que se descansa despues de un golpeo de dos dias. Aunque no faltan conatos de poblaciones nuevas y cultivo, son grandes los tramos de desierto, y el aspecto de los habitantes es triste, bárbaro, presentando el interior de las chozas espectáculos de verdadera miseria. A veces, como inesperada, á la orilla de un camino se ve una tienda de groceries, ó como si dijéramos, mestiza: á ella se agolpa la gente y hay su remedo de tráfico. En más de veinte años Castroville, por ejemplo, ha tenido corto desarrollo; los carros de Durango y Chihuahua dan alguna vida á esos lugares, y se la da el contrabando, no en direccion de Piedras
- 26. Negras como se cree generalmente, sino en la de Laredo por un extremo, y por el otro sobre la Laguna, para dominar Zacatecas, San Luis y Durango, sin necesidad de atravesar el desierto que media entre el Saltillo y San Luis. A Piedras Negras llegamos á las once de la noche, es decir, cuarenta y seis horas de aporreo contundente. El Grande Hotel de Eagle Pass, que tiene por frontera Piedras Negras del lado de México, es un corral inmenso que tiene por límite un tendido jacalon: en el corral hay macheros, cuadras y bodegas, y á la habitacion la divide un abierto pasadizo en piezas para los propietarios, y comedor y pieza de dormir de los mártires viajeros. A nuestra llegada, anunciada con gritos y silbidos, aparecieron algunos hombres en pechos de camisa, á la usanza de Tierracaliente, con chanclas hechas de desechos de botas y botines, mangas de camisa remangadas, brazos velludos, cabezas alborotadas y rostros tostados por el sol y por el whiskey. Hablaban aquellas gentes á la vez todos los idiomas; pero á derechas, ninguno de los conocidos. A medida que desembarcábamos del vehículo, entre muchachos, mastines y acarreadores entrometidos, nos señalaban para embodegarnos una pieza que por todo mueble tenia de esos catres de tijera y lona, sin más adminículos. Pero es el caso que muy poco se cuidaba nadie de que hubiera correspondencia entre el número de huéspedes y el de catres; así es que era muy comun ver que entraba uno á adjuntarse muy orondo al otro que reposaba en profundo sueño, y solia celebrar su advenimiento con un puñetazo. La poblacion de Eagle Pass se halla frente por frente de Piedras Negras, dividiendo á ambas el rio Bravo del Norte, que corre como en una hondonada entre ambas riberas accidentadas y llenas de desigualdades y malezas.
- 27. A trechos se ven las casitas entre las zarzas, como un rebaño esparcido; á veces forman calle en que abundan cantinas y lugares de tráfico. Pero todo signo de propiedad, elegancia y hasta el recuerdo de las ciudades de los Estados-Unidos, parece extinguirse; es el fondo de la coladera, el resíduo de la poblacion, la orilla del mar en que se depositan espumas y basuras. En el sitio de la guarnicion militar se percibe más esmerada cultura. Desde la loma en que está colocado el gran jacalon que era nuestro hotel, más bien se sospecha que se percibe Piedras Negras. Distínguese el lado mexicano como detrás de un muro, la plaza es extensa y cuadrada, con sus casas bajas de cal y canto, risueñas, abiertas de par en par y con la fisonomía característica de nuestras poblaciones. Yo tenia que atravesar arena y algo de mal país para percibir, como un enamorado, mi tierra; y luego que la encontré frente á frente, le dije una de piropos y de ternezas, que quedé como fortalecido y contento. Desde San Antonio habia yo escrito á mi nombre y al de Francisco al General Naranjo, mi amigo muy querido, que nos ajustara un carricoche y unos prácticos del terreno: sus contestaciones fueron de lo más satisfactorias, y el coche fué de más, porque gran parte del camino la hicimos en su carruaje y rodeados de toda clase de atenciones. Luego que amaneció el 6 de Agosto del año del Señor de 1877, escribí un papelito al Sr. Zartuche, administrador de la aduana, para que se sirviese ordenar lo conveniente para el traslado de nuestros equipajes, que podia cargar con desembarazo una golondrina. La respuesta fué que esperásemos al Sr. Zartuche, que se disponia á ir por nosotros para acompañarnos.
