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Module-11.pdf

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After World War II, several nonstate institutions were established to address humanitarian issues and crises that states were facing. This led to the establishment of organizations like the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to assist crisis victims. Nonstate institutions include banks and corporations, cooperatives and trade unions, transnational advocacy groups, and development agencies and international organizations. These nonstate institutions function with minimal intervention from state institutions and are equally capable of influencing policy formation and implementation.

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NONSTATE INSTITUTIONS Module 11 G I A N E K A Y E P A R O T M A R Y J U N N E T T E A N D A L E P A U L L I N E J O Y C E H I N O G U I N
AT THE END OF THIS MODULE, I CAN 1. Differentiate the functions of nonstate institutions in society 2. Evaluate the impact of interventions of nonstate insitutions in the process of governance of the state.
B Y T H E E N D O F W O R L D W A R I I , V A R I O U S H U M A N I T A R I A N I S S U E S A N D C R I S E S T O O K P L A C E . H E N C E , S E V E R A L I N I T I A T I V E S W E R E U N D E R T A K E N B Y D I F F E R E N T O R G A N I Z A T I O N S T O A D D R E S S T R A N S N A T I O N A L A N D L O C A L I S S U E S T H A T S T A T E S W E R E F A C E D W I T H . T H I S S A W T H E E S T A B L I S H M E N T O F T H E U N I T E D N A T I O N S H I G H C O M M I S S I O N E R F O R R E F U G E E S ( U N H C R ) , W H I C H I S M A N D A T E D T O B E O F A S S I S T A N C E T O C R I S I S V I C T I M S ( E V A N S , 2 0 0 8 ) . S o c i e t y c o n s i s t s o f s o c i a l s t r u c t u r e s a n d s o c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s t h a t a r e g o v e r n e d b y n o r m s a n d v a l u e s . E a c h i n d i v i d u a l i n a s o c i e t y a s s p e c i f i c r o l e s a n d f u n c t i o n s t h a t a r e m e a n t t o a c h i e v e s o c i e t a l e q u i l i b r i u m . T h e p r a c t i c e o f h u m a n r i g h t s i n c o n s i d e r e d a p r i v i l e g e o f e v e r y i n d i v i d u a l i n h u m a n s o c i e t y , a n d i s i d e a l l y a n d b e l i e v e d t o b e d i s t r i b u t e d e q u a l l y . I n 2 0 0 8 , t h e U n i v e r s a l D e c l a r a t i o n o f H u m a n r i g h t s m a r k e d i t s 6 o t h a n n i v e r s a r y , c e l e b r a t i n g t h e f u n d a m e n t a l r i g h t s a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e o f h u m a n s o c i e t y .
W E B E R D E F I N E S S T A T E A S - ” A H U M A N C O M M U N I T Y T H A T C L A I M S T H E M O N O P O L Y O F T H E L E G I T I M A T E U S E O F P H Y S I C A L F O R C E W I T H I N A G I V E N T E R R I T O R Y ” T h e c r e a t i o n o f s t a t e a n d n o n s t a t e i n s t i t u t i o n s b e c a m e m o r e r e l e v a n t i n t h e a d v e n t o f g l o b a l i z a t i o n a n d u r b a n i z a t i o n , a s t h e s e t w o i n s t i t u t i o n s p r e s e n t e d t h e c a p a c i t y t o c r e a t e d i v e r s e i m p a c t r a n g i n g f r o m t h e s o c i a l , c u l t u r a l = , e c o n o m i c a n d u p t o t h e p o l i t i c a l .
