Mood disorders ppt
- 1. MOOD DISORDERS Anjana Peter MSW 1st year(2019-2021) Vimala College, Thrissur
- 2. MOOD DISORDERS • Mood disorder means severe alterations in moods for much longer periods of time. • The disturbances of mood are intense and persistent enough to be clearly maladaptive and often lead to serious problems in relationships and work performance. • Mood disorders are diverse in nature. • It was formerly called ” affective disorders”.
- 3. • The two key moods involved in mood disorder are : 1. Mania 2. Depression • Mania: Mania is characterised by intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria. • Depression: Depression, which usually involves feelings of extraordinary sadness and dejection.
- 4. TYPES OFMOOD DISORDERS 1. Unipolar depressive disorders: In which the person experience only depressive episodes. 2. Bipolar disorder: In which the person experiences both manic and depressive episodes.
- 5. Unipolar mood disorder: Criteria for Depression A. Five or more of the following symptoms have been present during a 2 week period and represent a change from previous functioning. 1. Depressed mood most of the day. 2. Diminished interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities most of the day. 3. Significant weight loss when not dieting. In some cases, weight gain. 4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly everyday. 5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly everyday. 6. Fatigue or loss of energy everyday. 7. Feeling of worthlessness and excessive guilty feeling.
- 6. 8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate and indecisiveness. 9. Recurrent thoughts of death. B. These symptoms should cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational functioning. C. These symptoms are not due to the physiological affects of substance or another medical conditions. D. Schizoaffective disorder , delusional disorder and schizophrenia should be excluded. E. There has never manic episode.
- 7. TYPES OF DEPRESSION 1. Dysthymic Disorder: • Dysthymia is a mild depression. • A person must have a persistently depressed mood most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years (1 year for children and adolescents). • It is charaterised by any two of the following symptoms: ( Poor appetite/ over eating, low energy level, sleep disturbance, low self esteem, difficulties in concentration or decision making, and feeling of hopelessness).
- 8. 2. Normal Depression: • Depression that occurs after a major stressor/ percipitating factors. 3. Adjustment disorder with depressed mood: • An identifiable stressor will be present. 4. Major depression: • The person exhibit more symptoms than are required for dysthymia and that the symptoms be more persistent. • To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode (single if initial, or recurrent) and never have had a manic, hypomanic, or mixed episode. • Symptoms: Five or more symptoms are present-(Continuous depression, less appetite, sleep disorder, introjection and loss of interest in pleasurable activities).
- 9. Specifiers for major depressive episodes: Specifier Characteristic symptoms With Melancholic features Three of the following: Early morning awakening, depression worse in the morning, marked psychomotor agitation or retardation, loss of appetite or weight, excessive guilt, qualitatively different depressed mood. With psychotic features Delusions or hallucinations (usually mood congruent: feelings of guilt and worthlessness common. With Atypical features Mood reactivity-brightens to positive events, two of the four following symptoms, weight gain or increase in appetite, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis( arms and legs feel as heavy as lead, being acutely sensitive to interpersonal rejection. With Catatonic features A range of psychomotor symptoms from motoric immobility to extensive psychomotor activity, as well as mutism and rigidity. With Seasonal pattern At least two or more episodes in past 2 years that have occurred at the same time (usually fall or winter) and full remission at the same time (usually spring). No other nonseasonal episodes in the same 2-year period.
- 10. Bipolar Disorders: Criteria for Manic Episode: A. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day ( or any duration if hospitalisation is necessary). B. During the period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, three ( or more) of the following symptoms ( four if the mood is only irritable) are present to a significant degree and represent a noticeable change from usual behaviour: 1. Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity. 2. Decreased need for sleep( e.g. feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep). 3. More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking.
- 11. 4. Right of ideas or subjective experience that thought are racing. 5. Distractibility (i.e. attention too easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli), as reported or observed. 6. Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation (i.e. Purposeless non- goal-directed activity). 7. Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g. engaging in unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments). C. C. The mood disturbances are sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalisation to prevent harm to self-others, or there are psychotic features. D. D. The episode is not attributable to the physiological effect of a substance (e.g. a drug of abuse, a medication, other treatment) or to another medical condition.
- 12. 1. Cyclothymic Disorder: • Cyclothymia is defined as a less serious version of full-blown bipolar disorder because it lacks certain extreme symptoms and psychotic features such as delusions and the marked impairment caused by full blown manic or major depressive episodes. • In the depressed phase of cyclothymic disorder, a person’s mood is dejected, and he or she experiences a distinct loss of interest or pleasure in customary activities and pastimes. • In addition, the person may show other symptoms such as low energy, feelings of inadequacy, social withdrawal, and a pessimistic, brooding attitude.
- 13. Bipolar I: The most important aspect of bipolar I disorder is the presence of mania. People with bipolar I disorder experience episodes of mania and periods of depression. Even if the periods of depression do not reach the threshold for a major depressive episodes, the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder is still given. Bipolar II: People with bipolar II disorder experience periods of hypomania but their symptoms are below the threshold of full-blown mania. The person diagnosed with bipolar II disorder also experiences periods od depressed mood that meet the criteria for major depression.
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