Monitoring and analysis of a novel highway runoff
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This document summarizes a study on monitoring a novel highway runoff treatment system. Laboratory column tests showed that certain materials like BOF slag and goethite soil can remove over 30% of heavy metals from runoff. A field facility was set up to test these materials' performance on capturing and treating runoff. Preliminary field results showed the system could intercept over 260,000L of runoff and melt water from storms. Water quality monitoring of the underdrains is ongoing to assess pollutant removal rates under real-world conditions. Further testing is still needed to better understand the system's adsorption properties and ability to attenuate peak runoff flows.
Monitoring and analysis of a novel highway runoff
- 2. Outline Background Objectives Laboratory Testing Site Description Field Facility Preliminary Results Next Steps Acknowledgements 2
- 5. Highway Threat Assessment Between rain or melt events, pollutants tend to accumulate on road surfaces, including: Sediment Chromium Cadmium Copper Zinc Nickel Chlorides 5
- 6. Concentrations of these pollutants are a function of: Average annual daily traffic (AADT) Duration between wash off events (ADD) 6 Quality of the vehicles on the road Joo‐Hyon Kang et al., 2006
- 7. 7 5M tonnes of road salt applied annually in Canada (EC, 2007) 1.1M tonnes in Ontario alone (1998) Number is roughly double that in the U.S. Private contractors tend to apply salt at a density that is 4X greater than public agencies Application excess is in response to liability issues Total contribution remains unquantified
- 8. 8 4.3 x
- 9. Guidelines 9 The US EPA has set chronic and acute toxicity thresholds for chlorides which are 230 mg/L and 860 mg/L respectively (EPA, 1988) More recently, the CCME (2011) has introduced its own guidelines for chlorides in surface waters: Long-Term (Chronic) Exposure Short-Term (Acute) Exposure 120 mg Cl - /L 640 mg Cl - /L
- 10. Regulations 10 Aesthetic chloride ion concentration (taste) objectives for Ontario drinking water are 250 mg/L Cl‐ Exceedances of this have already been detected in urban wellfields in the Waterloo area (Bester et al., 2006)
- 11. Implications Chemically‐induced meromixis Death of aquatic organisms Groundwater concentrations of Cl‐ in excess of 1,600mg/L found in Pickering Greatly exceeds Ontario drinking water guidelines Exceeds 96h LC50 for some amphibians 11
- 13. Implications 13 Our research group has collected streamside chloride ion concentrations in excess of 5,700 mg/L in urban areas 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 12/2/2010 12/22/2010 1/11/2011 1/31/2011 2/20/2011 3/12/2011 Cl-Concentration(mg/L) Chloride Ion Concentration (Gordon Rd; Winter 2010-2011) Gordon Rd Objective
- 19. Sensor Calibration 19 (S1) y = 596.93x R² = 0.999 (S2) y = 607.13x R² = 0.999 (S3) y = 599.1x R² = 0.999 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 NaClConcentration(mg/L) SpecificConductivity (mS/cm) Conductivity Sensor Calibration S1 S2 S3 Linear(S1) Linear(S2) Linear(S3)
- 21. Valve Calibration 21 y = 1.3581x0.51 R² = 0.991 y = 0.6902x0.46 R² = 0.998 y = 0.2073x0.45 R² = 0.997 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Flow(L/s) HeadPressure(m) Ball Valve Rating Curves: Various Apertures (Multi-Stage) 132 Degress 145 Degrees 157 Degrees
- 23. Preliminary Results – Objective 1 The heavy metals removal results were satisfactory for a number of the evaluated materials: 23 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% BOF SLAG 30G IRON STOCKPILE 30G RED SAND 30G GOETHITE SOIL 30G RemovalEfficiency Sample HeavyMetals Removal Results Chromium (Cr)-Total Cobalt (Co)-Total Copper(Cu)-Total Lead (Pb)-Total Nickel (Ni)-Total Zinc (Zn)-Total
- 24. Preliminary Results – Objective 1 For chlorides: 24 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 PercentReduction(%) Salt Concentration (mg/L) Comparison of Conductivity Reduction forSix Materials (48 Hour Test) Comparison of Conductivity Reduction for Five Materials (48 Hour Test)
- 25. 25 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ChlorideIonConc.(mg/L) Bottle # Chloride Removal for Amendment 5 InitialChloride Ion Conc. Final Chloride Conc. (Pre-Filter) Final Chloride Conc. (Post-Filter Preliminary Results – Objective 1
- 26. Field Facility – Objective 2 Upscaling from the Laboratory to the Field Peak dampening from diffusion, storage & adsorption Testing of Various Liners Sub‐surface Leak Detection 26
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- 30. Melt Water Capture and Treatment Storm Event Winter Event Precipitation Depth (mm) Total Event Precipitation Volume (L) Total Event Runoff Volume Intercepted by the Liner System (L)Start Date End Date 31/Oct/13 3/Nov/13 11.4 27,360 34,364 6/Nov/13 7/Nov/13 13.8 33,120 8,143 20/Dec/14 22/Dec/14 45.3 108,720 15,607 11/Jan/14 15/Jan/14 19.5 46,800 49,223 31/Jan/14 31/Jan/14 0.0 - 904 2/Feb/14 3/Feb/14 15.3 36,720 3,246 20/Feb/14 24/Feb/14 17.4 41,760 28,378 7/Mar/14 15/Mar/14 6.6 15,840 88,659 18/Mar/14 22/Mar/14 1.6 3,840 27,996 28/Mar/14 29/Mar/14 4.5 10,800 7,760 TOTAL 135.4 324,960 264,280 Compacted Clay allows for upwelling from seasonal water table
- 31. Water Quantity 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 1/10/2014 12:00 1/12/2014 0:00 1/13/2014 12:00 1/15/2014 0:00 Flow(lps) Date and Time Melt Model Cumulative Underdrains