A L T H O U G H S T A T E S P O S S E S S T H E O F F I C I A L P O L I T I C A L P O W E R I N A G I V E N T E R R I T O R Y , T H E C A P A C I T Y O F N O N S T A T E I N S T I T U T I O N S T O A F F E C T T H E P O L I T I C A L A N D E C O N O M I C T R A J E C T O R Y O F A S O C I E T Y C A N N O T B E D I S C O U N T E D . S E R E N I T Y B L O O M S . C O M - A R E I N S T I T U T I O N S N O T R E L A T E D T O T H E C O M P O N E N T S O F T H E S T A T E . - T H E S E I N S T I T U T I O N S F U N C T I O N W I T H M I N I M A L I N T E R V E N T I O N F R O M T H E S T A T E I N S T I T U T I O N S . Nonstate institutions
N O N S T A T E I N S T I T U T I O N S I N C L U D E T H E F F : T H E S E N O N S T A T E I N T I T U T I O N S A R E E Q U A L L Y C A P A B L E O F I N F L U E N C I N G P O L I C Y F O R M A T I O N A N D I M P L E M E N T A T I O N . - B A N K S A N D C O R P O R A T I O N S , - C O O P E R A T I V E S A N D T R A D E U N I O N S , - T R A N S N A T I O N A L A D V O C A C Y G R O U P S , - A N D D E V E L O P M E N T A G E N C I E S A N D I N T E R N A T I O N A L O R G A N I Z A T I O N S .
Financial institutions aid people in terms of money and investments. In these institutions, everything is associate, related, and linked to money and financial transactions. Financial institutions may be categorized into 5 major forms. BANKS AND CORPORATIONS
KINDS OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
- Financial deposit with security and convenience which could be in the form of credit card, debit card and check. - Provide business, individual, and personal loans, enabling commercial banks to earn interest - Serve as payment agents within the outside the country through wire transfer - Subjected to more regulations 1. COMMERCIAL BANKS - Financial intermediaries that perform a variety of services for businesses and some governments - Issue securities to the investing public - Make markets, facilitate mergers, and other corporate reorganizations - Act as a broker for institutional clients - Under the supervision of regulatory bodies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission. FINRA. and the US Treasury - Subjected to fewer regulations 2. INVESTMENT BANKS - Aid individuals and companies in terms of risk management and wealth preservation - Capable of earning profit and paying claims, through their large number of insurances 3. INSURANCE AND COMPANIES
4. BROKERAGES - Intermediaries in the transaction between buyers and sellers for the purpose of security - Commission-based earnings 5. INVESTMENT COMPANIES OR CORPORATIONS - Help individuals invest funds or money with other investors to manage portfolios of security - Purchase securities indirectly through a package product such as mutual fund
In general, financial institutions cater to people and firms, possibly generating a significant impact to society. The Two most well-known financial institutions that are actively shaping the socioeconomic development of the Philippines are the World band and the Asian Development Bank.
COOPERATIVE AND TRADE UNIONS - Have the primary role of promoting labor welfare and good industrial relations. - These are organizations comprising workers and laborers with common goals, purposes and interest - They mostly concern relations, decency and welfare.
ROLES OF TRADE UNIONS
1. Political - Can be powerful and influential in creating political impact - Can be in conflict with other parties due to large number of members with common interests that are different from other union's interest 2. Market - Reactive because of preoccupied economic aims that concern employment salaries, wages, and inflation rates and rights (macro and micro economic policies) 3. Regulatory - Influential in determining and improving job qualities and standards to regulate employment functions
4. Democratizing Promote rights to economic democracy and participation to industrial democracy 5. Service Promote the welfare of members through various initiatives and partnerships with different organizations that provide service to them 6. Enhancement Concerned for potential development and member’s improvement 7. Welfare Multifunctional institutions, conforming more to the idea of the trade unions as being part of a movement
TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACYGROUPS Societal issues and problems are not concentrated in a certain society or within a specific area only. It may also be extended across borders and countries. Most of these issues have something to do with international policies that are not responsive to contemporary issues. Kekk and Sikkink (1998) argue that international law- making undergoes changes and have been more concerned of public issues. 'These changes were brought about by the rapid growth of transnational advocacy networks that constantly influence the policy-making in a country by tailoring advocacy campaigns publicizing social issues.
The very essence of transnational groups is the Imitation and development of their advocacies and campaigns that represent certain principled causes, ideas, values, and beliefs. TAGs serve as international catalysts for change, aiming to achieve international changes toward policies and practices. An example of a TAG is Green Peace, which is popular Corns members' active and alternative engagement of the public and concerned agencies in relation to environmental issues.
DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES - Organizations with specific aims and goals - Common denominator among these organizations: Development - Concentrate on the growth, progressions, and advancement of specific societal concerns which can be infrastructure or social institutions
THAT ARE CONSIDERED AS DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES T W O M A J O R T Y P E S O F O R G A N I Z A T I O N S 1. International Organizations 2. Nongovernment Organizations
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS - “one of the important roles of international organizations is to translate agreed-upon values intro rights and obligations”, Coppee (2011) - Central role: to provide support and assistance through organized framework to international corporation - Concentrate mostly on the distribution of equitable and social development - Have diverse networks that enable them to provide and exchange support across diff. borders
EXAMPLE U N I T E D N A T I O N S ( U N ) - It aims to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character - Improving and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedom for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion
E X A M P L E S B Y C O P P E E ( 2 0 1 1 ) : • United Nations • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) • Organization of African Unity (OAU) • Organization of American States (OAS) • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) • European Union (EU) • Southern Market/ Mercado Comun del Sur (MERCOSUR) • Caribbean Community (CARICOM) • European Free Trade Association (EFTA) • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
NONGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) -characterized by their intensive collaboration with local stake holders to improve their benefeciaries’ conditions - “non-profit, often voluntary, organizations that carry a broad range of social development functions with and on behalf of people”, Este (1992) -majority exists outside of govt and thus, their programs emanate more from the expressed needs of people rather than from govts -aim to promote the practice of democracy among societies, and social change -independent, encourage participation from the public -sometimes seek sponsorship from some other institutions and organizations to fund their projects & programs
Class Categorizations of NGOs by The World Bank (1989)
INTERRELATIONSHIP OF GOVERNMENT AND NONSTATE INSTITUTIONS
HOW DOES THE GOVERNMENT RELATE TO NONSTATE INSTITUTIONS? GOVERNMENTS ARE FACED WITH VARYING DEMANDS FROM ITS CONSTITUTIONS. WHEN THE GOVERNMENTS ARE UNABLE TO ADDRESS SUCH DEMANDS AND THEIR RELATED ISSUES, NONSTATE INSTITUTIONS CREATE RESPONSES TO FACILITATE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION THROUGH POLICY CAMPAIGNS OR EVEN ACTUAL DELIVERY OF DEMANDED SERVICES AND PRODUCTS. (STRATTON, 2008) IF NONSTATE INSTITUTIONS INTERFERE WITH THE GOVERNING BODY, TWO POSSIBLE THINGS CAN HAPPEN. -FIRST, INTEGRATION AMOING THESE TWO INSTITUTIONS MAY TAKE PLACE TO ACHIEVE PRECIDE SOLUTION TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT SECOND, CONFLICT AND TENSION MAY ALSO ARISE BECAUSE ONE COULD EXCEED IN TERMS OF SOCIETAL CONTROL AND INFLUENCES NONSTATE INSTITUTIONS OFTEN BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN THE STATE AND ITS CITIZEN THROUGH ACTIVE PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT.
E C O N O M I C A L L I A N C E aims to promote economic improvement, and resolve issues concerning closed economies Main objective: To produce economic policies that lead to economic diversity and growth
ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC) - Citizens of participating countries are expected to have easier employment access within the region - To promote economic stability and sustainability in their region - Transfer of commodities will also be made cheaper
NATIONAL SECURITY - “A STATE OR CONDITION WHERE OUR MOST CHERISHED VALUES AND BELIEFS, OUR DEMOCRATIC WAY OF LIFE, OUR INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNANCE AND OUR UNITY, WELFARE AND WELL-BEING AS A NATION AND PEOPLE ARE PERMANENTLY PROTECTED AND CONTINUOUSLY ENHANCED”-DLSU, 2011
Elements of national security
Regardless of social differences, societal harmony must be achieved and maintained through the effort of the government, public, and other institutions. Sociopolitical stability 1
- Permanent inviolability of our national territory and its effective control by the government and the state - Protection from illegal incursions and resource exploitation must be maintained. Territorial integrity 2
- Economic equality must prevail considering the public interest, dignity, and labor’s welfare. Economic solidarity and strength 3
Conservation of the environment through initiatives and sustainable development. Ecological balance 4
Common set of norms and values rooted from cultural ethics. Cultural cohesiveness 5
There should be national cooperation guided by common deeds, goals, and objectives. Moral-spiritual consensus 6
Society must be free from threat, violence, war, and hostility. External peace 7
Example: The maritime dispute between China and the Philippines over the Panatag shoal (Scarborough shoal) and the Spratlys has been the cause of threat of the national security to the both countries. With the growing political clout of several countries, the concept of an all-sovereign state becomes threatened. This poses risks on the maintenance of national security.