- 28. —Pero, hombre, me decia Francisco, ¿te has vuelto loco? mírate revolviendo tu maleta mártir, mírate sacando de su inercia eterna al escarmenador y al cepillo. ¿Qué te sucede? —Acicálate tú tambien, vamos á abrazar á la niña: estamos de galanes y de novios. Y de facto, nos poniamos de veinticinco alfileres, y garbeábamos como unos pollos en aquel reducido espacio que nos dejaban los catres y los yankees medio despatarrados y desnudos. —El criado me ha dicho, decia yo, dirigiéndome á Francisco y á riesgo de que se diese una cortada, que Naranjo mandó traer unas buenas sandías para que refresquemos al llegar: ahí está con él ese heróico General Falcon, honra de nuestra patria, tan fino y caballeroso como siempre. —¿Y el coronel Nuncio, está? me dijo Pancho, desviando la navaja de su cara. —Ahí lo tienes, tan seco, tan pelon y tan aparentemente brusco; pero es finísimo: todo lo que tiene de temerario en la guerra, tiene de dulce y de caballeroso en el trato familiar. Y ¿sabes? el viejo Resendis, tan querido de Juarez, ahí está tambien. Anda, yo te anudaré la corbata. —Déjame en paz. —Oigo el carruaje. Aquí! aquí! yo soy, Sr. Zartuche, ese Fidel muy campechano y muy de su tierra: venga vd. por aquí. Es el Sr. Zartuche un anciano florido y de cara abierta y bondadosa; sus patillas, como dos motas de algodon; sus canas, cayendo en hilos de plata sobre su frente tostada por el sol. Zartuche es la misma probidad y el carácter más noble que se puede imaginar. Yo dejé mi equipo á la buena de Dios, y escalé el carruajito como mejor pude. Francisco saludó y guardó las atenciones que es debido.
- 29. Llegamos á la orilla del rio: del otro lado habia algunos curiosos. Descendí del carruaje y me puse de pié en el chalan: veia rielando el sol en las aguas; la orilla de la patria como que se me acercaba tendiéndome sus brazos: me ahogaba la emocion. Cuando salté á tierra, volví mis ojos, y de rodillas, brillando el sol en sus canas y su hermosa frente, ví á Francisco besando la tierra de nuestra patria. No por imitacion, sino por un acto que no podré explicar, me descubrí tambien y apliqué mis labios á esta patria tan bella, tan llena de infortunios, pero que se hace amar como ninguna otra patria de la tierra. Miéntras Francisco saludaba y le rodeaban de atenciones nuestros amigos, yo, al rayo del sol y recargado en un desnudo tronco medio hundido en la arena, escribia mi saludo á la patria, cuyo nombre sagrado quiero que cierre, como un broche de diamante, el humilde trabajo que tuve la osadía de titular: Viaje á los Estados-Unidos: A MI PATRIA.
- 30. Quiero pegar reverente, Patria, mi labio á tu suelo, Miéntras me envuelve tu cielo Con su claridad fulgente. —— Que en la eternidad de lloro Que derramé en el tormento, Fué de consuelos tesoro Soñar con este momento. —— Y siguiendo la ilusion, En dolorosa porfía, Despedazarse sentia De angustia mi corazon. —— Pensando constante en tí En mi soledad oscura, Me fingia mi locura Que hablabas dentro de mí. —— De mi mal en los excesos, Pidió mi voz dolorida A Dios, no dicha, no vida.... Tu tierra para mis huesos. ——
- 31. ¿Cómo la luz te alumbró Y tus campos renovaste? ¡Oh patria! ¿pues qué, encontraste Quien te amara como yo? —— Cuántos arrullos sentidos, Cuántos ecos hechiceros, Cuántos trinos de jilgueros Enamorando en sus nidos, —— Te ha guardado el corazon En ignorados cantares: Tu nombre confié á los mares Con entusiasta emocion. —— Y cuando más sin fortuna, En las playas de Occidente, Alumbró mi triste frente Con tibio rayo la luna, —— Al resoplar el vapor, Que de las ondas triunfaba, Sollozando le contaba Tus encantos y mi amor. —— ¡Oh! é b l d d
