Module 3: Radio Protocol
- 2. • In this module, we will explore basic troubleshooting techniques. Although some things may seem elementary, it is useful to review so you are more prepared when you are in a stressful situation.
- 5. This module will not make you a technical expert on two-way radio repairs, but it will provide general tips you may use to correct user-created errors. We also will cover basic corrective actions you can take in the field. If the suggested action fails to correct the problem, you at least have more information to provide to the technical experts who will repair the radio for you. If you are unable to correct the problem on your own, it’s important to quickly replace the radio and get the malfunctioning unit repaired.
- 7. Here are some general problem areas with radios. The only real difference between portable and mobile radios is that power issues on portable radios may stem from battery problems. Transmission, audio quality, talk range and receiving errors are similar between portable and mobile radios and will be covered together through the rest of this module. Also, remember that not all agencies in North Dakota use the same radios. For more specific troubleshooting tips, consult the user guide for your particular model.
- 9. Like cell phones, portable radios will provide some indication that battery power is running low. An audible tone, an icon on the display or both will alert you when it is time to change the batteries or recharge your unit. If nothing suggests a problem with the power level of the battery, check to ensure that the battery is mounted properly and that the connections on the battery and radio are in good condition.
- 11. If the battery no longer has adequate power, the speaker on your unit may continue to function, but you will be unable to send messages. When your battery is no longer charged, you may either replace it or recharge the unit. Be sure to drain the battery all the way down before charging. Extremely cold or hot temperatures will decrease the battery life and require that you recharge or replace batteries more often. Also, the contacts on the radio or charger may require cleaning. Moisture or other corrosive elements may prevent the radio from receiving the battery’s power. At times, problems with the charging pin may lead to battery problems. Make sure pins are not missing or damaged.
- 13. Unlike portable radios, mobile units do not use batteries as a power source. Most units do not need to be turned off when the vehicle is not on because their power is connected to the vehicle, like mobile cell phone chargers. However, some users may turn off the radio as a habit. If the display is blank or no audio is heard, first check to see if the unit is turned on. If there is still no response, attempt to see if the connections to the vehicle are secure and correct.
- 15. Trainers: The transmission indicator light words and photo automatically fade in on this slide. At times, you may feel as if you are talking to yourself. Not pressing the PTT button obviously prevents the transmission of your message to the receiver. If the PTT is pressed but no one still seems to be home, verify your frequency and code settings. Incorrect settings will not transmit your signal to its proper destination. If all else fails, make sure the transmission indicator is functioning properly. This may be shown on the display or as a light somewhere on the unit when the PTT is depressed.
- 17. Due to the very nature of radio communication being used, audio problems present a huge challenge. Under stressful situations, the obvious may elude you. Make sure the volume is set to a midrange level. The knob or button may have been bumped and changed the volume. When transmitting, those receiving your signal may not be able to understand your message if the microphone is held too close or too far from your face. Be careful not to “eat” the microphone. Hold the mic next to your cheek like a cell phone rather than directly under your nose. Be sure to hold the PTT button for 2 seconds before you speak into the microphone and do not release the PTT button for 2 seconds after you have finished speaking. Buildings, heavy foliage, steel or cement structures, and the like also may cause a decrease in audio quality. Find an open area that will not disrupt the signal.
- 19. Those same physical obstacles also will reduce the range of the radio signal. Changing location may correct this problem.
- 21. The range also may be limited if the unit is held too close to the body. Holding the unit 2 inches from the side of the mouth may eliminate this problem. At times, the antenna may come loose or be attached incorrectly. Securing the antenna properly will allow the antenna to function at its full capacity. The antenna should be placed vertically for optimal range.
- 23. Not receiving the message is different than transmission problems, although the causes may be the same. Remember that radios work differently in different places, depending upon topography, building structure and other issues, for both transmitting and receiving.
- 25. As first responders, your first priority is to serve your community. A functioning two- way radio is critical to your effectiveness in fulfilling that duty. When communication with others is compromised, it is important that you have the knowledge to apply “first aid” to your radio unit. This module has provided you with general information that will assist you in troubleshooting and correcting basic radio errors. For more information on your particular unit, consult your product manual.