D I S A S T E R M I T I G A T I O N A N D R I S K R E D U C T I O N DM
D I S A S T E R R E S P O N S E C L I M A T E C H A N G E U N I T E D N A T I O N S O F F I C E F O R D I S A S T E R R I S K R E D U C T I O N ( U N I S D R one of the areas where nonstate institutions are actively involved in. an observed increase in weather variability that has caused climate-induced disasters in human population. “there is no such thing as a ‘natural’ disaster, only natural hazards.”
Module-11.pdf
According to the graph, the main cause of disaster is the combination of hazard and vulnerability. Hazards may be caused by natural phenomena or by humans. Society and its environment are vulnerable to these kinds of incidents. The preparations and planning must be led by the governing body, and they must be followed by the society under it, making other institutions react also to the given situations.
D I S A S T E R R I S K R E D U C T I O N A N D M A N A G E M E N T ( D R R M ) is a step-by-step process that considers several elements.
Module-11.pdf
D R R M P R O T O C O L ( K E Y E L E M E N T S ) DP S T E P 1 : I D E N T I F I C A T I O N O R A S S E S S M E N T O F R I S K S -Involves monitoring, identifying risk, and analyzing vulnerability S T E P 2 : P R E V E N T I O N A N D M I T I G A T I O N P R O C E S S -management will set up plans and actions toward these risks and disasters S T E P 3 : W A R N I N G A N D N O T I C E A R E P R O V I D E D T O T H E P U B L I C - Includes evacuation and emergency planning STEP 4: ADAPTATION OR RECOVERY - Wherein rehabilitation, reconstruction, and rescue services happen
I d e a l l y , t h e f i r s t r e s p o n d e r s t o a d i s a s t e r a r e t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s r e l a t e d t o t h e g o v e r n m e n t . H o w e v e r , i n s i t u a t i o n s w h e r e l o g i s t i c a l s u p p o r t i s l a c k i n g , n o n s t a t e i n s t i t u t i o n s o f t e n b e c o m e s t h e f i r s t r e s p o n d e r s i n a r e a s d e v a s t a t e d b y d i s a s t e r s .
Social Development - Is one of the goals of the society - Any society that undergoes social development is expected to move upward or attain progress - Entails productivity, better efficiency, accomplishment, and innovations (Cleveland and Jacobs 1999) - Is a long process that requires proper stragic planning (Long term) and operational planning (short term). - It is not possible without the union of public, government and other institutions including nonstate institutions that perform a great role not only in social development but also in terms of social empowerment
The pursuit of public health equity, or equal access to health systems – is one of the primary foci of international organizations such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and World Health Organization (WHO).
H U M A N R I G H T S A N D S O C I A L J U S T I C E – I S T H E F O C U S O F O R G A N I Z A T I O N S S U C H A S T H E A M N E S T Y I N T E R N A T I O N A L , S A V E T H E C H I L D R E N , A N D I N T E R N A T I O N A L J U S T I C E M I S S I O N . A L L O F T H E S E E X A M P L E S H I G H L I G H T T H E C L A M O R F O R S O C I A L D E V E L O P M E N T .
On one hand, the government continues to search for different ways to achieve social development. On the other hand, nonstate institutions also participate in promoting social development through their various initiatives and advocacies relating to social welfare.
