Molecular marker and application
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The document provides an overview of genetic markers, defining them as gene or DNA sequences with known locations on chromosomes linked to specific traits. It details the history and types of molecular markers, including non-PCR-based and PCR-based techniques, and highlights their desirable properties such as polymorphism and reproducibility. The conclusion emphasizes the ongoing search for single markers possessing all ideal features, particularly in relation to diseases like sickle cell anemia.
![History
The first DNA based genetic markers were the
restriction fragment length polymorphism{RFLP}
markers used by Botstein et al. [1980] .](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/applicationmarker-200507043722/85/Molecular-marker-and-application-4-320.jpg)
Molecular marker and application
- 1. By KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc) Department of Biotechnology Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )
- 2. Synopsis :- 1. Introduction {What is marker ?} 2. History 3. Types of marker Categories of molecular markers 4. Applications 5. Conclusion 6. References
- 3. Introduction A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome and associated with a particular gene or trait. It can be described as a variation, which may arise due to mutation or alteration in the genomic loci, that can be observed. Molecular marker is a DNA sequence which can be easily detected and readily monitored.
- 4. History The first DNA based genetic markers were the restriction fragment length polymorphism{RFLP} markers used by Botstein et al. [1980] .
- 5. Types of marker Morphological Marker Biochemical Marker Molecular Marker
- 6. Categories of molecular markers (1)Non- PCR- based approaches: Restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP). (2)PCR- based techniques: Random amplified polymorphic DNA{RAPD}, Amplified fragment length polymorphism{AFLP} (3) Targeted PCR and sequencing : Sequence targeted sites (STS).
- 7. Non- PCR- based approaches:
- 8. •Highly polymorphic nature • Co dominant inheritance (determination of homozygous and heterozygous states of diploid organisms) • Frequent occurrence in genome • Selective neutral behavior (the DNA sequences of any organism are neutral to environmental conditions or management practices) • Easy access (availability) • Easy and fast assay • High reproducibility • Easy exchange of data between laboratories. But unfortunately by this time , such types of single marker no found , which contain all these properties. Properties desirable for ideal DNA markers
- 11. VARIATION
- 12. References:- •H.S.Chawala Introduction to Plant Biotechnology - 2nd edition • B.D.Singh Biotechnology Expanding Horizon - 3rd edition •Internet :- www.kbiotech.com www.wikipedia.com {01-04-2014_6:00 pm}