Module 3: Addressing GBV in emergencies
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The document discusses guidelines for addressing gender-based violence (GBV) in humanitarian emergencies. It explains that GBV can be pre-existing, emerge due to the emergency itself, or be caused or exacerbated by the humanitarian response. Factors like lack of privacy, separation from family, and new power dynamics can increase GBV risks in emergencies. At-risk groups like children, women, disabled people, and religious or ethnic minorities require special protections. The document also discusses the links between GBV and sexual exploitation and abuse by humanitarian workers, noting they should be addressed together through prevention, coordination of services, and community complaints mechanisms.
Module 3: Addressing GBV in emergencies
- 1. Guidelines for Integrating Gender- based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action MODULE 3: Addressing GBV in emergencies
- 2. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action Activity: GBV Risks Across the Stages of an Emergency
- 3. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action Why Does GBViE Occur? • Pre-existing - exists independent of, or prior to emergency or conflict • *Emergency-related - specific to/resulting from the disaster or conflict • *Humanitarian-related - caused directly or indirectly by humanitarian environment
- 4. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action Why is GBV exacerbated in emergencies? • New threats/forms of GBV related to conflict • Lack of privacy; overcrowding; lack of safe access to basic needs • Design of humanitarian aid heightens or introduces new GBV risks • Separation from family members; lack of documentation; registration discrimination • Break down of protective social mechanisms and norms regulating behaviour • Increased vulnerability and dependence; exploitation • Introduction of new power dynamics, as with humanitarian actors
- 5. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action At-Risk Groups • In an emergency there are groups that may be more vulnerable to harm than others • These vulnerabilities may intersect • What are some groups that are at particular risk of GBV where you work?
- 6. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action Activity: At-Risk Groups
- 7. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action Considerations for At-Risk Groups • Protect the rights and needs of at-risk children • Identify vulnerabilities – such as age, disability, religion – that intersect with gender-based discrimination and increase exposure to GBV • Strive to reduce at-risk groups exposure to GBV and other forms of violence • Recognize that at-risk groups may vary by setting What are some examples of how you reduce risk of violence for at-risk groups?
- 8. Key Points - context • GBV is rooted in gender and power inequalities that exist outside of conflict or disaster. • However, there are particular ways that GBV can manifest in an emergency context. • Efforts to reduce GBV in emergencies must therefore address the immediate needs of affected populations AND promote long-term social and cultural change toward gender equality
- 9. Reducing the burden of proof • Always assume that GBV, in particular sexual violence, is occurring. • Obtaining prevalence data is not a priority at the onset of an emergency. • Because of under-reporting and the risks associated with obtaining data, the priority is to establish prevention and response measures as soon as possible.
- 10. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action GBV and (P)SEA: • (Protection) Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) is an abuse of power frequently based in gender and age inequality and discrimination • The SG’s Bulletin requires that all humanitarian personnel ensure action is taken to prevent SEA in their areas of operation, and report it when they observe any risks or abusive behavior. • Protection from SEA should be linked with GBV programming, especially to ensure survivors’ rights are respected; improve victim assistance and develop community-based complaints mechanisms (CBCMs). SEA agency focal points should link with GBV actors to develop referral systems that support survivor-centered care and development of CBCMs.
- 11. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action GBV and (P)SEA (cont’d): • Ultimate accountability for PSEA lies with senior management (Country Representatives) and human resources (Heads of HR Departments) • The GBV Guidelines fully support the mandate of the SG’s Bulletin and provide recommendations within each thematic area on programming to mitigate SEA, including incorporating PSEA strategies into agency policies and community outreach
- 12. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action “I always hear you talk about GBV prevention & response. What does that mean? …and what on earth is risk mitigation?”
- 13. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action RESPONSE • What: interventions to address the consequences of GBV after it has happened • How: through specialized services • Examples? • Who: GBV, Health and Protection specialists, who have had appropriate training PREVENTION • What: interventions to prevent GBV from first occurring • How: address root causes Examples? • Who: ALL humanitarian actors, governments, communities….every one! MITIGATION • What: reducing the risk of exposure to GBV • How: address contributing factors Examples? • Who: ALL humanitarian actors, governments, communities, everyone!
- 14. Guidelines for Integrating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action SPECIALIZED PROGRAMMING: specialists • Direct service delivery • Case management • Psychosocial support • Clinical care • Legal support • Economic reintegration GBV “MAINSTREAMING”: all actors • Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of GBV • Reducing existing risks • Understanding and linking to referral mechanisms for GBV survivors • Applying core minimum standards into agency activities
- 15. Guidelines for Integrating Gender- based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Action Questions?