THANK YOU! T H E E N D

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Module-11.pdf

  • 1. NONSTATE INSTITUTIONS Module 11 G I A N E K A Y E P A R O T M A R Y J U N N E T T E A N D A L E P A U L L I N E J O Y C E H I N O G U I N
  • 2. AT THE END OF THIS MODULE, I CAN 1. Differentiate the functions of nonstate institutions in society 2. Evaluate the impact of interventions of nonstate insitutions in the process of governance of the state.
  • 3. B Y T H E E N D O F W O R L D W A R I I , V A R I O U S H U M A N I T A R I A N I S S U E S A N D C R I S E S T O O K P L A C E . H E N C E , S E V E R A L I N I T I A T I V E S W E R E U N D E R T A K E N B Y D I F F E R E N T O R G A N I Z A T I O N S T O A D D R E S S T R A N S N A T I O N A L A N D L O C A L I S S U E S T H A T S T A T E S W E R E F A C E D W I T H . T H I S S A W T H E E S T A B L I S H M E N T O F T H E U N I T E D N A T I O N S H I G H C O M M I S S I O N E R F O R R E F U G E E S ( U N H C R ) , W H I C H I S M A N D A T E D T O B E O F A S S I S T A N C E T O C R I S I S V I C T I M S ( E V A N S , 2 0 0 8 ) . S o c i e t y c o n s i s t s o f s o c i a l s t r u c t u r e s a n d s o c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s t h a t a r e g o v e r n e d b y n o r m s a n d v a l u e s . E a c h i n d i v i d u a l i n a s o c i e t y a s s p e c i f i c r o l e s a n d f u n c t i o n s t h a t a r e m e a n t t o a c h i e v e s o c i e t a l e q u i l i b r i u m . T h e p r a c t i c e o f h u m a n r i g h t s i n c o n s i d e r e d a p r i v i l e g e o f e v e r y i n d i v i d u a l i n h u m a n s o c i e t y , a n d i s i d e a l l y a n d b e l i e v e d t o b e d i s t r i b u t e d e q u a l l y . I n 2 0 0 8 , t h e U n i v e r s a l D e c l a r a t i o n o f H u m a n r i g h t s m a r k e d i t s 6 o t h a n n i v e r s a r y , c e l e b r a t i n g t h e f u n d a m e n t a l r i g h t s a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e o f h u m a n s o c i e t y .
  • 4. W E B E R D E F I N E S S T A T E A S - ” A H U M A N C O M M U N I T Y T H A T C L A I M S T H E M O N O P O L Y O F T H E L E G I T I M A T E U S E O F P H Y S I C A L F O R C E W I T H I N A G I V E N T E R R I T O R Y ” T h e c r e a t i o n o f s t a t e a n d n o n s t a t e i n s t i t u t i o n s b e c a m e m o r e r e l e v a n t i n t h e a d v e n t o f g l o b a l i z a t i o n a n d u r b a n i z a t i o n , a s t h e s e t w o i n s t i t u t i o n s p r e s e n t e d t h e c a p a c i t y t o c r e a t e d i v e r s e i m p a c t r a n g i n g f r o m t h e s o c i a l , c u l t u r a l = , e c o n o m i c a n d u p t o t h e p o l i t i c a l .
  • 5. A L T H O U G H S T A T E S P O S S E S S T H E O F F I C I A L P O L I T I C A L P O W E R I N A G I V E N T E R R I T O R Y , T H E C A P A C I T Y O F N O N S T A T E I N S T I T U T I O N S T O A F F E C T T H E P O L I T I C A L A N D E C O N O M I C T R A J E C T O R Y O F A S O C I E T Y C A N N O T B E D I S C O U N T E D . S E R E N I T Y B L O O M S . C O M - A R E I N S T I T U T I O N S N O T R E L A T E D T O T H E C O M P O N E N T S O F T H E S T A T E . - T H E S E I N S T I T U T I O N S F U N C T I O N W I T H M I N I M A L I N T E R V E N T I O N F R O M T H E S T A T E I N S T I T U T I O N S . Nonstate institutions
  • 6. N O N S T A T E I N S T I T U T I O N S I N C L U D E T H E F F : T H E S E N O N S T A T E I N T I T U T I O N S A R E E Q U A L L Y C A P A B L E O F I N F L U E N C I N G P O L I C Y F O R M A T I O N A N D I M P L E M E N T A T I O N . - B A N K S A N D C O R P O R A T I O N S , - C O O P E R A T I V E S A N D T R A D E U N I O N S , - T R A N S N A T I O N A L A D V O C A C Y G R O U P S , - A N D D E V E L O P M E N T A G E N C I E S A N D I N T E R N A T I O N A L O R G A N I Z A T I O N S .