- 32. ¡Oh! qué acerba soledad Sin tí surge del bullicio! ¡Oh! qué atroz es el suplicio, Oh patria, de tu orfandad! —— Asusta la vária suerte Con su inconstancia temida, Tiene más ansias la vida, Tiene más sombras la muerte! —— Y quejoso y lastimero Nos dice el viento al pasar: "¿Qué sombra te ha de abrigar? ¿Quién conoce al extranjero?" —— ¡Si supieras cuál sufrí! Si dijera el labio mio Cómo del alma el vacío Es espantoso sin tí! —— A tu vista palpitante Olvido del hado el ceño.... Dí que mi ausencia fué un sueño, Repítelo, patria amante! —— Patria de Hidalgo y de Juares,
- 33. g y , Patria de amor, patria mia, La patria de mis cantares, La patria de mi María, —— Con rendida adoracion Beso tu sagrada arena: Está de tí mi alma llena, Te canta mi corazon! Guillermo Prieto. Piedras Negras, Agosto 6 de 1877. FIN DEL TOMO TERCERO Y ULTIMO
- 35. INDICE Páginas. Nueva-York.—(Continuacion) 3 I. —City Hall.—Plaza de Franklin.—Los periódicos.— Una cana al aire.—El gran Mercado.—Una dedicatoria á mis comadres.—Grozeries.—Los trastos.—Las carnicerías.—Puestos.—Juguetes.— Cuanto Dios crió.—Los pollos colgados.—Un purgante.—Hermosas vistas.—Revalufia del mundo.—La mar.... Una mexicana como una flor. 5 II. —La gran tienda de Stward en Broadway.—Lord y Taylor. —Ropa hecha.—Ropa-vejeros.—El cementerio de Greenwood.—Un romance. 21 III. —Adioses de mis amigos.—La bahía.—La estatua de la Libertad.—Jersey.—Adios.—Fábrica de pianos de Stenway.—La maquinaria.—Varias manipulaciones. —Reflexiones sobre el pueblo americano.—La parte baja de la ciudad.—La Tesorería.—La Aduana. —Observaciones sobre la tarifa americana.—Cifras de las importaciones y exportaciones.—Otra vez el inglés.—El castellano viejo. 41
- 36. IV. —Instruccion pública.—Broad de Educacion.— Asistencia de niños.—Lecciones sobre las cosas.— Informe. —Carácter de la instruccion pública.— Carreras especiales.—Escuela normal.— Publicaciones y objetos de instruccion para los niños.—Educacion de la mujer. 65 V. —Despacho de la Aduana.—Poblic Store Delivery Office.—Puerta de salida.—M. Clark.—M. Grogan.— Depósitos del agua.—Division en secciones para el despacho.—Vigilancia.—Luck up. —Reflexiones. 73 VI. —El 4 de Julio.—La calle de Green.—Borrachines. —Bassement.—Bar-room.—Francisco.—Museum. —Carnicería humana.—Profanacion de nuestros héroes. —Washington en ridículo.—Hotel Windsor. —Su riqueza.—Diversas oficinas.—Dependientes. —Lavandería.—Relojes de vigilancia.—Renta. — Nombres y consumos de los principales hoteles. 81 VII. —Beneficencia.—Hospital aleman.—Bellevue. — Blackwell.—Otros establecimientos.—Asilo de ciegos.—Particularidades.—El humbug.—Humbug político.—Oradores.—Farsas políticas. — Prestidigitacion. 97 VIII. —Establecimiento tipográfico y librería.—Appleton. —Librería.—Varias oficinas.—Mr. Veillet. — Periódicos.—Su carácter.—El Reporter.—Periódicos notables. 127 IX. —Castle Garden.—Su historia.—Su estado actual. —Colonizacion.—Inmigracion.—Fonda y nevería de Bigot.—Otra vez la colonizacion.—Venta de tierras. —El Ministro Shurtz.—Instrucciones.—D. Andrés Aznar.—New-York del lado del Este.—Bancos. — Sociedades de seguros.—Woll Street.— Operaciones de Banco.—Clearing-house.—Cajas de ahorros. —Edificios de la Aduana.—La Tesorería. 137
