The document discusses the monitor object pattern, which provides a thread-safe interface for shared objects. It allows multiple threads to safely access a shared passive object by encapsulating it within a monitor class that implements locking and notification. This prevents inconsistencies by allowing only one thread to access the shared object at a time. The pattern simplifies concurrency control and scheduling execution but can lead to complex extensibility issues and inheritance anomalies when the monitor object is tightly coupled. Examples provided are a thread-safe queue and connection pool.