  • 7. Financial institutions aid people in terms of money and investments. In these institutions, everything is associate, related, and linked to money and financial transactions. Financial institutions may be categorized into 5 major forms. BANKS AND CORPORATIONS
  • 9. - Financial deposit with security and convenience which could be in the form of credit card, debit card and check. - Provide business, individual, and personal loans, enabling commercial banks to earn interest - Serve as payment agents within the outside the country through wire transfer - Subjected to more regulations 1. COMMERCIAL BANKS - Financial intermediaries that perform a variety of services for businesses and some governments - Issue securities to the investing public - Make markets, facilitate mergers, and other corporate reorganizations - Act as a broker for institutional clients - Under the supervision of regulatory bodies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission. FINRA. and the US Treasury - Subjected to fewer regulations 2. INVESTMENT BANKS - Aid individuals and companies in terms of risk management and wealth preservation - Capable of earning profit and paying claims, through their large number of insurances 3. INSURANCE AND COMPANIES
  • 10. 4. BROKERAGES - Intermediaries in the transaction between buyers and sellers for the purpose of security - Commission-based earnings 5. INVESTMENT COMPANIES OR CORPORATIONS - Help individuals invest funds or money with other investors to manage portfolios of security - Purchase securities indirectly through a package product such as mutual fund
  • 11. In general, financial institutions cater to people and firms, possibly generating a significant impact to society. The Two most well-known financial institutions that are actively shaping the socioeconomic development of the Philippines are the World band and the Asian Development Bank.
  • 12. COOPERATIVE AND TRADE UNIONS - Have the primary role of promoting labor welfare and good industrial relations. - These are organizations comprising workers and laborers with common goals, purposes and interest - They mostly concern relations, decency and welfare.
  • 14. 1. Political - Can be powerful and influential in creating political impact - Can be in conflict with other parties due to large number of members with common interests that are different from other union's interest 2. Market - Reactive because of preoccupied economic aims that concern employment salaries, wages, and inflation rates and rights (macro and micro economic policies) 3. Regulatory - Influential in determining and improving job qualities and standards to regulate employment functions
  • 15. 4. Democratizing Promote rights to economic democracy and participation to industrial democracy 5. Service Promote the welfare of members through various initiatives and partnerships with different organizations that provide service to them 6. Enhancement Concerned for potential development and member’s improvement 7. Welfare Multifunctional institutions, conforming more to the idea of the trade unions as being part of a movement
  • 16. TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACYGROUPS Societal issues and problems are not concentrated in a certain society or within a specific area only. It may also be extended across borders and countries. Most of these issues have something to do with international policies that are not responsive to contemporary issues. Kekk and Sikkink (1998) argue that international law- making undergoes changes and have been more concerned of public issues. 'These changes were brought about by the rapid growth of transnational advocacy networks that constantly influence the policy-making in a country by tailoring advocacy campaigns publicizing social issues.
  • 17. The very essence of transnational groups is the Imitation and development of their advocacies and campaigns that represent certain principled causes, ideas, values, and beliefs. TAGs serve as international catalysts for change, aiming to achieve international changes toward policies and practices. An example of a TAG is Green Peace, which is popular Corns members' active and alternative engagement of the public and concerned agencies in relation to environmental issues.