- 37. X. —Casa de Hallen.—Zapatos para caballos.— Máquina pulverizadora.—Molino de viento aplicado al riego. —Recuerdos.—Los cepillos de dientes.— Los wagones.—Reloj inspector.—Mi tertulia.—Los criados. 153 XI. —Pick-nick marino.—Rockway.—Los muelles.—El vapor "Plimouth."—Paisajes.—Bañadores.—Pavilion Baths. —Cantina.—Museo.—Fonda.—Los baños.— Modorra. —Un romance.—Regreso.—Las tumbas.— Laberinto. —Asco y degradacion.—Una cita de poetas.—Jacinto Gutierrez.—Perez Bonald.—El café Delmónico. —Lectura de mis versos. 165 XII. —Mataderos de reses.—Su descripcion.—El verdugo de los toros.—Un cambio de frente.—El Dr. Agramonte. —El Lic. Agramonte.—El Puente de Harlem. —Alrededores y descripcion del puente.— Medicinas de patente.—Estudios médicos.— Hospital de mujeres.—Visita á varios departamentos.—Consultas y beneficencia.—La señorita Jhonson. 185 XIII. —Mi tertulia.—Charla benéfica.—Iglesias Bautistas. —Casamientos.—Entierro.—Pick-nick. —"Reception." —La Policía.—Las comisarías.— Penitenciaría. —Blakwell's.—Barbaridades.— Huelgas de obreros. —Matanzas y horrores.—Un "meeting."—Mi viaje. —Mi tertulia.—Otra vez los huelguistas. —Reflexiones sobre los obreros. 201 XIV. —Geo Shiels.—Apothecary Broadway 896.— Apuntaciones sobre nuestros artículos de exportacion.—Un convite.—Poesía á Jacinto Gutierrez y Coll. 221 XV. —Bellas artes.—Literatura. 237 XVI. —Inquietud.—Noticias de las huelgas.—El 26 de Julio. —Decision de marcha.—Mi rumbo.—Gomez 267
- 38. del Palacio.—Su traduccion del Tasso.—El Hotel San Julien.—Historia de una monja.—Un polluelo de bromita. XVII. —Comida en casa de Bachiller.—Noche.—Panadería de Viena.—Romero Rubio.—Mariscal.—Juan José Baz. —Escuela de sordo-mudos.—Express.— Comercio. —Lluvia.—Salida de Nueva-York. 293 FRENTON.—FILADELFIA.—BALTIMORE. XVIII. —Frenton.—Filadelfia.—Baltimore.—Llegada á Washington. 327 Paréntesis. 351 WASHINGTON. XIX. —Washington. 389 XX. —Mont Vernount.—Carta de Palma.—Carta de Fagoaga. —Richmond.—Excentricidades de yankee.—Catanogua. —Memphis.—El Paso del Mississippí.—Un mexicano. —Historia de lágrimas. —Llegada á Texas. 405 TEXAS. XXI. —Texas.—Recuerdos históricos.—Aspecto de las llanuras de Texas.—Gérmenes de pueblos.— Algodon, cebada, maíz.—Manzanas.—Grande estacion. —Minger-Hotel.—S. G. Benavides. 461 XXII. —Recuerdos.—Instalacion.—Paseo matutino.— Antiguos conocidos.—Suvervielle.—M. Poinsart.—El Dr. Cupples.—Comida en su casa.—María. 473 XXIII. —Visita al general Ord.—Su familia.—Paseo vespertino.—Encuentro con M. Rève.—El álbum de 493
- 39. M. Rève.—El Sr. Leal.—En el campo.—Adioses.—El Dr. Cupples.—Otra tertulia. XXIV. —De San Antonio á Eagle Pass (Paso del Aguila). —Castroville.—Orvalde.—Blaskville.—Fort Clark. — Paso del Aguila.—Noche.—La patria. 521
- 41. PLANILLA PARA LA COLOCACION DE LAS LAMINAS EN LOS TRES TOMOS. Páginas. TOMO PRIMERO. Retrato del autor (Portada) 1 Puerto del Manzanillo 4 San Francisco 40 Calle de Kearny 44 Palace Hotel 67 Tipos Chinos 93 Clife-house 130 Vista del jardin de Woodward 133 Los wagones de la calle de Clay 405 Templo chino 425 Interior de un carro-palacio en el interior del Pacífico 505
- 42. Vistas de las Sierras en el ferrocarril central del Pacífico 538 TOMO SEGUNDO. Calle del Canal (Nueva-Orleans) 9 Catedral francesa y plaza de Jakson (Nueva-Orleans) 38 Correo y Aduana (Nueva-Orleans) 48 Hotel de San Cárlos (Nueva-Orleans) 51 Gran fuente de Cincinatti 270 El Niágara 305 El Niágara (vista del puente) 309 Nuevo capitolio de Albany 330 Broadway 351 Casa del Ayuntamiento 360 El Parque Central 478 Luis Felipe Mantilla 550 TOMO TERCERO. Vista N. del Cementerio de Grenwood 26 El Capitolio de Washington 391 Cámara de diputados 395 La casa del Presidente 399 Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores 400 Templo católico mexicano de San Antonio 475
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