  • 18. DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES - Organizations with specific aims and goals - Common denominator among these organizations: Development - Concentrate on the growth, progressions, and advancement of specific societal concerns which can be infrastructure or social institutions
  • 19. THAT ARE CONSIDERED AS DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES T W O M A J O R T Y P E S O F O R G A N I Z A T I O N S 1. International Organizations 2. Nongovernment Organizations
  • 20. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS - “one of the important roles of international organizations is to translate agreed-upon values intro rights and obligations”, Coppee (2011) - Central role: to provide support and assistance through organized framework to international corporation - Concentrate mostly on the distribution of equitable and social development - Have diverse networks that enable them to provide and exchange support across diff. borders
  • 21. EXAMPLE U N I T E D N A T I O N S ( U N ) - It aims to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character - Improving and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedom for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion
  • 22. E X A M P L E S B Y C O P P E E ( 2 0 1 1 ) : • United Nations • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) • Organization of African Unity (OAU) • Organization of American States (OAS) • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) • European Union (EU) • Southern Market/ Mercado Comun del Sur (MERCOSUR) • Caribbean Community (CARICOM) • European Free Trade Association (EFTA) • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
  • 23. NONGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) -characterized by their intensive collaboration with local stake holders to improve their benefeciaries’ conditions - “non-profit, often voluntary, organizations that carry a broad range of social development functions with and on behalf of people”, Este (1992) -majority exists outside of govt and thus, their programs emanate more from the expressed needs of people rather than from govts -aim to promote the practice of democracy among societies, and social change -independent, encourage participation from the public -sometimes seek sponsorship from some other institutions and organizations to fund their projects & programs
  • 24. Class Categorizations of NGOs by The World Bank (1989)
  • 26. HOW DOES THE GOVERNMENT RELATE TO NONSTATE INSTITUTIONS? GOVERNMENTS ARE FACED WITH VARYING DEMANDS FROM ITS CONSTITUTIONS. WHEN THE GOVERNMENTS ARE UNABLE TO ADDRESS SUCH DEMANDS AND THEIR RELATED ISSUES, NONSTATE INSTITUTIONS CREATE RESPONSES TO FACILITATE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION THROUGH POLICY CAMPAIGNS OR EVEN ACTUAL DELIVERY OF DEMANDED SERVICES AND PRODUCTS. (STRATTON, 2008) IF NONSTATE INSTITUTIONS INTERFERE WITH THE GOVERNING BODY, TWO POSSIBLE THINGS CAN HAPPEN. -FIRST, INTEGRATION AMOING THESE TWO INSTITUTIONS MAY TAKE PLACE TO ACHIEVE PRECIDE SOLUTION TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT SECOND, CONFLICT AND TENSION MAY ALSO ARISE BECAUSE ONE COULD EXCEED IN TERMS OF SOCIETAL CONTROL AND INFLUENCES NONSTATE INSTITUTIONS OFTEN BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN THE STATE AND ITS CITIZEN THROUGH ACTIVE PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT.
  • 27. E C O N O M I C A L L I A N C E aims to promote economic improvement, and resolve issues concerning closed economies Main objective: To produce economic policies that lead to economic diversity and growth
  • 28. ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC) - Citizens of participating countries are expected to have easier employment access within the region - To promote economic stability and sustainability in their region - Transfer of commodities will also be made cheaper
  • 29. NATIONAL SECURITY - “A STATE OR CONDITION WHERE OUR MOST CHERISHED VALUES AND BELIEFS, OUR DEMOCRATIC WAY OF LIFE, OUR INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNANCE AND OUR UNITY, WELFARE AND WELL-BEING AS A NATION AND PEOPLE ARE PERMANENTLY PROTECTED AND CONTINUOUSLY ENHANCED”-DLSU, 2011
  • 31. Regardless of social differences, societal harmony must be achieved and maintained through the effort of the government, public, and other institutions. Sociopolitical stability 1
  • 32. - Permanent inviolability of our national territory and its effective control by the government and the state - Protection from illegal incursions and resource exploitation must be maintained. Territorial integrity 2
  • 33. - Economic equality must prevail considering the public interest, dignity, and labor’s welfare. Economic solidarity and strength 3
  • 34. Conservation of the environment through initiatives and sustainable development. Ecological balance 4
  • 35. Common set of norms and values rooted from cultural ethics. Cultural cohesiveness 5
  • 36. There should be national cooperation guided by common deeds, goals, and objectives. Moral-spiritual consensus 6
  • 37. Society must be free from threat, violence, war, and hostility. External peace 7
  • 38. Example: The maritime dispute between China and the Philippines over the Panatag shoal (Scarborough shoal) and the Spratlys has been the cause of threat of the national security to the both countries. With the growing political clout of several countries, the concept of an all-sovereign state becomes threatened. This poses risks on the maintenance of national security.
  • 39. D I S A S T E R M I T I G A T I O N A N D R I S K R E D U C T I O N DM
  • 40. D I S A S T E R R E S P O N S E C L I M A T E C H A N G E U N I T E D N A T I O N S O F F I C E F O R D I S A S T E R R I S K R E D U C T I O N ( U N I S D R one of the areas where nonstate institutions are actively involved in. an observed increase in weather variability that has caused climate-induced disasters in human population. “there is no such thing as a ‘natural’ disaster, only natural hazards.”
  • 42. According to the graph, the main cause of disaster is the combination of hazard and vulnerability. Hazards may be caused by natural phenomena or by humans. Society and its environment are vulnerable to these kinds of incidents. The preparations and planning must be led by the governing body, and they must be followed by the society under it, making other institutions react also to the given situations.
  • 43. D I S A S T E R R I S K R E D U C T I O N A N D M A N A G E M E N T ( D R R M ) is a step-by-step process that considers several elements.
  • 45. D R R M P R O T O C O L ( K E Y E L E M E N T S ) DP S T E P 1 : I D E N T I F I C A T I O N O R A S S E S S M E N T O F R I S K S -Involves monitoring, identifying risk, and analyzing vulnerability S T E P 2 : P R E V E N T I O N A N D M I T I G A T I O N P R O C E S S -management will set up plans and actions toward these risks and disasters S T E P 3 : W A R N I N G A N D N O T I C E A R E P R O V I D E D T O T H E P U B L I C - Includes evacuation and emergency planning STEP 4: ADAPTATION OR RECOVERY - Wherein rehabilitation, reconstruction, and rescue services happen
  • 46. I d e a l l y , t h e f i r s t r e s p o n d e r s t o a d i s a s t e r a r e t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s r e l a t e d t o t h e g o v e r n m e n t . H o w e v e r , i n s i t u a t i o n s w h e r e l o g i s t i c a l s u p p o r t i s l a c k i n g , n o n s t a t e i n s t i t u t i o n s o f t e n b e c o m e s t h e f i r s t r e s p o n d e r s i n a r e a s d e v a s t a t e d b y d i s a s t e r s .
  • 47. Social Development - Is one of the goals of the society - Any society that undergoes social development is expected to move upward or attain progress - Entails productivity, better efficiency, accomplishment, and innovations (Cleveland and Jacobs 1999) - Is a long process that requires proper stragic planning (Long term) and operational planning (short term). - It is not possible without the union of public, government and other institutions including nonstate institutions that perform a great role not only in social development but also in terms of social empowerment
  • 48. The pursuit of public health equity, or equal access to health systems – is one of the primary foci of international organizations such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and World Health Organization (WHO).
  • 49. H U M A N R I G H T S A N D S O C I A L J U S T I C E – I S T H E F O C U S O F O R G A N I Z A T I O N S S U C H A S T H E A M N E S T Y I N T E R N A T I O N A L , S A V E T H E C H I L D R E N , A N D I N T E R N A T I O N A L J U S T I C E M I S S I O N . A L L O F T H E S E E X A M P L E S H I G H L I G H T T H E C L A M O R F O R S O C I A L D E V E L O P M E N T .
  • 50. On one hand, the government continues to search for different ways to achieve social development. On the other hand, nonstate institutions also participate in promoting social development through their various initiatives and advocacies relating to social welfare.
  • 51. THANK YOU! T H E E N D